functions/Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking.ps1
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function Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking { <# .SYNOPSIS Masks data by using randomized values determined by a configuration file and a randomizer framework .DESCRIPTION TMasks data by using randomized values determined by a configuration file and a randomizer framework It will use a configuration file that can be made manually or generated using New-DbaDbMaskingConfig Note that the following column and data types are not currently supported: Identity ForeignKey Computed Hierarchyid Geography Geometry Xml .PARAMETER SqlInstance The target SQL Server instance or instances. .PARAMETER SqlCredential Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Windows and SQL Authentication supported. Accepts credential objects (Get-Credential) .PARAMETER Database Databases to process through .PARAMETER Table Tables to process. By default all the tables will be processed .PARAMETER Column Columns to process. By default all the columns will be processed .PARAMETER FilePath Configuration file that contains the which tables and columns need to be masked .PARAMETER Query If you would like to mask only a subset of a table, use the Query parameter, otherwise all data will be masked. .PARAMETER Locale Set the local to enable certain settings in the masking .PARAMETER CharacterString The characters to use in string data. 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789' by default .PARAMETER ExcludeTable Exclude specific tables even if it's listed in the config file. .PARAMETER ExcludeColumn Exclude specific columns even if it's listed in the config file. .PARAMETER MaxValue Force a max length of strings instead of relying on datatype maxes. Note if a string datatype has a lower MaxValue, that will be used instead. Useful for adhoc updates and testing, otherwise, the config file should be used. .PARAMETER ModulusFactor Calculating the next nullable by using the remainder from the modulus. Default is every 10. .PARAMETER ExactLength Mask string values to the same length. So 'Tate' will be replaced with 4 random characters. .PARAMETER Force Forcefully execute commands when needed .PARAMETER WhatIf If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run. .PARAMETER Confirm If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state. .PARAMETER EnableException By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch. .NOTES Tags: DataMasking, Database Author: Sander Stad (@sqlstad, sqlstad.nl) | Chrissy LeMaire (@cl, netnerds.net) Website: https://dbatools.io Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT .LINK https://dbatools.io/Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking .EXAMPLE Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking -SqlInstance SQLDB2 -Database DB1 -FilePath C:\Temp\sqldb1.db1.tables.json Apply the data masking configuration from the file "sqldb1.db1.tables.json" to the db1 database on sqldb2. Prompt for confirmation for each table. .EXAMPLE Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Temp\sqldb1.db1.tables.json | Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking -SqlInstance SQLDB2 -Database DB1 -Confirm:$false Apply the data masking configuration from the file "sqldb1.db1.tables.json" to the db1 database on sqldb2. Do not prompt for confirmation. .EXAMPLE New-DbaDbMaskingConfig -SqlInstance SQLDB1 -Database DB1 -Path C:\Temp\clone -OutVariable file $file | Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking -SqlInstance SQLDB2 -Database DB1 -Confirm:$false Create the data masking configuration file "sqldb1.db1.tables.json", then use it to mask the db1 database on sqldb2. Do not prompt for confirmation. .EXAMPLE Get-ChildItem -Path C:\Temp\sqldb1.db1.tables.json | Invoke-DbaDbDataMasking -SqlInstance SQLDB2, sqldb3 -Database DB1 -Confirm:$false See what would happen if you the data masking configuration from the file "sqldb1.db1.tables.json" to the db1 database on sqldb2 and sqldb3. Do not prompt for confirmation. #> [CmdLetBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, ConfirmImpact = "High")] param ( [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance, [PSCredential]$SqlCredential, [string[]]$Database, [parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline)] [Alias('Path', 'FullName')] [object]$FilePath, [string]$Locale = 'en', [string]$CharacterString = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789', [string[]]$Table, [string[]]$Column, [string[]]$ExcludeTable, [string[]]$ExcludeColumn, [string]$Query, [int]$MaxValue, [int]$ModulusFactor = 10, [switch]$ExactLength, [switch]$EnableException ) begin { # Create the faker objects Add-Type -Path (Resolve-Path -Path "$script:PSModuleRoot\bin\datamasking\Bogus.dll") $faker = New-Object Bogus.Faker($Locale) } process { if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return } if ($FilePath.ToString().StartsWith('http')) { $tables = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $FilePath } else { # Check if the destination is accessible if (-not (Test-Path -Path $FilePath)) { Stop-Function -Message "Could not find masking config file $FilePath" -Target $FilePath return } # Get all the items that should be processed try { $tables = Get-Content -Path $FilePath -ErrorAction Stop | ConvertFrom-Json -ErrorAction Stop } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Could not parse masking config file" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $FilePath return } } foreach ($tabletest in $tables.Tables) { if ($Table -and $tabletest.Name -notin $Table) { continue } foreach ($columntest in $tabletest.Columns) { if ($columntest.ColumnType -in 'hierarchyid', 'geography', 'xml', 'geometry' -and $columntest.Name -notin $Column) { Stop-Function -Message "$($columntest.ColumnType) is not supported, please remove the column $($columntest.Name) from the $($tabletest.Name) table" -Target $tables } } } if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return } $dictionary = @{} foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) { try { $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -MinimumVersion 9 } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } if ($Database) { $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database $Database } else { $dbs = Get-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -Database $tables.Name } $sqlconn = $server.ConnectionContext.SqlConnectionObject.PsObject.Copy() $sqlconn.Open() foreach ($db in $dbs) { $stepcounter = $nullmod = 0 foreach ($tableobject in $tables.Tables) { if ($tableobject.Name -in $ExcludeTable -or ($Table -and $tableobject.Name -notin $Table)) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Skipping $($tableobject.Name) because it is explicitly excluded" continue } if ($tableobject.Name -notin $db.Tables.Name) { Stop-Function -Message "Table $($tableobject.Name) is not present in $db" -Target $db -Continue } try { if (-not (Test-Bound -ParameterName Query)) { $query = "SELECT * FROM [$($tableobject.Schema)].[$($tableobject.Name)]" } $data = $server.Databases[$($db.Name)].Query($query) | ConvertTo-DbaDataTable } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure retrieving the data from table $($tableobject.Name)" -Target $Database -ErrorRecord $_ -Continue } $sqlconn.ChangeDatabase($db.Name) $transaction = $sqlconn.BeginTransaction() $deterministicColumns = $tables.Tables.Columns | Where-Object Deterministic -eq $true $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew() $tablecolumns = $tableobject.Columns if ($Column) { $tablecolumns = $tablecolumns | Where-Object Name -in $Column } if ($ExcludeColumn) { $tablecolumns = $tablecolumns | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeColumn } if (-not $tablecolumns) { Write-Message -Level Verbose "No columns to process in $($db.Name).$($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name), moving on" continue } if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Masking $($tablecolumns.Name -join ', ') in $($data.Rows.Count) rows in $($db.Name).$($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name)")) { Write-ProgressHelper -StepNumber ($stepcounter++) -TotalSteps $tables.Tables.Count -Activity "Masking data" -Message "Updating $($data.Rows.Count) rows in $($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name) in $($db.Name) on $instance" # Loop through each of the rows and change them foreach ($row in $data.Rows) { $updates = $wheres = @() foreach ($columnobject in $tablecolumns) { if ($columnobject.Nullable -and (($nullmod++) % $ModulusFactor -eq 0)) { $newValue = $null } else { # make sure max is good if ($MaxValue) { if ($columnobject.MaxValue -le $MaxValue) { $max = $columnobject.MaxValue } else { $max = $MaxValue } } else { $max = $columnobject.MaxValue } if (-not $columnobject.MaxValue -and -not (Test-Bound -ParameterName MaxValue)) { $max = 10 } if ($columnobject.CharacterString) { $charstring = $columnobject.CharacterString } else { $charstring = $CharacterString } # make sure min is good if ($columnobject.MinValue) { $min = $columnobject.MinValue } else { if ($columnobject.CharacterString) { $min = 1 } else { $min = 0 } } if (($columnobject.MinValue -or $columnobject.MaxValue) -and ($columnobject.ColumnType -match 'date')) { $nowmin = $columnobject.MinValue $nowmax = $columnobject.MaxValue if (-not $nowmin) { $nowmin = (Get-Date -Date $nowmax).AddDays(-365) } if (-not $nowmax) { $nowmax = (Get-Date -Date $nowmin).AddDays(365) } } try { $newValue = $null if ($columnobject.Deterministic -and ($row.$($columnobject.Name) -in $dictionary.Keys)) { $newValue = $dictionary.$($row.$($columnobject.Name)) } if (-not $newValue) { $newValue = switch ($columnobject.ColumnType) { { $psitem -in 'bit', 'bool' } { $faker.System.Random.Bool() } { $psitem -match 'date' } { if ($columnobject.MinValue -or $columnobject.MaxValue) { ($faker.Date.Between($nowmin, $nowmax)).ToString("yyyyMMdd") } else { ($faker.Date.Past()).ToString("yyyyMMdd") } } { $psitem -match 'int' } { if ($columnobject.MinValue -or $columnobject.MaxValue) { $faker.System.Random.Int($columnobject.MinValue, $columnobject.MaxValue) } else { $faker.System.Random.Int(0, $max) } } 'money' { if ($columnobject.MinValue -or $columnobject.MaxValue) { $faker.Finance.Amount($columnobject.MinValue, $columnobject.MaxValue) } else { $faker.Finance.Amount(0, $max) } } 'time' { ($faker.Date.Past()).ToString("h:mm tt zzz") } 'uniqueidentifier' { $faker.System.Random.Guid().Guid } 'userdefineddatatype' { if ($columnobject.MaxValue -eq 1) { $faker.System.Random.Bool() } else { $null } } default { $null } } } if (-not $newValue) { $newValue = switch ($columnobject.SubType.ToLower()) { 'number' { $faker.$($columnobject.MaskingType).$($columnobject.SubType)($columnobject.MaxValue) } { $psitem -in 'bit', 'bool' } { $faker.System.Random.Bool() } { $psitem -in 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime2', 'smalldatetime' } { if ($columnobject.MinValue -or $columnobject.MaxValue) { ($faker.Date.Between($nowmin, $nowmax)).ToString("yyyyMMdd") } else { ($faker.Date.Past()).ToString("yyyyMMdd") } } 'shuffle' { ($row.($columnobject.Name) -split '' | Sort-Object { Get-Random }) -join '' } 'string' { if ($max -eq -1) { $max = 1024 } if ($columnobject.SubType -eq "String" -and (Test-Bound -ParameterName ExactLength)) { $max = ($row.$($columnobject.Name)).Length } if ($columnobject.ColumnType -eq 'xml') { $null } else { $faker.$($columnobject.MaskingType).String2($max, $charstring) } } default { $null } } } if (-not $newValue) { $newValue = switch ($columnobject.MaskingType.ToLower()) { { $psitem -in 'bit', 'bool' } { $faker.System.Random.Bool() } { $psitem -in 'name', 'address', 'finance' } { $faker.$($columnobject.MaskingType).$($columnobject.SubType)() } default { if ($max -eq -1) { $max = 1024 } if ((Test-Bound -ParameterName ExactLength)) { $max = ($row.$($columnobject.Name)).ToString().Length } if ($max -eq 1) { $faker.System.Random.Bool() } else { try { $faker.$($columnobject.MaskingType).$($columnobject.SubType)() } catch { $faker.Random.String2($max, $charstring) } } } } } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Target $faker -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } } if ($columnobject.ColumnType -eq 'xml') { # nothing, unsure how i'll handle this } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -in 'uniqueidentifier') { if ($null -eq $newValue -and $columnobject.Nullable) { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = NULL" } else { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } } elseif ($columnobject.ColumnType -match 'int') { if ($null -eq $newValue -and $columnobject.Nullable) { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = NULL" } else { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = $newValue" } } else { if ($null -eq $newValue -and $columnobject.Nullable) { $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = NULL" } else { $newValue = ($newValue).Tostring().Replace("'", "''") $updates += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$newValue'" } } if ($columnobject.ColumnType -notin 'xml', 'geography', 'geometry') { if (($row.$($columnobject.Name)).GetType().Name -match 'DBNull') { $wheres += "[$($columnobject.Name)] IS NULL" } else { $oldValue = ($row.$($columnobject.Name)).Tostring().Replace("'", "''") $wheres += "[$($columnobject.Name)] = '$oldValue'" } } if ($columnobject.Deterministic -and ($row.$($columnobject.Name) -notin $dictionary.Keys)) { $dictionary.Add($row.$($columnobject.Name), $newValue) } } $updatequery = "UPDATE [$($tableobject.Schema)].[$($tableobject.Name)] SET $($updates -join ', ') WHERE $($wheres -join ' AND ')" try { $sqlcmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($updatequery, $sqlconn, $transaction) $null = $sqlcmd.ExecuteNonQuery() } catch { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "$updatequery" $errormessage = $_.Exception.Message.ToString() Stop-Function -Message "Error updating $($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name): $errormessage" -Target $updatequery -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } } try { $null = $transaction.Commit() [pscustomobject]@{ ComputerName = $db.Parent.ComputerName InstanceName = $db.Parent.ServiceName SqlInstance = $db.Parent.DomainInstanceName Database = $db.Name Schema = $tableobject.Schema Table = $tableobject.Name Columns = $tableobject.Columns.Name Rows = $($data.Rows.Count) Elapsed = [prettytimespan]$elapsed.Elapsed Status = "Masked" } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Error updating $($tableobject.Schema).$($tableobject.Name)" -Target $updatequery -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } } } } try { $sqlconn.Close() } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Continue -ErrorRecord $_ } } } } |