functions/Set-DbaDbState.ps1
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function Set-DbaDbState { <# .SYNOPSIS Sets various options for databases, hereby called "states" .DESCRIPTION Sets some common "states" on databases: - "RW" options (ReadOnly, ReadWrite) - "Status" options (Online, Offline, Emergency, plus a special "Detached") - "Access" options (SingleUser, RestrictedUser, MultiUser) Returns an object with SqlInstance, Database, RW, Status, Access, Notes Notes gets filled when something went wrong setting the state .PARAMETER SqlInstance The target SQL Server instance or instances .PARAMETER SqlCredential Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Accepts PowerShell credentials (Get-Credential). Windows Authentication, SQL Server Authentication, Active Directory - Password, and Active Directory - Integrated are all supported. For MFA support, please use Connect-DbaInstance. .PARAMETER Database The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. if unspecified, all databases will be processed. .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server .PARAMETER AllDatabases This is a parameter that was included for safety, so you don't accidentally set options on all databases without specifying .PARAMETER ReadOnly RW Option : Sets the database as READ_ONLY .PARAMETER ReadWrite RW Option : Sets the database as READ_WRITE .PARAMETER Online Status Option : Sets the database as ONLINE .PARAMETER Offline Status Option : Sets the database as OFFLINE .PARAMETER Emergency Status Option : Sets the database as EMERGENCY .PARAMETER Detached Status Option : Detaches the database .PARAMETER SingleUser Access Option : Sets the database as SINGLE_USER .PARAMETER RestrictedUser Access Option : Sets the database as RESTRICTED_USER .PARAMETER MultiUser Access Option : Sets the database as MULTI_USER .PARAMETER WhatIf Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed. .PARAMETER Confirm Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command. .PARAMETER Force For most options, this translates to instantly rolling back any open transactions that may be stopping the process. For -Detached it is required to break mirroring and Availability Groups .PARAMETER EnableException By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch. .PARAMETER InputObject Accepts piped database objects .NOTES Tags: Database, State Author: Simone Bizzotto (@niphold) Website: https://dbatools.io Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT .LINK https://dbatools.io/Set-DbaDbState .EXAMPLE PS C:\> Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Offline Sets the HR database as OFFLINE .EXAMPLE PS C:\> Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -AllDatabases -Exclude HR -ReadOnly -Force Sets all databases of the sqlserver2014a instance, except for HR, as READ_ONLY .EXAMPLE PS C:\> Get-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sql2016 | Where-Object Status -eq 'Offline' | Set-DbaDbState -Online Finds all offline databases and sets them to online .EXAMPLE PS C:\> Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -SingleUser Sets the HR database as SINGLE_USER .EXAMPLE PS C:\> Set-DbaDbState -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -SingleUser -Force Sets the HR database as SINGLE_USER, dropping all other connections (and rolling back open transactions) .EXAMPLE PS C:\> Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR | Set-DbaDbState -SingleUser -Force Gets the databases from Get-DbaDatabase, and sets them as SINGLE_USER, dropping all other connections (and rolling back open transactions) #> [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "Medium")] param ( [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName, ParameterSetName = "Server")] [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance, [PSCredential] $SqlCredential, [object[]]$Database, [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase, [switch]$AllDatabases, [switch]$ReadOnly, [switch]$ReadWrite, [switch]$Online, [switch]$Offline, [switch]$Emergency, [switch]$Detached, [switch]$SingleUser, [switch]$RestrictedUser, [switch]$MultiUser, [switch]$Force, [switch]$EnableException, [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = "Database")] [PsCustomObject[]]$InputObject ) begin { if ($Force) {$ConfirmPreference = 'none'} function Get-WrongCombo($optset, $allparams) { $x = 0 foreach ($opt in $optset) { if ($allparams.ContainsKey($opt)) { $x += 1 } } if ($x -gt 1) { $msg = $optset -Join ',-' $msg = "You can only specify one of: -" + $msg throw $msg } } function Edit-DatabaseState($sqlinstance, $dbname, $opt, $immediate = $false) { $warn = $null $sql = "ALTER DATABASE [$dbname] SET $opt" if ($immediate) { $sql += " WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE" } else { $sql += " WITH NO_WAIT" } try { Write-Message -Level System -Message $sql if ($immediate) { # this can be