ds-intune

0.57

ds-intune.psm1

<#
.COPYRIGHT
Portions of this are derived from Microsoft content on GitHub at the following URL:
 
https://github.com/microsoftgraph/powershell-intune-samples/blob/master/ManagedDevices/ManagedDevices_Apps_Get.ps1
 
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Licensed under the MIT license.
See LICENSE in the project root for license information.
#>

#region Microsoft GitHub sample code

$apiVersion = "2017-01-01-preview"
$graphApiVersion = "beta"

function Get-AuthToken {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This function is used to authenticate with the Graph API REST interface
    .DESCRIPTION
        The function authenticate with the Graph API Interface with the tenant name
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-AuthToken
        Authenticates you with the Graph API interface
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-AuthToken
    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)] $User
    )

    $userUpn = New-Object "System.Net.Mail.MailAddress" -ArgumentList $User
    $tenant = $userUpn.Host

    Write-Host "Checking for AzureAD module..."
    $AadModule = Get-Module -Name "AzureAD" -ListAvailable

    if ($null -eq $AadModule) {
        Write-Host "AzureAD PowerShell module not found, looking for AzureADPreview"
        $AadModule = Get-Module -Name "AzureADPreview" -ListAvailable
    }

    if ($null -eq $AadModule) {
        Write-Host
        Write-Host "AzureAD Powershell module not installed..." -f Red
        Write-Host "Install by running 'Install-Module AzureAD' or 'Install-Module AzureADPreview' from an elevated PowerShell prompt" -f Yellow
        Write-Host "Script can't continue..." -f Red
        Write-Host
        exit
    }

    # Getting path to ActiveDirectory Assemblies
    # If the module count is greater than 1 find the latest version

    if ($AadModule.count -gt 1){
        $Latest_Version = ($AadModule | Select-Object version | Sort-Object)[-1]
        $aadModule = $AadModule | Where-Object { $_.version -eq $Latest_Version.version }
        # Checking if there are multiple versions of the same module found
        if($AadModule.count -gt 1){
            $aadModule = $AadModule | Select-Object -Unique
        }
        $adal = Join-Path $AadModule.ModuleBase "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.dll"
        $adalforms = Join-Path $AadModule.ModuleBase "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Platform.dll"
    }
    else {
        $adal = Join-Path $AadModule.ModuleBase "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.dll"
        $adalforms = Join-Path $AadModule.ModuleBase "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.Platform.dll"
    }

    [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFrom($adal) | Out-Null
    [System.Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFrom($adalforms) | Out-Null

    $clientId = "d1ddf0e4-d672-4dae-b554-9d5bdfd93547"
    $redirectUri = "urn:ietf:wg:oauth:2.0:oob"
    $resourceAppIdURI = "https://graph.microsoft.com"
    $authority = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/$Tenant"

    try {
        $authContext = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext" -ArgumentList $authority
        # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/microsoft.identitymodel.clients.activedirectory.promptbehavior.aspx
        # Change the prompt behaviour to force credentials each time: Auto, Always, Never, RefreshSession
        $platformParameters = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.PlatformParameters" -ArgumentList "Auto"
        $userId = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.UserIdentifier" -ArgumentList ($User, "OptionalDisplayableId")
        $authResult = $authContext.AcquireTokenAsync($resourceAppIdURI,$clientId,$redirectUri,$platformParameters,$userId).Result

        # If the accesstoken is valid then create the authentication header
        if ($authResult.AccessToken){
            # Creating header for Authorization token
            $authHeader = @{
                'Content-Type'='application/json'
                'Authorization'="Bearer " + $authResult.AccessToken
                'ExpiresOn'=$authResult.ExpiresOn
            }
            return $authHeader
        }
        else {
            #Write-Host
            Write-Host "Authorization Access Token is null, please re-run authentication..." -ForegroundColor Red
            #Write-Host
            break
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
        Write-Error $_.Exception.ItemName
        break
    }
}

function Get-DsIntuneAuth {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)][string] $UserName
    )
    # Checking if authToken exists before running authentication
    if ($global:authToken) {

        # Setting DateTime to Universal time to work in all timezones
        $DateTime = (Get-Date).ToUniversalTime()

        # If the authToken exists checking when it expires
        $TokenExpires = ($authToken.ExpiresOn.datetime - $DateTime).Minutes

        if ($TokenExpires -le 0){
            Write-Host "Authentication Token expired" $TokenExpires "minutes ago" -ForegroundColor Yellow
            # Defining Azure AD tenant name, this is the name of your Azure Active Directory (do not use the verified domain name)
            $global:authToken = Get-AuthToken -User $UserName
        }
    }
    else {
        # Authentication doesn't exist, calling Get-AuthToken function
        $global:authToken = Get-AuthToken -User $UserName
    }
}

