dbatools

1.1.113

functions/New-DbaDbSnapshot.ps1

                                function New-DbaDbSnapshot {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

        Creates database snapshots

    .DESCRIPTION

        Creates database snapshots without hassles

    .PARAMETER SqlInstance

        The target SQL Server instance or instances.

    .PARAMETER SqlCredential

        Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Accepts PowerShell credentials (Get-Credential).

        Windows Authentication, SQL Server Authentication, Active Directory - Password, and Active Directory - Integrated are all supported.

        For MFA support, please use Connect-DbaInstance.

    .PARAMETER AllDatabases

        Creates snapshot for all eligible databases

    .PARAMETER Database

        The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed.

    .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase

        The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server

    .PARAMETER WhatIf

        Shows what would happen if the command were to run

    .PARAMETER Confirm

        Prompts for confirmation of every step.

    .PARAMETER Name

        The specific snapshot name you want to create. Works only if you target a single database. If you need to create multiple snapshot,

        you must use the NameSuffix parameter

    .PARAMETER NameSuffix

        When you pass a simple string, it'll be appended to use it to build the name of the snapshot. By default snapshots are created with yyyyMMdd_HHmmss suffix

        You can also pass a standard placeholder, in which case it'll be interpolated (e.g. '{0}' gets replaced with the database name)

    .PARAMETER Path

        Snapshot files will be created here (by default the file structure will be created in the same folder as the base db)

    .PARAMETER InputObject

        Allows Piping from Get-DbaDatabase

    .PARAMETER Force

        Databases with Filestream FG can be snapshotted, but the Filestream FG is marked offline

        in the snapshot. To create a "partial" snapshot, you need to pass -Force explicitly

        NB: You can't then restore the Database from the newly-created snapshot.

        For details, check https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb895334.aspx

    .PARAMETER EnableException

        By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message.

        This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting.

        Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch.

    .NOTES

        Tags: Snapshot, Restore, Database

        Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold)

        Website: https://dbatools.io

        Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT

        License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT

    .LINK

        https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDbSnapshot

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting

        Creates snapshot for HR and Accounting, returning a custom object displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated, PrimaryFilePath, Status, Notes

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Name HR_snap

        Creates snapshot named "HR_snap" for HR

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -NameSuffix 'fool_{0}_snap'

        Creates snapshot named "fool_HR_snap" for HR

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> New-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting -Path F:\snapshotpath

        Creates snapshots for HR and Accounting databases, storing files under the F:\snapshotpath\ dir

    .EXAMPLE

        PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -Database df | New-DbaDbSnapshot

        Creates a snapshot for the database df on sql2016

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Medium")]

    param (

        [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance,

        [PSCredential]$SqlCredential,

        [object[]]$Database,

        [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase,

        [switch]$AllDatabases,

        [string]$Name,

        [string]$NameSuffix,

        [string]$Path,

        [switch]$Force,

        [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)]

        [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database[]]$InputObject,

        [switch]$EnableException

    )

    begin {

        if ($Force) { $ConfirmPreference = 'none' }

        $NoSupportForSnap = @('model', 'master', 'tempdb')

        # Evaluate the default suffix here for naming consistency

        $DefaultSuffix = (Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss")

        if ($NameSuffix.Length -gt 0) {

            #Validate if Name can be interpolated

            try {

                $null = $NameSuffix -f 'some_string'

            } catch {

                Stop-Function -Message "NameSuffix parameter must be a template only containing one parameter {0}" -ErrorRecord $_

            }

        }

        function Resolve-SnapshotError($server) {

            $errHelp = ''

            $CurrentEdition = $server.Edition.ToLowerInvariant()

            $CurrentVersion = $server.Version.Major * 1000000 + $server.Version.Minor * 10000 + $server.Version.Build

            if ($server.Version.Major -lt 9) {

                $errHelp = 'Not supported before 2005'

            }

            if ($CurrentVersion -lt 12002000 -and $errHelp.Length -eq 0) {

                if ($CurrentEdition -notmatch '.*enterprise.*|.*developer.*|.*datacenter.*') {

                    $errHelp = 'Supported only for Enterprise, Developer or Datacenter editions'

                }

            }

            $message = ""

            if ($errHelp.Length -gt 0) {

                $message += "Please make sure your version supports snapshots : ($errHelp)"

            } else {

                $message += "This module can't tell you why the snapshot creation failed. Feel free to report back to dbatools what happened"

            }

            Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $message

        }

    }

    process {

        if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return }

        if (-not $InputObject -and -not $Database -and $AllDatabases -eq $false) {

            Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue" -EnableException $EnableException

            return

        }

        foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) {

            try {

                $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9

            } catch {

                Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue

            }

            #Checks for path existence, left the length test because test-bound wasn't working for some reason

            if ($Path.Length -gt 0) {

                if (!(Test-DbaPath -SqlInstance $server -Path $Path)) {

                    Stop-Function -Message "$instance cannot access the directory $Path" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue -EnableException $EnableException

                }

            }

            if ($AllDatabases) {

                $dbs = $server.Databases

            }

            if ($Database) {

                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name }

            }

            if ($ExcludeDatabase) {

                $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name }

            }

            ## double check for gotchas

            foreach ($db in $dbs) {

                if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled) {

                    $InputObject += $db

                } elseif ($db.IsDatabaseSnapshot) {

                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($db.name) is a snapshot, skipping"

                } elseif ($db.name -in $NoSupportForSnap) {

                    Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($db.name) snapshots are prohibited"

                } elseif ($db.IsAccessible -ne $true) {

                    Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($db.name) is not accessible, skipping"

                } else {

                    $InputObject += $db

                }

            }

            if ($InputObject.Count -gt 1 -and $Name) {

                Stop-Function -Message "You passed the Name parameter that is fixed but selected multiple databases to snapshot: use the NameSuffix parameter" -Continue -EnableException $EnableException

            }

        }

        foreach ($db in $InputObject) {

            $server = $db.Parent

            # In case stuff is piped in

            if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) {

                Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server version 9 required - $server not supported" -Continue

            }

            if ($NameSuffix.Length -gt 0) {

                $SnapName = $NameSuffix -f $db.Name

                if ($SnapName -eq $NameSuffix) {

                    #no interpolation, just append

                    $SnapName = '{0}{1}' -f $db.Name, $NameSuffix

                }

            } elseif ($Name.Length -gt 0) {

                $SnapName = $Name

            } else {

                $SnapName = "{0}_{1}" -f $db.Name, $DefaultSuffix

            }

            if ($SnapName -in $server.Databases.Name) {

                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "A database named $SnapName already exists, skipping"

                continue

            }

            $all_FSD = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup'

            $all_MMO = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'MemoryOptimizedDataFileGroup'

            $has_FSD = $all_FSD.Count -gt 0

            $has_MMO = $all_MMO.Count -gt 0

            if ($has_MMO) {

                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA detected, snapshots are not possible"

                continue

            }

            if ($has_FSD -and $Force -eq $false) {

                Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Filestream detected, skipping. You need to specify -Force. See Get-Help for details"

                continue

            }

            $snapType = "db snapshot"

            if ($has_FSD) {

                $snapType = "partial db snapshot"

            }

            If ($PSCmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Create $snapType $SnapName of $($db.Name)")) {

                $CustomFileStructure = @{ }

                $counter = 0

                foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups) {

                    $CustomFileStructure[$fg.Name] = @()

                    if ($fg.FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup') {

                        Continue

                    }

                    foreach ($file in $fg.Files) {

                        $counter += 1

                        # Linux can't handle windows paths, so split it

                        $basename = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension((Split-Path $file.FileName -Leaf))

                        $basePath = Split-Path $file.FileName -Parent

                        # change path if specified

                        if ($Path.Length -gt 0) {

                            $basePath = $Path

                        }

                        # we need to avoid cases where basename is the same for multiple FG

                        $fName = [IO.Path]::Combine($basePath, ("{0}_{1}_{2:0000}_{3:000}" -f $basename, $DefaultSuffix, (Get-Date).MilliSecond, $counter))

                        # fixed extension is hardcoded as "ss", which seems a "de-facto" standard

                        $fName = [IO.Path]::ChangeExtension($fName, "ss")

                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message "$fName"

                        # change slashes for Linux, change slashes for Windows

                        if ($server.HostPlatform -eq 'Linux') {

                            $fName = $fName.Replace("\", "/")

                        } else {

                            $fName = $fName.Replace("/", "\")

                        }

                        $CustomFileStructure[$fg.Name] += @{ 'name' = $file.name; 'filename' = $fName }

                    }

                }

                $SnapDB = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database -ArgumentList $server, $SnapName

                $SnapDB.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName = $db.Name

                foreach ($fg in $CustomFileStructure.Keys) {

                    $SnapFG = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.FileGroup $SnapDB, $fg

                    $SnapDB.FileGroups.Add($SnapFG)

                    foreach ($file in $CustomFileStructure[$fg]) {

                        $SnapFile = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DataFile $SnapFG, $file['name'], $file['filename']

                        $SnapDB.FileGroups[$fg].Files.Add($SnapFile)

                    }

                }

                # we're ready to issue a Create, but SMO is a little uncooperative here

                # there are cases we can manage and others we can't, and we need all the

                # info we can get both from testers and from users

                $sql = $SnapDB.Script()

                try {

                    $SnapDB.Create()

                    $server.Databases.Refresh()

                    Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server -Snapshot $SnapName

                } catch {

                    try {

                        $server.Databases.Refresh()

                        if ($SnapName -notin $server.Databases.Name) {

                            # previous creation failed completely, snapshot is not there already

                            $null = $server.Query($sql[0])

                            $server.Databases.Refresh()

                            $SnapDB = Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server -Snapshot $SnapName

                        } else {

                            $SnapDB = Get-DbaDbSnapshot -SqlInstance $server -Snapshot $SnapName

                        }

                        $Notes = @()

                        if ($db.ReadOnly -eq $true) {

                            $Notes += 'SMO is probably trying to set a property on a read-only snapshot, run with -Debug to find out and report back'

                        }

                        if ($has_FSD) {

                            #Variable marked as unused by PSScriptAnalyzer

                            #$Status = 'Partial'

                            $Notes += 'Filestream groups are not viable for snapshot'

                        }

                        $Notes = $Notes -Join ';'

                        $hints = @("Executing these commands led to a partial failure")

                        foreach ($stmt in $sql) {

                            $hints += $stmt

                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message ($hints -Join "`n")

                        $SnapDB

                    } catch {

                        # Resolve-SnapshotError $server

                        $hints = @("Executing these commands led to a failure")

                        foreach ($stmt in $sql) {

                            $hints += $stmt

                        }

                        Write-Message -Level Debug -Message ($hints -Join "`n")

                        Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $SnapDB -Continue

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

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