dbatools

1.1.146

functions/New-DbaDbUser.ps1

                                function New-DbaDbUser {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

        Creates a new user for the specified database.

    .DESCRIPTION

        Creates a new user for a specified database with provided specifications.

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance

        The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to the default instance on localhost.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential

        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Accepts PowerShell credentials (Get-Credential).

        Windows Authentication, SQL Server Authentication, Active Directory - Password, and Active Directory - Integrated are all supported.

        For MFA support, please use Connect-DbaInstance.

    .PARAMETER Database

        Specifies the database(s) to process. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all user databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase

        Specifies the database(s) to exclude from processing. Options for this list are auto-populated from the server. By default, system databases are excluded.

    .PARAMETER IncludeSystem

        If this switch is enabled, the user will be added to system databases. This switch will be ignored if -Database is used.

    .PARAMETER Login

        When specified, the user will be associated to this SQL login and have the same name as the Login.

    .PARAMETER Username

        When specified, the user will have this name.

    .PARAMETER DefaultSchema

        The default database schema for the user. If not specified this value will default to dbo.

    .PARAMETER ExternalProvider

        Specifies that the user is for Azure AD Authentication.

        Equivalent to T-SQL: 'CREATE USER [claudio@********.onmicrosoft.com] FROM EXTERNAL PROVIDER`

    .PARAMETER Force

        If user exists, drop and recreate.

    .PARAMETER WhatIf

        If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run.

    .PARAMETER Confirm

        If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state.

    .PARAMETER EnableException

        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES

        Tags: Database, User

        Author: Frank Henninger (@osiris687) | Andreas Jordan (@JordanOrdix), ordix.de

        Website: https://dbatools.io

        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT

        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK

        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDbUser

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Login user1

        Creates a new sql user with login named user1 in the specified database.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Username user1

        Creates a new sql user without login named user1 in the specified database.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Login Login1 -Username user1

        Creates a new sql user named user1 mapped to Login1 in the specified database.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Login Login1 -Username user1 -DefaultSchema schema1

        Creates a new sql user named user1 mapped to Login1 in the specified database and specifies the default schema to be schema1.

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance sqlserver2014 -Database DB1 -Username "claudio@********.onmicrosoft.com" -ExternalProvider

        Creates a new sql user named 'claudio@********.onmicrosoft.com' mapped to Azure Active Directory (AAD) in the specified database.

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Medium")]

    param(

        [parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1)]

        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,

        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,

        [string[]]$Database,

        [string[]]$ExcludeDatabase,

        [switch]$IncludeSystem,

        [string]$Login,

        [string]$Username = $Login,

        [string]$DefaultSchema = 'dbo',

        [switch]$ExternalProvider,

        [switch]$Force,

        [switch]$EnableException

    )

    begin {

        if ($Force) { $ConfirmPreference = 'none' }

        function Remove-User {

            param (

                [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.User]$User

            )

            if ($Force) {

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($User, "Dropping existing user $($User.Name) in the database $($User.Parent.Name) on $instance because -Force was used")) {

                    try {

                        $User.Drop()

                    } catch {

                        Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove existing user $($User.Name) in the database $($User.Parent.Name) on $instance, skipping." -Target $User -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

                    }

                }

            } else {

                Stop-Function -Message "User $($User.Name) already exists in the database $($User.Parent.Name) on $instance and -Force was not specified, skipping." -Target $User -Continue

            }

        }

    }

    process {

        if (-not $Login -and -not $Username) {

            Stop-Function -Message "One of -Login or -Username is needed."

            return

        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {

                $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential

            } catch {

                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue

            }

            # Does the given login exist?

            if ($Login) {

                $existingLogin = $server.Logins | Where-Object Name -eq $Login

                if (-not $existingLogin) {

                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid Login: $Login is not found on $instance, skipping." -Target $instance -Continue

                }

            }

            $databases = $server.Databases | Where-Object IsAccessible -eq $true

            if ($Database) {

                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -In $Database

            } else {

                if (-not $IncludeSystem) {

                    $databases = $databases | Where-Object IsSystemObject -ne $true

                }

            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {

                $databases = $databases | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeDatabase

            }

            foreach ($db in $databases) {

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Add user $Username to database $db on $instance"

                # Does a schema exist with the given name?

                $existingSchema = $db.Schemas | Where-Object Name -eq $DefaultSchema

                if (-not $existingSchema) {

                    Stop-Function -Message "Invalid DefaultSchema: $DefaultSchema is not found in the database $db on $instance, skipping." -Continue

                }

                # Does a user exist with the given name?

                $existingUser = $db.Users | Where-Object Name -eq $Username

                if ($existingUser) {

                    Remove-User -User $existingUser

                }

                if ($ExternalProvider) {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using UserType: External"

                    $userType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UserType]::External

                } elseif ($Login) {

                    # Does a user exist with same login?

                    $existingUser = $db.Users | Where-Object Login -eq $Login

                    if ($existingUser) {

                        Remove-User -User $existingUser

                    }

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using UserType: SqlLogin"

                    $userType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UserType]::SqlLogin

                } else {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Using UserType: NoLogin"

                    $userType = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.UserType]::NoLogin

                }

                if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($db, "Creating user $Username")) {

                    try {

                        if ($ExternalProvider) {

                            # Due to a bug at the time of writing, the user is created using T-SQL

                            # More info at: https://github.com/microsoft/sqlmanagementobjects/issues/112

                            $sql = "CREATE USER [$Username] FROM EXTERNAL PROVIDER WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = [$DefaultSchema]"

                            $db.Query($sql)

                            # Refresh the user list otherwise won't appear in the list

                            $db.Users.Refresh()

                        } else {

                            $smoUser = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.User

                            $smoUser.Parent = $db

                            $smoUser.Name = $Username

                            $smoUser.Login = $Login

                            $smoUser.UserType = $userType

                            $smoUser.DefaultSchema = $DefaultSchema

                            $smoUser.Create()

                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $Username in $db to $instance."

                        # Display Results

                        Get-DbaDbUser -SqlInstance $server -Database $db.Name -User $Username

                    } catch {

                        Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add user $Username in $db to $instance" -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

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