Function Get-AADUser() {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This function is used to get AAD Users from the Graph API REST interface
    .DESCRIPTION
        The function connects to the Graph API Interface and gets any users registered with AAD
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-AADUser
        Returns all users registered with Azure AD
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-AADUser -userPrincipleName user@domain.com
        Returns specific user by UserPrincipalName registered with Azure AD
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-AADUser
    #>
    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        [parameter()][string] $userPrincipalName,
        [parameter()][string] $Property
    )
    #$graphApiVersion = "v1.0"
    $User_resource = "users"

    try {
        if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($userPrincipalName)) {
            $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/$graphApiVersion/$($User_resource)"
            (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers $authToken -Method Get).Value
        }
        else {
            if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Property)) {
                $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/$graphApiVersion/$($User_resource)/$userPrincipalName"
                Write-Verbose $uri
                Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers $authToken -Method Get
            }
            else {
                $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/$graphApiVersion/$($User_resource)/$userPrincipalName/$Property"
                Write-Verbose $uri
                (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers $authToken -Method Get).Value
            }
        }
    }
    catch {
        $ex = $_.Exception
        $errorResponse = $ex.Response.GetResponseStream()
        $reader = New-Object System.IO.StreamReader($errorResponse)
        $reader.BaseStream.Position = 0
        $reader.DiscardBufferedData()
        $responseBody = $reader.ReadToEnd();
        Write-Host "Response content:`n$responseBody" -f Red
        Write-Error "Request to $Uri failed with HTTP Status $($ex.Response.StatusCode) $($ex.Response.StatusDescription)"
        #Write-Host
        break
    }
}

function Get-AADDevices {
    if (!$AADCred) { $Global:AADCred = Connect-AzureAD }
    $aadcomps = Get-AzureADDevice -All $True
    Write-Verbose "returned $($aadcomps.Count) devices from Azure AD"
    $aadcomps | Foreach-Object {
        $llogin = $_.ApproximateLastLogonTimeStamp
        if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($llogin)) {
            $xdaysOld = (New-TimeSpan -Start $([datetime]$llogin) -End (Get-Date)).Days
        }
        else {
            $xdaysOld = $null
        }
        if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_.LastDirSyncTime)) {
            $xSyncDays = (New-TimeSpan -Start $([datetime]$_.LastDirSyncTime) -End (Get-Date)).Days
        }
        else {
            $xSyncDays = $null
        }
        [pscustomobject]@{
            Name           = $_.DisplayName
            DeviceId       = $_.DeviceId
            ObjectId       = $_.ObjectId
            Enabled        = $_.AccountEnabled
            OSName         = $_.DeviceOSType
            OSVersion      = $_.DeviceOSVersion
            TrustType      = $_.DeviceTrustType
            LastLogon      = $_.ApproximateLastLogonTimeStamp
            LastLogonDays  = $xdaysOld
            IsCompliant    = $($_.IsCompliant -eq $True)
            IsManaged      = $($_.IsManaged -eq $True)
            DirSyncEnabled = $($_.DirSyncEnabled -eq $True)
            LastDirSync    = $_.LastDirSyncTime
            LastSyncDays   = $xSyncDays
            ProfileType    = $_.ProfileType
        }
    }
}

Function Get-MsGraphData($Path) {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns MS Graph data from (beta) REST API query
    .PARAMETER Path
        REST API URI path suffix
    .NOTES
        This function was derived from https://www.dowst.dev/search-intune-for-devices-with-application-installed/
        (Thanks to Matt Dowst)
    #>
    $FullUri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/$graphApiVersion/$Path"
    [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSObject]]$Collection = @()
    $NextLink = $FullUri
    do {
        $Result = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $NextLink -Headers $AuthHeader
        if ($Result.'@odata.count') {
            $Result.value | ForEach-Object{$Collection.Add($_)}
        } 
        else {
            $Collection.Add($Result)
        }
        $NextLink = $Result.'@odata.nextLink'
    } while ($NextLink)
    return $Collection
}

Function Get-ManagedDevices(){
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        This function is used to get Intune Managed Devices from the Graph API REST interface
    .DESCRIPTION
        The function connects to the Graph API Interface and gets any Intune Managed Device
    .PARAMETER IncludeEAS
        Switch to include EAS devices (not included by default)
    .PARAMETER ExcludeMDM
        Switch to exclude MDM devices (not excluded by default)
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-ManagedDevices
        Returns all managed devices but excludes EAS devices registered within the Intune Service
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-ManagedDevices -IncludeEAS
        Returns all managed devices including EAS devices registered within the Intune Service
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-ManagedDevices
    #>

    [cmdletbinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)][string] $UserName,
        [parameter()][switch] $IncludeEAS,
        [parameter()][switch] $ExcludeMDM
    )
    #$graphApiVersion = "beta"
    $Resource = "deviceManagement/managedDevices"
    try {
        Get-DsIntuneAuth -UserName $UserName
        $Count_Params = 0
        if ($IncludeEAS.IsPresent){ $Count_Params++ }
        if ($ExcludeMDM.IsPresent){ $Count_Params++ }
        if ($Count_Params -gt 1) {
            Write-Warning "Multiple parameters set, specify a single parameter -IncludeEAS, -ExcludeMDM or no parameter against the function"
            #Write-Host
            break
        }
        elseif ($IncludeEAS) {
            $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/$graphApiVersion/$Resource"
        }
        elseif ($ExcludeMDM) {
            $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/$graphApiVersion/$Resource`?`$filter=managementAgent eq 'eas'"
        }
        else {
            $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/$graphApiVersion/$Resource`?`$filter=managementAgent eq 'mdm' and managementAgent eq 'easmdm'"
            Write-Warning "EAS Devices are excluded by default, please use -IncludeEAS if you want to include those devices"
            #Write-Host
        }
        $response = (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers $authToken -Method Get)
        $Devices = $response.Value
        $DevicesNextLink = $response."@odata.nextLink"
        while ($DevicesNextLink) {
            $response = (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $DevicesNextLink -Headers $authToken -Method Get)
            $DevicesNextLink = $response."@odata.nextLink"
            $Devices += $response.value 
        }
        $Devices
    }
    catch {
        $ex = $_.Exception
        $errorResponse = $ex.Response.GetResponseStream()
        $reader = New-Object System.IO.StreamReader($errorResponse)
        $reader.BaseStream.Position = 0
        $reader.DiscardBufferedData()
        $responseBody = $reader.ReadToEnd();
        Write-Warning "Response content:`n$responseBody"
        Write-Error "Request to $Uri failed with HTTP Status $($ex.Response.StatusCode) $($ex.Response.StatusDescription)"
        Write-Host
        break
    }
}

function GetHeaders {
    param (
        [parameter()][string] $AccessToken,
        [parameter()][switch] $IncludeStatistics,
        [parameter()][switch] $IncludeRender,
        [parameter()][int] $ServerTimeout
    )
    $preferString = "response-v1=true"
    if ($IncludeStatistics) {
        $preferString += ",include-statistics=true"
    }
    if ($IncludeRender) {
        $preferString += ",include-render=true"
    }
    if ($null -ne $ServerTimeout) {
        $preferString += ",wait=$ServerTimeout"
    }
    $headers = @{
        "Authorization" = "Bearer $accessToken";
        "prefer" = $preferString;
        "x-ms-app" = "LogAnalyticsQuery.psm1";
        "x-ms-client-request-id" = [Guid]::NewGuid().ToString();
    }
    $headers
}

function CreateObjectView {
    param (
        [parameter()] $data
    )
    # Find the number of entries we'll need in this array
    $count = 0
    foreach ($table in $data.Tables) {
        $count += $table.Rows.Count
    }
    $objectView = New-Object object[] $count
    $i = 0;
    foreach ($table in $data.Tables) {
        foreach ($row in $table.Rows) {
            # Create a dictionary of properties
            $properties = @{}
            for ($columnNum=0; $columnNum -lt $table.Columns.Count; $columnNum++) {
                $properties[$table.Columns[$columnNum].name] = $row[$columnNum]
            }
            # Then create a PSObject from it. This seems to be *much* faster than using Add-Member
            $objectView[$i] = (New-Object PSObject -Property $properties)
            $null = $i++
        }
    }
    $objectView
}

function GetArmHost {
    param(
        [parameter()][string] $environment
    )
    switch ($environment) {
        ""      {$armHost = "management.azure.com"}
        "aimon" {$armHost = "management.azure.com"}
        "int"   {$armHost = "api-dogfood.resources.windows-int.net"}
    }
    $armHost
}

function BuildUri {
    param (
        [parameter()][string] $armHost,
        [parameter()][string] $subscriptionId,
        [parameter()][string] $resourceGroup,
        [parameter()][string] $workspaceName,
        [parameter()][string] $queryParams
    )
    "https://$armHost/subscriptions/$subscriptionId/resourceGroups/$resourceGroup/providers/" + `
        "microsoft.operationalinsights/workspaces/$workspaceName/api/query?$queryParamString"
}

function GetAccessToken {
    $azureCmdlet = get-command -Name Get-AzureRMContext -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    if ($null -eq $azureCmdlet) {
        $null = Import-Module AzureRM -ErrorAction Stop;
    }
    $AzureContext = & "Get-AzureRmContext" -ErrorAction Stop;
    $authenticationFactory = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Common.Authentication.Factories.AuthenticationFactory
    if ((Get-Variable -Name PSEdition -ErrorAction Ignore) -and ('Core' -eq $PSEdition)) {
        [Action[string]]$stringAction = {param($s)}
        $serviceCredentials = $authenticationFactory.GetServiceClientCredentials($AzureContext, $stringAction)
    } 
    else {
        $serviceCredentials = $authenticationFactory.GetServiceClientCredentials($AzureContext)
    }

    # We can't get a token directly from the service credentials. Instead, we need to make a dummy message which we will ask
    # the serviceCredentials to add an auth token to, then we can take the token from this message.
    $message = New-Object System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage -ArgumentList @([System.Net.Http.HttpMethod]::Get, "http://foobar/")
    $cancellationToken = New-Object System.Threading.CancellationToken
    $null = $serviceCredentials.ProcessHttpRequestAsync($message, $cancellationToken).GetAwaiter().GetResult()
    $accessToken = $message.Headers.GetValues("Authorization").Split(" ")[1] # This comes out in the form "Bearer <token>"

    $accessToken
}

#endregion

function Get-DsIntuneDevices {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns dataset of Intune-managed devices with inventoried apps
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns dataset of Intune-managed devices with inventoried apps
    .PARAMETER UserName
        UserPrincipalName for authentication request
    .PARAMETER ShowProgress
        Display progress as data is exported (default is silent / no progress shown)
    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Optional expanded list of device properties which includes:
        * DeviceName, DeviceID, Manufacturer, Model, MemoryGB, DiskSizeGB, FreeSpaceGB, EthernetMAC,
          SerialNumber, OSName, OSVersion, Ownership, Category, LastSyncTime, UserName, Apps
        * The default return property set: DeviceName, DeviceID, OSName, OSVersion, LastSyncTime, UserName, Apps
        * Note that for either case, Apps will be set to $null if parameter -NoApps is used
    .PARAMETER NoApps
        Exclude installed Applications data from return dataset
        This reduces overall query time significantly!
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com"
        Returns results of online request to variable $devices
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -ShowProgress
        Returns results of online request to variable $devices while displaying concurrent progress
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -Detailed -NoApps
        Returns detailed results of online request to variable $devices without installed applications data
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -NoApps
        Returns summary results of online request to variable $devices without installed applications data
        This is the fastest query option of all the parameter options
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-DsIntuneDevices
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Get-DsIntuneDevices.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [parameter(Mandatory)][string] $UserName,
        [parameter()][switch] $ShowProgress,
        [parameter()][switch] $Detailed,
        [parameter()][switch] $NoApps
    )
    #if ($UserName) { Get-DsIntuneAuth -UserName $UserName } else { Get-DsIntuneAuth }
    $Devices = Get-ManagedDevices -UserName $UserName
    Write-Host "returned $($Devices.Count) managed devices"
    if ($Devices) {
        if ($Detailed) {
            Write-Host "getting detailed device properties (this may take a few minutes)..."
        }
        else {
            Write-Host "getting device properties..."
        }
        $dx = 1
        $dcount = $Devices.Count
        foreach ($Device in $Devices){
            if ($ShowProgress) { 
                Write-Progress -Activity "Found $dcount" -Status "$dx of $dcount" -PercentComplete $(($dx/$dcount)*100) -id 1
            }
            $DeviceID = $Device.id
            $uri = "https://graph.microsoft.com/$graphApiVersion/deviceManagement/manageddevices('$DeviceID')?`$expand=detectedApps"
            if (!$NoApps) { 
                $DetectedApps = (Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers $authToken -Method Get).detectedApps 
            }
            $dx++
            $LastSync = $Device.lastSyncDateTime
            $SyncDays = (New-TimeSpan -Start $LastSync -End (Get-Date)).Days
            
            if ($Detailed) {
                $compliant = $($Device.complianceState -eq $True)
                $disksize  = [math]::Round(($Device.totalStorageSpaceInBytes / 1GB),2)
                $freespace = [math]::Round(($Device.freeStorageSpaceInBytes / 1GB),2)
                $mem       = [math]::Round(($Device.physicalMemoryInBytes / 1GB),2)
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    DeviceName   = $Device.DeviceName
                    DeviceID     = $DeviceID
                    Manufacturer = $Device.manufacturer
                    Model        = $Device.model 
                    UserName     = $Device.userDisplayName
                    EthernetMAC  = $Device.ethernetMacAddress
                    WiFiMAC      = $Device.WiFiMacAddress
                    MemoryGB     = $mem
                    DiskSizeGB   = $disksize
                    FreeSpaceGB  = $freespace
                    SerialNumber = $Device.serialNumber 
                    OSName       = $Device.operatingSystem 
                    OSVersion    = $Device.osVersion
                    Ownership    = $Device.ownerType
                    Category     = $Device.deviceCategoryDisplayName
                    EnrollDate   = $Device.enrolledDateTime
                    LastSyncTime = $LastSync
                    LastSyncDays = $SyncDays
                    Compliant    = $compliant
                    AutoPilot    = $Device.autopilotEnrolled
                    Apps         = $DetectedApps
                }
            }
            else {
                [pscustomobject]@{
                    DeviceName   = $Device.DeviceName
                    DeviceID     = $DeviceID
                    UserName     = $Device.userDisplayName
                    OSName       = $Device.operatingSystem 
                    OSVersion    = $Device.osVersion
                    LastSyncTime = $LastSync
                    LastSyncDays = $SyncDays
                    Apps         = $DetectedApps
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        Write-Host "No Intune Managed Devices found..." -f green
        Write-Host
    }
}

function Get-DsIntuneDevicesRaw {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns raw data for all Intune devices
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns raw data for all Intune devices
    .EXAMPLE
        $allDevices = Get-DsIntuneDevicesRaw
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-DsIntuneDevicesRaw
        Alias for Get-ManagedDevices()
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Get-DsIntuneDevicesRaw.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param ()
    Get-ManagedDevices
}

function Get-DsIntuneDeviceSummary {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter()][ValidateSet('OSName','Model','Manufacturer','ComplianceState','AutoPilotEnrolled','Ownership')] $Property = 'OSName',
        [parameter()] $DataSet,
        [parameter()][string] $UserName,
        [parameter()][switch] $ShowProgress
    )
    if ($null -eq $DataSet) {
        $DataSet = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName $UserName -Detailed -ShowProgress:$ShowProgress -NoApps
    }
    $DataSet | 
        Where-Object {![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_."$Property")} |
            Select-Object DeviceName,$Property |
                Sort-Object DeviceName -Unique |
                    Group-Object $Property |
                        Select-Object Count,Name
}

function Get-DsIntuneStaleDevices {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns devices which have not synchronized within the last N (-Days)
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns Intune device accounts which have not synchronized within
        the last <N> days as specified by -Days
    .PARAMETER DataSet
        Data returned from Get-DsIntuneDeviceData()
    .PARAMETER Days
        Number of days to allow (default is 30)
    .PARAMETER Detailed
        Returns detailed property set for each device (see Get-DsIntuneDeviceData) if -DataSet is $null
    .PARAMETER ShowProgress
        Displays progress during query if -DataSet is $null
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DsIntuneStaleDevices -DataSet $devices
        Returns devices which have not synchronized with AzureAD in the last 30 days
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DsIntuneStaleDevices -DataSet $devices -Detailed -Days 60
        Returns devices with detailed properties which have not synchronized with AzureAD in the last 60 days
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-DsIntuneStaleDevices
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Get-DsIntuneStaleDevices.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter()] $DataSet,
        [parameter()][string] $UserName,
        [parameter()][int] $Days = 30,
        [parameter()][switch] $Detailed,
        [parameter()][switch] $ShowProgress
    )
    try {
        if (!$DataSet) {
            Write-Host "querying Intune devices" -ForegroundColor Cyan
            $DataSet = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName $UserName -ShowProgress:$ShowProgress -Detailed:$Detailed -NoApps
        }
        else {
            Write-Verbose "re-querying $($DataSet.Count) devices from existing dataset"            
        }
        $result = $DataSet | Where-Object {($null -eq $_.LastSyncTime) -or $(New-TimeSpan -Start $_.LastSyncTime -End (Get-Date)).Days -gt $Days}
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
    }
    finally {
        $result
    }
}

function Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps ($DataSet) {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns App inventory data from Intune Device data set
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns App inventory data from Intune Device data set
    .PARAMETER DataSet
        Data returned from Get-DsIntuneDevices()
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com"
        $applist = Get-DsIntuneDeviceApps -DataSet $devices
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps.md
    #>
    if (!$DataSet) {
        Write-Warning "device accounts dataset from Get-DsIntuneDevices required"
        break
    }
    $badnames = ('. .','. . .','..','...')
    foreach ($row in $Dataset) {
        $devicename = $row.DeviceName
        if ($null -ne $row.Apps) {
            $apps = $row.Apps
            foreach ($app in $apps) {
                $displayName = $($app.displayName).ToString().Trim()
                if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($displayName)) {
                    if ($displayName -notin $badnames) {
                        if ($($app.Id).Length -gt 36) {
                            $ptype = 'WindowsStore'
                        }
                        elseif ($($app.Id).Length -eq 36) {
                            $ptype = 'Win32'
                        }
                        else {
                            $ptype = 'Other'
                        }
                        [pscustomobject]@{
                            ProductName    = $displayName
                            ProductVersion = $($app.version).ToString().Trim()
                            ProductCode    = $app.Id
                            ProductType    = $ptype
                            DeviceName     = $devicename
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

function Get-DsIntuneDevicesWithApp {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Returns Intune managed devices having a specified App installed
    .DESCRIPTION
        Returns Intune managed devices having a specified App installed
    .PARAMETER AppDataSet
        Applications dataset returned from Get-DsIntuneDeviceApps().
        If not provided, Devices are queried automatically, which will incur additional time.
    .PARAMETER Application
        Name, or wildcard name, of App to search for
    .PARAMETER UserName
        UserPrincipalName for authentication request
    .PARAMETER ShowProgress
        Display progress during execution (default is silent / no progress shown)
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DsIntuneDevicesWithApp -Application "*Putty*" -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com"
        Returns list of Intune-managed devices which have any app name containing "Putty" installed
    .EXAMPLE
        Get-DsIntuneDevicesWithApp -Application "*Putty*" -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -ShowProgress
        Returns list of Intune-managed devices which have any apps name containing "Putty" installed, and displays progress during execution
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-DsIntuneDevicesWithApp
        This function was derived almost entirely from https://www.dowst.dev/search-intune-for-devices-with-application-installed/
        (Thanks to Matt Dowst)
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Get-DsIntuneDevicesWithApp.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter()] $AppDataSet,
        [parameter(Mandatory)][ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()][string] $Application,
        [parameter()][string] $Version,
        [parameter(Mandatory)][ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()][string] $Username,
        [parameter()][switch] $ShowProgress
    )
    Write-Verbose "Getting authentication token"
    $AuthHeader = Get-AuthToken -User $Username

    Write-Verbose "getting all devices in Intune"
    $AllDevices = Get-MsGraphData "deviceManagement/managedDevices"

    # Get detected app for each device and check for app name
    [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSObject]]$FoundApp = @()
    $wp = 1
    Write-Verbose "querying devices for $Application $Version"
    foreach ($Device in $AllDevices) {
        if ($ShowProgress) { Write-Progress -Activity "Found $($FoundApp.count)" -Status "$wp of $($AllDevices.count)" -PercentComplete $(($wp/$($AllDevices.count))*100) -id 1 }
        $AppData = Get-MsGraphData "deviceManagement/managedDevices/$($Device.id)?`$expand=detectedApps"
        $DetectedApp = $AppData.detectedApps | Where-Object {$_.displayname -like $Application}
        if (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Version)) {
            $DetectedApp = $DetectedApp | Where-Object { $_.ProductVersion -eq $Version }
        }
        if ($DetectedApp) {
            $DetectedApp | 
                Select-Object @{l='DeviceName';e={$Device.DeviceName}}, @{l='Application';e={$_.displayname}}, Version, SizeInByte,
                @{l='LastSyncDateTime';e={$Device.lastSyncDateTime}}, @{l='DeviceId';e={$Device.id}} | 
                    Foreach-Object { $FoundApp.Add($_) }
        }
        $wp++
    }
    if ($ShowProgress) { Write-Progress -Activity "Done" -Id 1 -Completed }
    $FoundApp
}

function Get-DsIntuneInstalledAppCounts {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Return Applications grouped and sorted by Installation Counts
    .DESCRIPTION
        Return Applications grouped and sorted by Installation Counts in descending order
    .PARAMETER AppDataSet
        Applications dataset returned from Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps()
    .PARAMETER RowCount
        Limit to first (N) rows (default is 0 / returns all rows)
    .EXAMPLE
        $apps = Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps -DataSet $devices
        $top20 = Get-DsIntuneInstalledAppCounts -AppDataSet $apps -RowCount 20
    .NOTES
        NAME: Get-DsIntuneInstalledAppCounts
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Get-DsIntuneInstalledAppCounts.md
    #>
    param (
        [parameter()] $AppDataSet,
        [parameter()][int] $RowCount = 0
    )
    try {
        $result = $AppDataSet | Group-Object -Property ProductName,ProductVersion | Select-Object Count,Name | Sort-Object Count -Descending
        if ($RowCount -gt 0) { 
            $result | Select-Object -First $RowCount
        }
        else {
            $result
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
    }
}

function Export-DsIntuneInventory {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Export Intune Device Applications Inventory to Excel Workbook
    .DESCRIPTION
        Export Intune Device Applications Inventory to Excel Workbook
    .PARAMETER DeviceData
        Device data returned from Get-DsIntuneDeviceData(). If not provided, Get-DsIntuneDeviceData() is invoked automatically.
        Passing Device data to -DeviceData can save significant processing time.
    .PARAMETER Title
        Title used for prefix of XLSX filename
    .PARAMETER UserName
        UserPrincipalName for authentication
    .PARAMETER Overwrite
        Replace output file it exists
    .PARAMETER DaysOld
        Filter stale accounts by specified number of days (range 10 to 1000, default = 180)
    .PARAMETER Show
        Open workbook in Excel when completed (requires Excel on host machine)
    .PARAMETER Distinct
        Filter DeviceName+AppName only to remove duplicates arising from different versions
    .PARAMETER DeviceOS
        Filter devices and derivative datasets to specified OS. Default is 'All'
    .EXAMPLE
        Export-DsIntuneInventory -Title "Contoso" -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -Overwrite
 
        Queries all Intune devices and applications to generate output file
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com"
        $apps = Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps -DataSet $devices
        Export-DsIntuneInventory -DeviceData $devices -Title "Contoso" -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -Overwrite -Show
         
        Processes existing data ($devices) to generate output file with "Contoso" in the filename, and
        display the results in Excel when finished
     
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com"
        $apps = Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps -DataSet $devices
        Export-DsIntuneInventory -DeviceData $devices -Title "Contoso" -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -Overwrite -Show -Distinct
         
        Processes existing data ($devices) to generate output file with "Contoso" in the filename, and
        display the unique App results in Excel when finished
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" | Where-Object {$_.OSName -eq 'Windows'}
        $apps = Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps -DataSet $devices
        Export-DsIntuneInventory -DeviceData $devices -Title "Contoso" -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -Overwrite -Show -Distinct
         
        Processes existing data ($devices) for only Windows devices, to generate output file with "Contoso" in the
        filename, and display the unique App results in Excel when finished
 
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -DeviceOS 'Windows'
        $apps = Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps -DataSet $devices
        Export-DsIntuneInventory -DeviceData $devices -Title "Contoso" -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com" -Overwrite -Show -Distinct
         
        Processes existing data ($devices) for only Windows devices, to generate output file with "Contoso" in the
        filename, and display the unique App results in Excel when finished
 
    .NOTES
        NAME: Export-DsIntuneInventory
        Requires PS module ImportExcel
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Export-DsIntuneInventory.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter()] $DeviceData,
        [parameter(Mandatory)][ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()][string] $Title,
        [parameter()][ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()][string] $UserName,
        [parameter()][switch] $Overwrite,
        [parameter()][switch] $Distinct,
        [parameter()][int][ValidateRange(10,1000)] $DaysOld = 180,
        [parameter()][string][ValidateSet('All','Windows','Android','iOS')] $DeviceOS = 'All',
        [parameter()][switch] $Show
    )
    if (!(Get-Module ImportExcel -ListAvailable)) {
        Write-Warning "This function requires the PowerShell module ImportExcel, which is not installed."
        break
    }
    if ($null -eq $DeviceData) {
        if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($UserName)) {
            Write-Warning "UserName must be provided when DeviceData is not provided."
            break
        }
    }
    try {
        $xlFile = "$($env:USERPROFILE)\Documents\$Title`_IntuneDevices_$(Get-Date -f 'yyyy-MM-dd').xlsx"
        if ((Test-Path $xlFile) -and (!$Overwrite)) {
            Write-Warning "Output file exists [$xlFile]. Use -Overwrite to replace."
            break
        }
        $time1 = Get-Date
        if (!$DeviceData) {
            Write-Host "requesting managed devices data from Intune" -ForegroundColor Cyan
            $DeviceData = Get-DsIntuneDevices -UserName $UserName -Detailed
        }
        else {
            Write-Warning "device dataset should be derived with [-Detailed] option, to get the full set of properties."
        }
        if ($DeviceOS -ne 'All') {
            $DeviceData = $DeviceData | Where-Object {$_.OSName -eq $DeviceOS}
            Write-Host "found $($DeviceData.Count) devices running $DeviceOS"
        }
        Write-Host "querying: installed applications for each device"
        $applist = Get-DsIntuneInstalledApps -DataSet $DeviceData
        if ($Distinct) {
            Write-Host "filtering: unique product names per device"
            $applist2 = $applist | Select-Object DeviceName,ProductName | Sort-Object ProductName,DeviceName -Unique
        }

        Write-Host "querying: AzureAD devices"
        $aaddevices  = Get-AADDevices
        Write-Host "found $($aaddevices.Count) AzureAD device accounts"

        Write-Host "querying: Stale devices (more than $DaysOld days)"
        $stale = Get-DsIntuneStaleDevices -DataSet $DeviceData -Days $DaysOld
        Write-Host "found $($stale.Count) devices not synchronized in the last $DaysOld days"

        Write-Host "exporting data to workbook..."
        $aaddevices | Sort-Object Name -Unique |
            Export-Excel -Path $xlFile -WorksheetName "AADDevices" -ClearSheet -AutoSize -FreezeTopRowFirstColumn -AutoFilter
        $DeviceData | Where-Object {$_.DeviceName -ne 'User deleted for this device'} | 
            Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty Apps | Sort-Object DeviceName -Unique |
                Export-Excel -Path $xlFile -WorksheetName "IntuneDevices" -ClearSheet -AutoSize -FreezeTopRow -AutoFilter
        $stale | Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty Apps |    
            Export-Excel -Path $XlFile -WorksheetName "StaleDevices" -ClearSheet -AutoSize -FreezeTopRow -AutoFilter 
        $DeviceData | Where-Object {$_.DeviceName -eq 'User deleted for this device'} | 
            Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty Apps | Sort-Object DeviceName,Manufacturer,Model |
                Export-Excel -Path $xlFile -WorksheetName "UserDeletedDevices" -ClearSheet -AutoSize -FreezeTopRow -AutoFilter
        $DeviceData | Where-Object {$_.FreeSpaceGB -lt 20 -and $_.OSName -eq 'Windows'} |
            Select-Object * -ExcludeProperty Apps | Sort-Object DeviceName,Manufacturer,Model |
                Export-Excel -Path $xlFile -WorksheetName "LowDisk" -ClearSheet -AutoSize -FreezeTopRow -AutoFilter
        $applist | 
            Sort-Object ProductName |
                Export-Excel -Path $xlFile -WorksheetName "IntuneApps" -ClearSheet -AutoSize -FreezeTopRow -AutoFilter
        if ($null -ne $applist2) {
            $applist2 | Sort-Object ProductName,ProductVersion |
                Export-Excel -Path $xlFile -WorksheetName "DistinctApps" -ClearSheet -AutoSize -FreezeTopRow -AutoFilter
        }

        Write-Host "Results saved to: $xlFile" -ForegroundColor Green
        $time2 = Get-Date
        $rt = New-TimeSpan -Start $time1 -End $time2
        Write-Host "total runtime: $($rt.Hours)`:$($rt.Minutes)`:$($rt.Seconds) (hh`:mm`:ss)" -ForegroundColor Cyan
        if ($Show) {
            Start-Process -FilePath "$xlFile"
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
    }
}

function Invoke-DsLogAnalyticsQuery {
    <#
    .DESCRIPTION
        Invokes a query against the Log Analtyics Query API.
 
    .PARAMETER WorkspaceName
        The name of the Workspace to query against.
 
    .PARAMETER SubscriptionId
        The ID of the Subscription this Workspace belongs to.
 
    .PARAMETER ResourceGroup
        The name of the Resource Group this Workspace belongs to.
 
    .PARAMETER Query
        The query to execute.
 
    .PARAMETER Timespan
        The timespan to execute the query against. This should be an ISO 8601 timespan.
 
    .PARAMETER IncludeTabularView
        If specified, the raw tabular view from the API will be included in the response.
 
    .PARAMETER IncludeStatistics
        If specified, query statistics will be included in the response.
 
    .PARAMETER IncludeRender
        If specified, rendering statistics will be included (useful when querying metrics).
 
    .PARAMETER ServerTimeout
        Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) for the server to wait while executing the query.
 
    .PARAMETER Environment
        Internal use only.
 
    .EXAMPLE
        Invoke-DsLogAnaltyicsQuery -WorkspaceName "ws123" `
            -SubscriptionId 12345678-abcd-efgh-4321-1234abcd5678 `
            -ResourceGroup "my-resourcegroup" `
            -Query "WaaSUpdateStatus | where NeedAttentionStatus==`"Missing multiple security updates`" | render table" `
            -CreateObjectView
 
    .NOTES
        NAME: Invoke-DsLogAnaltyicsQuery
        Adapted heavily from Eli Shlomo example at https://www.eshlomo.us/query-azure-log-analytics-data-with-powershell/
 
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Invoke-DsLogAnalyticsQuery.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)][string] $WorkspaceName,
        [parameter(Mandatory)][guid] $SubscriptionId,
        [parameter(Mandatory)][string] $ResourceGroup,
        [parameter(Mandatory)][string] $Query,
        [parameter()][string] $Timespan,
        [parameter()][switch] $IncludeTabularView,
        [parameter()][switch] $IncludeStatistics,
        [parameter()][switch] $IncludeRender,
        [parameter()][int] $ServerTimeout,
        [parameter()][string][ValidateSet("", "int", "aimon")] $Environment = ""
    )

    $ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"

    $accessToken = GetAccessToken
    $armhost = GetArmHost $environment
    $queryParams = @("api-version=$apiVersion")
    $queryParamString = [string]::Join("&", $queryParams)
    $uri = BuildUri $armHost $subscriptionId $resourceGroup $workspaceName $queryParamString

