dbatools

1.1.131

functions/Start-DbaDbEncryption.ps1

                                function Start-DbaDbEncryption {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

        Combo command that encrypts all instances on a database and backs up all keys and certs

    .DESCRIPTION

        Combo command that encrypts all instances on a database and backs up all keys and certs

        * Ensures a database master key exists in the master database and backs it up

        * Ensures a database certificate or asymmetric key exists in the master database and backs it up

        * Creates a database encryption key in the target database and backs it up

        * Enables database encryption on the target database and backs it up

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance

        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential

        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Accepts PowerShell credentials (Get-Credential).

        Windows Authentication, SQL Server Authentication, Active Directory - Password, and Active Directory - Integrated are all supported.

        For MFA support, please use Connect-DbaInstance.

    .PARAMETER Database

        The database or databases that will be encrypted

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase

        The database or databases that will not be encrypted

    .PARAMETER EncryptorName

        The name of the encryptor (Certificate or Asymmetric Key) in master that will be used. Tries to find one if one is not specified.

        In order to encrypt the database encryption key with an asymmetric key, you must use an asymmetric key that resides on an extensible key management provider.

    .PARAMETER EncryptorType

        Type of Encryptor - either Asymmetric or Certificate

    .PARAMETER MasterKeySecurePassword

        A master service key will be created and backed up if one does not exist

        MasterKeySecurePassword is the secure string (password) used to create the key

        This parameter is required even if no master keys are made, as we won't know if master key creation will be required until each server is processed

    .PARAMETER BackupSecurePassword

        This command will perform backups of all maskter keys and certificates. Use this parameter to set the backup password

    .PARAMETER BackupPath

        The path (accessible by and relative to the SQL Server) where master keys and certificates are backed up

    .PARAMETER AllUserDatabases

        Run command against all user databases

        This was added to emphasize that all user databases will be encrypted

    .PARAMETER CertificateSubject

        Optional subject that will be used when creating all certificates

    .PARAMETER CertificateStartDate

        Optional start date that will be used when creating all certificates

        By default, certs will start immediately

    .PARAMETER CertificateExpirationDate

        Optional expiration that will be used when creating all certificates

        By default, certs will last 5 years

    .PARAMETER CertificateActiveForServiceBrokerDialog

        Microsoft has not provided a description so we can only assume the cert is active for service broker dialog

    .PARAMETER InputObject

        Enables piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed.

    .PARAMETER Confirm

        Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command.

    .PARAMETER EnableException

        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES

        Tags: Certificate, Security

        Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net

        Website: https://dbatools.io

        Copyright: (c) 2022 by dbatools, licensed under MIT

        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK

        https://dbatools.io/Start-DbaDbEncryption

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> $masterkeypass = (Get-Credential justneedpassword).Password

        PS C:\> $certbackuppass = (Get-Credential justneedpassword).Password

        PS C:\> $params = @{

        >>      SqlInstance             = "sql01"

        >>      AllUserDatabases        = $true

        >>      MasterKeySecurePassword = $masterkeypass

        >>      BackupSecurePassword    = $certbackuppass

        >>      BackupPath              = "C:\temp"

        >>      EnableException         = $true

        >>  }

        PS C:\> Start-DbaDbEncryption @params

        Prompts for two passwords (the username doesn't matter, this is just an easy & secure way to get a secure password)

        Then encrypts all user databases on sql01, creating master keys and certificates as needed, and backing all of them up to C:\temp, securing them with the password set in $certbackuppass

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")]

    param (

        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,

        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,

        [string]$EncryptorName,

        [ValidateSet("AsymmetricKey", "Certificate")]

        [string]$EncryptorType = "Certificate",

        [string[]]$Database,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]

        [string]$BackupPath,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]

        [Security.SecureString]$MasterKeySecurePassword,

        [string]$CertificateSubject,

        [datetime]$CertificateStartDate = (Get-Date),

        [datetime]$CertificateExpirationDate = (Get-Date).AddYears(5),

        [switch]$CertificateActiveForServiceBrokerDialog,

        [Parameter(Mandatory)]

        [Security.SecureString]$BackupSecurePassword,

        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]

        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,

        [switch]$AllUserDatabases,

        [switch]$EnableException

    )

    process {

        if (-not $SqlInstance -and -not $InputObject) {

            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify either SqlInstance or pipe in an InputObject from Get-DbaDatabase"

            return

        }

        if ($SqlInstance) {

            if (-not $Database -and -not $ExcludeDatabase -and -not $AllUserDatabases) {

                Stop-Function -Message "You must specify Database, ExcludeDatabase or AllUserDatabases when using SqlInstance"

                return

            }

            # all does not need to be addressed in the code because it gets all the dbs if $databases is empty

            $param = @{

                SqlInstance     = $SqlInstance

                SqlCredential   = $SqlCredential

                Database        = $Database

                ExcludeDatabase = $ExcludeDatabase

            }

            $InputObject += Get-DbaDatabase @param | Where-Object Name -NotIn 'master', 'model', 'tempdb', 'msdb', 'resource'

        }

        $PSDefaultParameterValues["Connect-DbaInstance:Verbose"] = $false

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {

            try {

                # Just in case they use inputobject + exclude

                if ($db.Name -in $ExcludeDatabase) { continue }

                $server = $db.Parent

                # refresh in case we have a stale database

                $null = $db.Refresh()