helpful only for SINGLE_USER databases # but since $immediate is called, it does no more harm # than the immediate rollback $sqlinstance.KillAllProcesses($dbname) } $null = $sqlinstance.Query($sql) } catch { $warn = "Failed to set '$dbname' to $opt" Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $warn } return $warn } $StatusHash = @{ 'Offline' = 'OFFLINE' 'Normal' = 'ONLINE' 'EmergencyMode' = 'EMERGENCY' } function Get-DbState($databaseName, $dbStatuses) { $base = $dbStatuses | Where-Object DatabaseName -ceq $databaseName foreach ($status in $StatusHash.Keys) { if ($base.Status -match $status) { $base.Status = $StatusHash[$status] break } } return $base } $RWExclusive = @('ReadOnly', 'ReadWrite') $StatusExclusive = @('Online', 'Offline', 'Emergency', 'Detached') $AccessExclusive = @('SingleUser', 'RestrictedUser', 'MultiUser') $allparams = $PSBoundParameters try { Get-WrongCombo -optset $RWExclusive -allparams $allparams } catch { Stop-Function -Message $_ return } try { Get-WrongCombo -optset $StatusExclusive -allparams $allparams } catch { Stop-Function -Message $_ return } try { Get-WrongCombo -optset $AccessExclusive -allparams $allparams } catch { Stop-Function -Message $_ return } } process { if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return } $dbs = @() if (!$Database -and !$AllDatabases -and !$InputObject -and !$ExcludeDatabase) { Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue" return } if ($InputObject) { if ($InputObject.Database) { # comes from Get-DbaDbState $dbs += $InputObject.Database } elseif ($InputObject.Name) { # comes from Get-DbaDatabase $dbs += $InputObject } } else { foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) { try { $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Error occurred while establishing connection to $instance" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } $all_dbs = $server.Databases $dbs += $all_dbs | Where-Object { @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution') -notcontains $_.Name } if ($database) { $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $database -contains $_.Name } } if ($ExcludeDatabase) { $dbs = $dbs | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name } } } } # need to pick up here foreach ($db in $dbs) { if ($db.Name -in @('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb', 'distribution')) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is a system one, skipping" Continue } $dbStatuses = @{} $server = $db.Parent if ($server -notin $dbStatuses.Keys) { $dbStatuses[$server] = Get-DbaDbState -SqlInstance $server } # normalizing properties returned by SMO to something more "fixed" $db_status = Get-DbState -DatabaseName $db.Name -dbStatuses $dbStatuses[$server] $warn = @() if ($db.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName.Length -gt 0) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db is a snapshot, skipping" Continue } if ($ReadOnly -eq $true) { if ($db_status.RW -eq 'READ_ONLY') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already READ_ONLY" } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to READ_ONLY")) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to READ_ONLY" $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "READ_ONLY" -immediate $Force $warn += $partial if (!$partial) { $db_status.RW = 'READ_ONLY' } } } } if ($ReadWrite -eq $true) { if ($db_status.RW -eq 'READ_WRITE') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already READ_WRITE" } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to READ_WRITE")) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to READ_WRITE" $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "READ_WRITE" -immediate $Force $warn += $partial if (!$partial) { $db_status.RW = 'READ_WRITE' } } } } if ($Online -eq $true) { if ($db_status.Status -eq 'ONLINE') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already ONLINE" } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to ONLINE")) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to ONLINE" $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "ONLINE" -immediate $Force $warn += $partial if (!$partial) { $db_status.Status = 'ONLINE' } } } } if ($Offline -eq $true) { if ($db_status.Status -eq 'OFFLINE') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already OFFLINE" } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to OFFLINE")) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to OFFLINE" $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "OFFLINE" -immediate $Force $warn += $partial if (!$partial) { $db_status.Status = 'OFFLINE' } } } } if ($Emergency -eq $true) { if ($db_status.Status -eq 'EMERGENCY') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already EMERGENCY" } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to EMERGENCY")) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting database $db to EMERGENCY" $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "EMERGENCY" -immediate $Force if (!$partial) { $db_status.Status = 'EMERGENCY' } } } } if ($SingleUser -eq $true) { if ($db_status.Access -eq 'SINGLE_USER') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already SINGLE_USER" } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to SINGLE_USER")) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to SINGLE_USER" $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "SINGLE_USER" -immediate $Force if (!$partial) { $db_status.Access = 'SINGLE_USER' } } } } if ($RestrictedUser -eq $true) { if ($db_status.Access -eq 'RESTRICTED_USER') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already RESTRICTED_USER" } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to RESTRICTED_USER")) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to RESTRICTED_USER" $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "RESTRICTED_USER" -immediate $Force if (!$partial) { $db_status.Access = 'RESTRICTED_USER' } } } } if ($MultiUser -eq $true) { if ($db_status.Access -eq 'MULTI_USER') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Database $db is already MULTI_USER" } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Set $db to MULTI_USER")) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $db to MULTI_USER" $partial = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "MULTI_USER" -immediate $Force if (!$partial) { $db_status.Access = 'MULTI_USER' } } } } if ($Detached -eq $true) { # Refresh info about database state here (before detaching) $db.Refresh() # we need to see what snaps are on the server, as base databases cannot be dropped $snaps = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName.Length -gt 0 } $snaps = $snaps.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName | Get-Unique if ($db.Name -in $snaps) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database $db has snapshots, you need to drop them before detaching, skipping..." Continue } if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled -eq $true -or $db.AvailabilityGroupName.Length -gt 0) { if ($Force -eq $false) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Needs -Force to detach $db, skipping" Continue } } if ($db.IsMirroringEnabled) { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Break mirroring for $db")) { try { $db.ChangeMirroringState([Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.MirroringOption]::Off) $db.Alter() $db.Refresh() Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Broke mirroring for $db" } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Could not break mirror for $db. Skipping." -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue } } } if ($db.AvailabilityGroupName) { $agname = $db.AvailabilityGroupName if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Removing $db from AG [$agname]")) { try { $server.AvailabilityGroups[$db.AvailabilityGroupName].AvailabilityDatabases[$db.Name].Drop() Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Successfully removed $db from AG [$agname] on $server" } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove $db from AG [$agname] on $server" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue } } } # DBA 101 should encourage detaching just OFFLINE databases # we can do that here if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server, "Detaching $db")) { if ($db_status.Status -ne 'OFFLINE') { $null = Edit-DatabaseState -sqlinstance $server -dbname $db.Name -opt "OFFLINE" -immediate $true } try { $sql = "EXEC master.dbo.sp_detach_db N'$($db.Name)'" Write-Message -Level System -Message $sql $null = $server.Query($sql) $db_status.Status = 'DETACHED' } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to detach $db" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $server -Continue $warn += "Failed to detach" } } } if ($warn) { $warn = $warn | Where-Object {$_} | Get-Unique $warn = $warn -Join ';' } else { $warn = $null } if ($Detached -eq $true) { [PSCustomObject]@{ ComputerName = $server.ComputerName InstanceName = $server.ServiceName SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName DatabaseName = $db.Name RW = $db_status.RW Status = $db_status.Status Access = $db_status.Access Notes = $warn Database = $db } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database } else { $db.Refresh() if ($null -eq $warn) { # we avoid reenumerating properties $newstate = $db_status } else { $newstate = Get-DbState -databaseName $db.Name -dbStatuses $dbStatuses[$server] } [PSCustomObject]@{ ComputerName = $server.ComputerName InstanceName = $server.ServiceName SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName DatabaseName = $db.Name RW = $newstate.RW Status = $newstate.Status Access = $newstate.Access Notes = $warn Database = $db } | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty Database } } } } |