functions/Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking.ps1
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function Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking { <# .SYNOPSIS Masks data by using randomized values determined by a configuration file and a randomizer framework .DESCRIPTION TMasks data by using randomized values determined by a configuration file and a randomizer framework It will use a configuration file that can be made manually or generated using New-DbaDbMaskingConfig Note that the following column and data types are not currently supported: Identity ForeignKey Computed Hierarchyid Geography Geometry Xml .PARAMETER SqlInstance The target SQL Server instance or instances. .PARAMETER SqlCredential Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential) .PARAMETER Database Databases to process through .PARAMETER Table Tables to process. By default all the tables will be processed .PARAMETER Column Columns to process. By default all the columns will be processed .PARAMETER FilePath Configuration file that contains the which tables and columns need to be masked .PARAMETER Query If you would like to mask only a subset of a table, use the Query parameter, otherwise all data will be masked. .PARAMETER Locale Set the local to enable certain settings in the masking .PARAMETER CharacterString The characters to use in string data. 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789' by default .PARAMETER ExcludeTable Exclude specific tables even if it's listed in the config file. .PARAMETER ExcludeColumn Exclude specific columns even if it's listed in the config file. .PARAMETER MaxValue Force a max length of strings instead of relying on datatype maxes. Note if a string datatype has a lower MaxValue, that will be used instead. Useful for adhoc updates and testing, otherwise, the config file should be used. .PARAMETER ModulusFactor Calculating the next nullable by using the remainder from the modulus. Default is every 10. .PARAMETER ExactLength Mask string values to the same length. So 'Tate' will be replaced with 4 random characters. .PARAMETER Force Forcefully execute commands when needed .PARAMETER WhatIf If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run. .PARAMETER Confirm If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state. .PARAMETER EnableException By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch. .NOTES Tags: DataMasking, Database Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl) | Chrissy LeMaire (@cl, netnerds.net) Website: https://dbatools.io Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT .LINK https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking .EXAMPLE Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking -SqlInstance SQLDB2 -Database DB1 -FilePath C:\Temp\sqldb1.db1.tables.json Apply the data masking configuration from the file "sqldb1.db1.tables.json" to the db1 database on sqldb2. Prompt for confirmation for each table. .EXAMPLE Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Temp\sqldb1.db1.tables.json | Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking -SqlInstance SQLDB2 -Database DB1 -Confirm:$false Apply the data masking configuration from the file "sqldb1.db1.tables.json" to the db1 database on sqldb2. Do not prompt for confirmation. .EXAMPLE New-DbaDbMaskingConfig -SqlInstance SQLDB1 -Database DB1 -Path C:\Temp\clone -OutVariable file $file | Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking -SqlInstance SQLDB2 -Database DB1 -Confirm:$false Create the data masking configuration file "sqldb1.db1.tables.json", then use it to mask the db1 database on sqldb2. Do not prompt for confirmation. .EXAMPLE Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Temp\sqldb1.db1.tables.json | Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking -SqlInstance SQLDB2, sqldb3 -Database DB1 -Confirm:$false See what would happen if you the data masking configuration from the file "sqldb1.db1.tables.json" to the db1 database on sqldb2 and sqldb3. Do not prompt for confirmation. #> [CmdLetBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")] param ( [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance, [PSCredential]$SqlCredential, [string[]]$Database, [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)] [Alias('Path', 'FullName')] [object]$FilePath, [string]$Locale = 'en', [string]$CharacterString = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789', [string[]]$Table, [string[]]$Column, [string[]]$ExcludeTable, [string[]]$ExcludeColumn, [string]$Query, [int]$MaxValue, [int]$ModulusFactor = 10, [switch]$ExactLength, [switch]$EnableException ) begin { $supportedDataTypes = 'bit', 'bool', 'char', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime2', 'decimal', 'int', 'money', 'nchar', 'ntext', 'nvarchar', 'smalldatetime', 'text', 'time', 'uniqueidentifier', 'userdefineddatatype', 'varchar' $supportedFakerMaskingTypes = Get-DbaRandomizedType | Select-Object Type -ExpandProperty Type -Unique $supportedFakerSubTypes = Get-DbaRandomizedType | Select-Object Subtype -ExpandProperty Subtype -Unique $supportedFakerSubTypes += "Date" } process { if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return } if ($FilePath.ToString().StartsWith('http')) { $tables = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $FilePath } else { # Check if the destination is accessible if (-not (Test-Path -Path $FilePath)) { Stop-Function -Message "Could not find masking config file $FilePath" -Target $FilePath return } # Get all the items that should be processed try { $tables = Get-Content -Path $FilePath -ErrorAction Stop | ConvertFrom-Json -ErrorAction Stop } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Could not parse masking config file" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $FilePath return } } foreach ($tabletest in $tables.Tables) { if ($Table -and $tabletest.Name -notin $Table) { continue } foreach ($columntest in $tabletest.Columns) { if ($columntest.ColumnType -in 'hierarchyid', 'geography', 'xml', 'geometry' -and $columntest.Name -notin $Column) { Stop-Function -Message "$($columntest.ColumnType) is not supported, please remove the column $($columntest.Name) from the $($tabletest.Name) table" -Target $tables -Continue } } } $dictionary = @{ } foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) { try { $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $sqlcredential -MinimumVersion 9 } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Error occurred while establishing connection to $instance" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } if (-not $Database) { $Database = $tables.Name } foreach ($dbname in $Database) { if ($server.VersionMajor -lt 9) { Stop-Function -Message "SQL Server version must be 2005 or greater" -Continue } $db = $server.Databases[$($dbName)] $connstring = New-DbaConnectionString -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Database $dbName $sqlconn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection $connstring $sqlconn.Open() $stepcounter = $nullmod = 0 foreach ($tableobject in $tables.Tables) { $uniqueValues = @() $uniqueValueColumns = @() if ($tableobject.Name -in $ExcludeTable) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $($tableobject.Name) because it is explicitly excluded" continue } if ($tableobject.Name -notin $db.Tables.Name) { Stop-Function -Message "Table $($tableobject.Name) is not present in $db" -Target $db -Continue } $dbTable = $db.Tables | Where-Object { $_.Schema -eq $tableobject.Schema -and $_.Name -eq $tableobject.Name } try { if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Query)) { $columnString = "[" + (($dbTable.Columns | Where-Object DataType -in $supportedDataTypes | Select-Object Name -ExpandProperty Name) -join "],[") + "]" $query = "SELECT $($columnString) FROM [$($tableobject.Schema)].[$($tableobject.Name)]" } $data = $db.Query($query) | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure retrieving the data from table $($tableobject.Name)" -Target $Database -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue } # Check if the table contains unique indexes if ($tableobject.HasUniqueIndex) { # Loop through the rows and generate a unique value for each row Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Generating unique values for $($tableobject.Name)" for ($i = 0; $i -lt $data.Rows.Count; $i++) { $rowValue = New-Object PSCustomObject # Loop through each of the unique indexes foreach ($index in ($db.Tables[$($tableobject.Name)].Indexes | Where-Object IsUnique -eq $true )) { # Loop through the index columns foreach ($indexColumn in $index.IndexedColumns) { if (-not $dbTable.Columns[$indexColumn.Name].Identity) { # Get the column mask info $columnMaskInfo = $tableobject.Columns | Where-Object Name -eq $indexColumn.Name if ($columnMaskInfo) { # Generate a new value try { if (-not $columnobject.SubType -and $columnobject.ColumnType -in $supportedDataTypes) { $newValue = Get-DbaRandomizedValue -DataType $columnMaskInfo.SubType -Min $columnMaskInfo.MinValue -Max $columnMaskInfo.MaxValue -Locale $Locale } else { $newValue = Get-DbaRandomizedValue -RandomizerType $columnMaskInfo.MaskingType -RandomizerSubtype $columnMaskInfo.SubType -Min $columnMaskInfo.MinValue -Max $columnMaskInfo.MaxValue -Locale $Locale } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $columnMaskInfo -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } # Check if the value is already present as a property if (($rowValue | Get-Member -MemberType NoteProperty).Name -notcontains $indexColumn.Name) { $rowValue | Add-Member -Name $indexColumn.Name -Type NoteProperty -Value $newValue } } # To be sure the values are unique, loop as long as long as needed to generate a unique value <# if ($uniqueValues.Count -ge 1) { #> while (($uniqueValues | Select-Object -Property ($rowValue | Get-Member -MemberType NoteProperty | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name)) -match $rowValue) { $rowValue = New-Object PSCustomObject # Loop through the index columns foreach ($indexColumn in $index.IndexedColumns) { # Get the column mask info $columnMaskInfo = $tableobject.Columns | Where-Object Name -eq $indexColumn.Name if ($columnMaskInfo) { # Generate a new value try { if (-not $columnobject.SubType -and $columnobject.ColumnType -in $supportedDataTypes) { $newValue = Get-DbaRandomizedValue -DataType $columnMaskInfo.SubType -Min $columnMaskInfo.MinValue -Max $columnMaskInfo.MaxValue -Locale $Locale } else { $newValue = Get-DbaRandomizedValue -RandomizerType $columnMaskInfo.MaskingType -RandomizerSubtype $columnMaskInfo.SubType -Min $columnMaskInfo.MinValue -Max $columnMaskInfo.MaxValue -Locale $Locale } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $columnMaskInfo -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } # Check if the value is already present as a property if (($rowValue | Get-Member -MemberType NoteProperty).Name -notcontains $indexColumn.Name) { $rowValue | Add-Member -Name $indexColumn.Name -Type NoteProperty -Value $newValue } } } # End for each index column } # End while loop <# } # End if unique value count #> } # End if identity # Add the row value to the array $uniqueValues += $rowValue } # End for each index column } # End for each index } # End for each data row } # End if had unique index $uniqueValueColumns = $uniqueValueColumns | Select-Object -Unique $deterministicColumns = $tables.Tables.Columns | Where-Object Deterministic -eq $true $tablecolumns = $tableobject.Columns if ($Column) { $tablecolumns = $tablecolumns | Where-Object Name -in $Column } if ($ExcludeColumn) { if ([string]$uniqueIndex.Columns -match ($ExcludeColumn -join "|")) { Stop-Function -Message "Column present in -ExcludeColumn cannot be excluded because it's part of an unique index" -Target $ExcludeColumn -Continue } $tablecolumns = $tablecolumns | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeColumn } if (-not $tablecolumns) { Write-Message -Level Verbose "No columns to process in $($dbName).$($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name), moving on" continue } if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Masking $($tablecolumns.Name -join ', ') in $($data.Rows.Count) rows in $($dbName).$($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name)")) { $transaction = $sqlconn.BeginTransaction() $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew() Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepcounter++) -TotalSteps $tables.Tables.Count -Activity "Masking data" -Message "Updating $($data.Rows.Count) rows in $($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name) in $($dbName) on $instance" # Loop through each of the rows and change them $rowNumber = 0 foreach ($row in $data.Rows) { $updates = $wheres = @() $newValue = $null foreach ($columnobject in $tablecolumns) { if ($columnobject.ColumnType -notin $supportedDataTypes) { Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported data type '$($columnobject.ColumnType)' for column $($columnobject.Name)" -Target $columnobject -Continue } if ($columnobject.MaskingType -notin $supportedFakerMaskingTypes) { Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported masking type '$($columnobject.MaskingType)' for column $($columnobject.Name)" -Target $columnobject -Continue } if ($columnobject.SubType -notin $supportedFakerSubTypes) { Stop-Function -Message "Unsupported masking sub type '$($columnobject.SubType)' for column $($columnobject.Name)" -Target $columnobject -Continue } if ($columnobject.Nullable -and (($nullmod++) % $ModulusFactor -eq 0)) { $newValue = $null } elseif ($tableobject.HasUniqueIndex -and $columnobject.Name -in $uniqueValueColumns) { if ($uniqueValues.Count -lt 1) { Stop-Function -Message "Could not find any unique values in dictionary" -Target $tableobject return } $newValue = $uniqueValues[$rowNumber].$($columnobject.Name) } else { # make sure min is good if ($columnobject.MinValue) { $min = $columnobject.MinValue } else { if ($columnobject.CharacterString) { $min = 1 } else { $min = 0 } } # make sure max is good if ($MaxValue) { if ($columnobject.MaxValue -le $MaxValue) { $max = $columnobject.MaxValue } else { $max = $MaxValue } } else { $max = $columnobject.MaxValue } if (-not $columnobject.MaxValue -and -not (Test-Bound -ParameterName MaxValue)) { $max = 10 } if ($columnobject.CharacterString) { $charstring = $columnobject.CharacterString } else { $charstring = $CharacterString } if ((-not $columnobject.MinValue -or -not $columnobject.MaxValue) -and ($columnobject.ColumnType -match 'date')) { if (-not $columnobject.MinValue) { $min = (Get-Date).AddDays(-365) } if (-not $columnobject.MaxValue) { $max = (Get-Date).AddDays(365) } } try { $newValue = $null if (-not $columnobject.SubType -and $columnobject.ColumnType -in $supportedDataTypes) { $newValue = Get-DbaRandomizedValue -DataType $columnobject.ColumnType -Min $min -Max $max -CharacterString $charstring -Locale $Locale } else { $newValue = Get-DbaRandomizedValue -RandomizerType $columnobject.MaskingType -RandomizerSubtype $columnobject.SubType -Min $min -Max $max -CharacterString $charstring -Locale $Locale } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $columnobject -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } } if ($null -eq $newValue -and $columnobject.Nullable -eq $true) { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = NULL" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -in 'bit', 'bool') { if ($columnValue) { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = 1" } else { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = 0" } } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -like '*int*' -or $columnobject.ColumnType -in 'decimal') { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = $newValue" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -in 'uniqueidentifier') { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -eq 'datetime') { $newValue = ([datetime]$newValue).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -eq 'datetime2') { $newValue = ([datetime]$newValue).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fffffff") $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -like 'date') { $newValue = ([datetime]$newValue).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd") $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -like '*date*') { $newValue = ([datetime]$newValue).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -like 'time') { $newValue = ([datetime]$newValue).Tostring("HH:mm:ss.fffffff") $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -eq 'xml') { # nothing, unsure how i'll handle this } else { $newValue = ($newValue).Tostring().Replace("'", "''") $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } if ($columnobject.Deterministic -and ($row.$($columnobject.Name) -notin $dictionary.Keys)) { $dictionary.Add($row.$($columnobject.Name), $newValue) } } $rowItems = $row | Get-Member -MemberType Properties | Select-Object Name -ExpandProperty Name foreach ($item in $rowItems) { $itemColumnType = $dbTable.Columns[$item].DataType.SqlDataType.ToString().ToLowerInvariant() if (($row.$($item)).GetType().Name -match 'DBNull') { $wheres += "[$item] IS NULL" } elseif ($itemColumnType -in 'bit', 'bool') { if ($row.$item) { $wheres += "[$item] = 1" } else { $wheres += "[$item] = 0" } } elseif ($itemColumnType -like '*int*' -or $itemColumnType -in 'decimal') { $oldValue = $row.$item $wheres += "[$item] = $oldValue" } elseif ($itemColumnType -in 'text', 'ntext') { $oldValue = ($row.