                $null = $server.Refresh()

                $servername = $server.Name

                $dbname = $db.Name

                if ($db.EncryptionEnabled) {

                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $($db.Name) on $($server.Name) is already encrypted"

                    continue

                }

                # before doing anything, see if the master cert is in order

                if ($EncryptorName) {

                    $mastercert = Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $server -Database master | Where-Object Name -eq $EncryptorName

                } else {

                    $mastercert = Get-DbaDbCertificate -SqlInstance $server -Database master | Where-Object Name -NotMatch "##"

                }

                if ($EncryptorName -and -not $mastercert) {

                    Stop-Function -Message "EncryptorName specified but no matching certificate found on $($server.Name)" -Continue

                }

                if ($mastercert.Count -gt 1) {

                    Stop-Function -Message "More than one certificate found on $($server.Name), please specify an EncryptorName" -Continue

                }

                $stepCounter = 0

                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Processing $($db.Name)"

            } catch {

                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

            }

            try {

                # Ensure a database master key exists in the master database

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Ensure a database master key exists in the master database for $($server.Name)"

                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Ensure a database master key exists in the master database for $($server.Name)"

                $masterkey = Get-DbaDbMasterKey -SqlInstance $server -Database master

                if (-not $masterkey) {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "master key not found, creating one"

                    $params = @{

                        SqlInstance     = $server

                        SecurePassword  = $MasterKeySecurePassword

                        EnableException = $true

                    }

                    $masterkey = New-DbaServiceMasterKey @params

                }

                $null = $db.Refresh()

                $null = $server.Refresh()

                $dbmasterkeytest = Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance $server -Path $BackupPath | Where-Object FileName -match "$servername-master"

                if (-not $dbmasterkeytest) {

                    # has to be repeated in the event databases are piped in

                    $params = @{

                        SqlInstance     = $server

                        Database        = "master"

                        Path            = $BackupPath

                        EnableException = $true

                        SecurePassword  = $BackupSecurePassword

                    }

                    $null = $server.Databases["master"].Refresh()

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backing up master key on $($server.Name)"

                    $null = Backup-DbaDbMasterKey @params

                }

            } catch {

                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

            }

            try {

                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Processing EncryptorType for $($db.Name) on $($server.Name)"

                if ($EncryptorType -eq "Certificate") {

                    if (-not $mastercert) {

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "master cert not found, creating one"

                        $params = @{

                            SqlInstance                  = $server

                            Database                     = "master"

                            StartDate                    = $CertificateStartDate

                            ExpirationDate               = $CertificateExpirationDate

                            ActiveForServiceBrokerDialog = $CertificateActiveForServiceBrokerDialog

                            EnableException              = $true

                        }

                        if ($CertificateSubject) {

                            $params.Subject = $CertificateSubject

                        }

                        $mastercert = New-DbaDbCertificate @params

                    } else {

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "master cert found on $($server.Name)"

                    }

                    $null = $db.Refresh()

                    $null = $server.Refresh()

                    $mastercerttest = Get-DbaFile -SqlInstance $server -Path $BackupPath | Where-Object FileName -match "$($mastercert.Name).cer"

                    if (-not $mastercerttest) {

                        # Back up certificate

                        $null = $server.Databases["master"].Refresh()

                        $params = @{

                            SqlInstance        = $server

                            Database           = "master"

                            Certificate        = $mastercert.Name

                            Path               = $BackupPath

                            EnableException    = $true

                            EncryptionPassword = $BackupSecurePassword

                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backing up master certificate on $($server.Name)"

                        $null = Backup-DbaDbCertificate @params

                    }

                    if (-not $EncryptorName) {

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting EncryptorName from master cert on $($server.Name)"

                        $EncryptorName = $mastercert.Name

                    }

                } else {

                    $masterasym = Get-DbaDbAsymmetricKey -SqlInstance $server -Database master

                    if (-not $masterasym) {

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Asymmetric key not found, creating one for master on $($server.Name)"

                        $params = @{

                            SqlInstance     = $server

                            Database        = "master"

                            EnableException = $true

                        }

                        $masterasym = New-DbaDbAsymmetricKey @params

                        $null = $server.Refresh()

                        $null = $server.Databases["master"].Refresh()

                    } else {

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "master asymmetric key found on $($server.Name)"

                    }

                    if (-not $EncryptorName) {

                        Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting EncryptorName from master asymmetric key"

                        $EncryptorName = $masterasym.Name

                    }

                }

            } catch {

                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

            }

            try {

                # Create a database encryption key in the target database

                # Enable database encryption on the target database

                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Creating database encryption key in $($db.Name) on $($server.Name)"

                if ($db.HasDatabaseEncryptionKey) {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($db.Name) on $($db.Parent.Name) already has a database encryption key"

                } else {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating new encryption key for $($db.Name) on $($server.Name) with EncryptorName $EncryptorName"

                    $null = $db | New-DbaDbEncryptionKey -EncryptorName $EncryptorName -EnableException

                }

                Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepCounter++) -Message "Enabling database encryption in $($db.Name) on $($server.Name)"

                Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Enabling encryption for $($db.Name) on $($server.Name) using $EncryptorType $EncryptorName"

                $db | Enable-DbaDbEncryption -EncryptorName $EncryptorName

            } catch {

                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue

            }

        }

    }

}

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