    $body = @{
        "query" = $query;
        "timespan" = $Timespan
    } | ConvertTo-Json

    $headers = GetHeaders $accessToken -IncludeStatistics:$IncludeStatistics -IncludeRender:$IncludeRender -ServerTimeout $ServerTimeout
    $response = Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing -Uri $uri -Body $body -ContentType "application/json" -Headers $headers -Method Post

    if ($response.StatusCode -ne 200 -and $response.StatusCode -ne 204) {
        $statusCode = $response.StatusCode
        $reasonPhrase = $response.StatusDescription
        $message = $response.Content
        throw "Failed to execute query.`nStatus Code: $statusCode`nReason: $reasonPhrase`nMessage: $message"
    }

    $data = $response.Content | ConvertFrom-Json

    $result = New-Object PSObject
    $result | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Response -Value $response

    # In this case, we only need the response member set and we can bail out
    if ($response.StatusCode -eq 204) {
        $result
        return
    }

    $objectView = CreateObjectView $data

    $result | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Results -Value $objectView

    if ($IncludeTabularView) {
        $result | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Tables -Value $data.tables
    }

    if ($IncludeStatistics) {
        $result | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Statistics -Value $data.statistics
    }

    if ($IncludeRender) {
        $result | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name Render -Value $data.render
    }
    $result
}

function Invoke-DsExcelQuery {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Query Excel Workbook/WorkSheet using SQL statement
    .DESCRIPTION
        Same as above
    .PARAMETER FilePath
        Path and filename to .xlsx workbook file
    .PARAMETER Query
        SQL query statement
    .EXAMPLE
        $xlFile = "c:\myfiles\IntuneDeviceData.xlsx"
        $query = "select DeviceName,ProductName from [IntuneApps$] where ProductName='Crapware 2019'"
        $rows = Invoke-DsExcelQuery -FilePath $xlFile -Query $query
    .NOTES
        NAME: Invoke-DsExcelQuery
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Invoke-DsExcelQuery.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)][ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()][string] $FilePath,
        [parameter(Mandatory)][ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()][string] $Query
    )
    if (-not(Test-Path $FilePath)) {
        Write-Warning "file not found: $FilePath"
        break
    }
    try {
        $conn = New-Object System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection
        $cmd  = New-Object System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand

        $connstr = "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=$FilePath;Extended Properties='Excel 12.0 Xml;HDR=YES;'"
        $conn.ConnectionString = $connstr

        $conn.Open()
        #$conn.GetSchema("tables")
        $cmd.CommandText = $query
        $cmd.CommandType = "Text"
        $cmd.Connection = $conn

        $dataReader = $cmd.ExecuteReader()
        $result = @()
        while ($dataReader.Read()) {
            $columns = $($dataReader.GetSchemaTable()).ColumnName
            $row = New-Object PSObject
            foreach ($column in $columns) {
                $row | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name $column -Value $dataReader.item($column)
            }
            $result += $row
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
    }
    finally {
        $conn.Close()
        $result
    }
}

function Invoke-DsIntuneAppQuery {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Query DataSet for unique App installation counts
    .DESCRIPTION
        Filters instances of application installations by Name/Title only to determine
        unique installations by device. Some devices will report multiple instances of
        the same application, with different ProductVersion numbers. This function excludes
        duplicates to show one-per-device only.
    .PARAMETER AppDataSet
        Device data returned from Get-DsIntuneDeviceData(). If not provided, Get-DsIntuneDeviceData() is invoked automatically.
        Passing Device data to -DeviceData can save significant processing time.
    .PARAMETER ProductName
        Application Product name
    .EXAMPLE
        $devices = Get-DsIntuneDeviceData -UserName "john.doe@contoso.com"
        $applist = Get-DsIntuneDeviceApps -DataSet $devices
        $rows = Invoke-DsIntuneAppQuery -AppDataSet $applist -ProductName "Acme Crapware 19.20 64-bit"
    .NOTES
        NAME: Invoke-DsIntuneAppQuery
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Invoke-DsIntuneAppQuery.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [parameter(Mandatory)][ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] $AppDataSet,
        [parameter(Mandatory)][ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()][string] $ProductName
    )
    try {
        $result = ($AppDataSet | Select-Object ProductName,DeviceName | Where-Object {$_.ProductName -eq $ProductName} | Sort-Object ProductName,DeviceName -Unique)
    }
    catch {
        Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
    }
    finally {
        $result
    }
}

function Test-DsIntuneUpdate {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Compare installed module version with latest in PS Gallery
    .DESCRIPTION
        Compare installed module version with latest in PS Gallery
    .EXAMPLE
        Test-DsIntuneUpdate
    .NOTES
        NAME: Test-DsIntuneUpdate
    .LINK
        https://github.com/Skatterbrainz/ds-intune/blob/master/docs/Test-DsIntuneUpdate.md
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param()
    try {
        $chkver = (Find-Module "ds-intune").Version
        $insver = ((Get-Module "ds-intune" | Sort-Object version -Descending).Version)[0] -join '.'
        if ($insver -lt $chkver) {
            Write-Warning "ds-intune $insver is installed. Latest version is $chkver. Use Update-Module ds-intune to update."
        }
        else {
            Write-Host "ds-intune $insver is installed. Latest version is $chkver." -ForegroundColor Green
        }
    }
    catch {
        Write-Host "(ds-intune) unable to check for module updates."
        Write-Error $_.Exception.Message
    }
}

#Test-DsIntuneUpdate