$item).Tostring().Replace("'", "''") $wheres += "CAST([$item] AS VARCHAR(MAX)) = '$oldValue'" } elseif ($itemColumnType -eq 'datetime') { $oldValue = ($row.$item).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff") $wheres += "[$item] = '$oldValue'" } elseif ($itemColumnType -eq 'datetime2') { $oldValue = ($row.$item).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fffffff") $wheres += "[$item] = '$oldValue'" } elseif ($itemColumnType -like 'date') { $oldValue = ($row.$item).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd") $wheres += "[$item] = '$oldValue'" } elseif ($itemColumnType -like '*date*') { $oldValue = ($row.$item).Tostring("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") $wheres += "[$item] = '$oldValue'" } else { $oldValue = ($row.$item).Tostring().Replace("'", "''") $wheres += "[$item] = '$oldValue'" } } $updatequery = "UPDATE [$($tableobject.Schema)].[$($tableobject.Name)] SET $($updates -join ', ') WHERE $($wheres -join ' AND ')" try { $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($updatequery, $sqlconn, $transaction) $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery() } catch { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "$updatequery" $errormessage = $_.Exception.Message.ToString() Stop-Function -Message "Error updating $($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name): $errormessage" -Target $updatequery -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } # Increase the row number $rowNumber++ } $columnsWithComposites = @() $columnsWithComposites += $tableobject.Columns | Where-Object Composite -ne $null if ($columnsWithComposites.Count -ge 1) { foreach ($columnObject in $columnsWithComposites) { $compositeItems = @() foreach ($columnComposite in $columnObject.Composite) { if ($columnComposite.Type -eq 'Column') { $compositeItems += $columnComposite.Value } elseif ($columnComposite.Type -eq 'Random') { try { $newValue = $null if ($columnobject.SubType -in $supportedDataTypes) { $newValue = Get-DbaRandomizedValue -DataType $columnobject.SubType -CharacterString $charstring -Min $columnComposite.Min -Max $columnComposite.Max -Locale $Locale } else { $newValue = Get-DbaRandomizedValue -RandomizerType $columnComposite.Type -RandomizerSubType $columnComposite.Subtype -CharacterString $charstring -Min $columnComposite.Min -Max $columnComposite.Max -Locale $Locale } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $faker -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } if ($columnobject.ColumnType -match 'int') { $compositeItems += " $newValue" } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -in 'bit', 'bool') { if ($columnValue) { $compositeItems += "1" } else { $compositeItems += "0" } } else { $newValue = ($newValue).Tostring().Replace("'", "''") $compositeItems += "'$newValue'" } } elseif ($columnComposite.Type -eq 'Static') { $compositeItems += "'$($columnComposite.Value)'" } else { $compositeItems += "" } } $compositeItems = $compositeItems | ForEach-Object { $_ = "ISNULL($($_), '')" $_ } $updatequery = "UPDATE [$($tableobject.Schema)].[$($tableobject.Name)] SET $($columnObject.Name) = $($compositeItems -join ' + ')" try { $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($updatequery, $sqlconn, $transaction) $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery() } catch { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "$updatequery" $errormessage = $_.Exception.Message.ToString() Stop-Function -Message "Error updating $($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name): $errormessage" -Target $updatequery -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } } } try { $null = $transaction.Commit() [pscustomobject]@{ ComputerName = $db.Parent.ComputerName InstanceName = $db.Parent.ServiceName SqlInstance = $db.Parent.DomainInstanceName Database = $dbName Schema = $tableobject.Schema Table = $tableobject.Name Columns = $tableobject.Columns.Name Rows = $($data.Rows.Count) Elapsed = [prettytimespan]$elapsed.Elapsed Status = "Masked" } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Error updating $($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name)" -Target $updatequery -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } } # Empty the unique values array $uniqueValues = $null } try { $sqlconn.Close() } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } } } } } |