functions/New-DbaComputerCertificate.ps1
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#ValidationTags#Messaging,FlowControl,Pipeline,CodeStyle# function New-DbaComputerCertificate { <# .SYNOPSIS Creates a new computer certificate useful for Forcing Encryption .DESCRIPTION Creates a new computer certificate - self-signed or signed by an Active Directory CA, using the Web Server certificate. By default, a key with a length of 1024 and a friendly name of the machines FQDN is generated. This command was originally intended to help automate the process so that SSL certificates can be available for enforcing encryption on connections. It makes a lot of assumptions - namely, that your account is allowed to auto-enroll and that you have permission to do everything it needs to do ;) References: http://sqlmag.com/sql-server/7-steps-ssl-encryption https://azurebi.jppp.org/2016/01/23/using-lets-encrypt-certificates-for-secure-sql-server-connections/ https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/sqlserverfaq/2016/09/26/creating-and-registering-ssl-certificates/ The certificate is generated using AD's webserver SSL template on the client machine and pushed to the remote machine. .PARAMETER ComputerName The target SQL Server instance or instances. Defaults to localhost. If target is a cluster, you must also specify ClusterInstanceName (see below) .PARAMETER Credential Allows you to login to $ComputerName using alternative credentials. .PARAMETER CaServer Optional - the CA Server where the request will be sent to .PARAMETER CaName The properly formatted CA name of the corresponding CaServer .PARAMETER ClusterInstanceName When creating certs for a cluster, use this parameter to create the certificate for the cluster node name. Use ComputerName for each of the nodes. .PARAMETER Password Password to encrypt/decrypt private key for export to remote machine .PARAMETER FriendlyName The FriendlyName listed in the certificate. This defaults to the FQDN of the $ComputerName .PARAMETER CertificateTemplate The domain's Certificate Template - WebServer by default. .PARAMETER KeyLength The length of the key - defaults to 1024 .PARAMETER Store Certificate store - defaults to LocalMachine .PARAMETER Folder Certificate folder - defaults to My (Personal) .PARAMETER Dns Specify the Dns entries listed in SAN. By default, it will be ComputerName + FQDN, or in the case of clusters, clustername + cluster FQDN. .PARAMETER SelfSigned Creates a self-signed certificate. All other parameters can still apply except CaServer and CaName because the command does not go and get the certificate signed. .PARAMETER EnableException By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch. .PARAMETER WhatIf Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed. .PARAMETER Confirm Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command. .NOTES Tags: Certificate Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net Website: https://dbatools.io Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT .EXAMPLE PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate Creates a computer certificate signed by the local domain CA for the local machine with the keylength of 1024. .EXAMPLE PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 Creates a computer certificate signed by the local domain CA _on the local machine_ for server1 with the keylength of 1024. The certificate is then copied to the new machine over WinRM and imported. .EXAMPLE PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName sqla, sqlb -ClusterInstanceName sqlcluster -KeyLength 4096 Creates a computer certificate for sqlcluster, signed by the local domain CA, with the keylength of 4096. The certificate is then copied to sqla _and_ sqlb over WinRM and imported. .EXAMPLE PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate -ComputerName Server1 -WhatIf Shows what would happen if the command were run .EXAMPLE PS C:\> New-DbaComputerCertificate -SelfSigned Creates a self-signed certificate #> [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "Low")] param ( [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer", "SqlInstance")] [DbaInstance[]]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME, [PSCredential]$Credential, [string]$CaServer, [string]$CaName, [string]$ClusterInstanceName, [securestring]$Password, [string]$FriendlyName = "SQL Server", [string]$CertificateTemplate = "WebServer", [int]$KeyLength = 1024, [string]$Store = "LocalMachine", [string]$Folder = "My", [string[]]$Dns, [switch]$SelfSigned, [Alias('Silent')] [switch]$EnableException ) begin { $englishCodes = 9, 1033, 2057, 3081, 4105, 5129, 6153, 7177, 8201, 9225 if ($englishCodes -notcontains (Get-DbaCmObject Win32_OperatingSystem).OSLanguage) { Stop-Function -Message "Currently, this command is only supported in English OS locales. OS Locale detected: $([System.Globalization.CultureInfo]::GetCultureInfo([int](Get-DbaCmObject Win32_OperatingSystem).OSLanguage).DisplayName)`nWe apologize for the inconvenience and look into providing universal language support in future releases." return } if (-not (Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME)) { return } function GetHexLength { [cmdletbinding()] param( [int]$strLen ) $hex = [String]::Format("{0:X2}", $strLen) if ($strLen -gt 127) { [String]::Format("{0:X2}", 128 + ($hex.Length / 2)) + $hex } else { $hex } } function Get-SanExt { [cmdletbinding()] param( [string[]]$hostName ) # thanks to Lincoln of # https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/f568edfa-7f93-46a4-aab9-a06151592dd9/converting-ascii-to-asn1-der $temp = '' foreach ($fqdn in $hostName) { # convert each character of fqdn to hex $hexString = ($fqdn.ToCharArray() | ForEach-Object { [String]::Format("{0:X2}", [int]$_) }) -join '' # length of hex fqdn, in hex $hexLength = GetHexLength ($hexString.Length / 2) # concatenate special code 82, hex length, hex string $temp += "82${hexLength}${hexString}" } # calculate total length of concatenated string, in hex $totalHexLength = GetHexLength ($temp.Length / 2) # concatenate special code 30, hex length, hex string $temp = "30${totalHexLength}${temp}" # convert to binary $bytes = $( for ($i = 0; $i -lt $temp.Length; $i += 2) { [byte]"0x$($temp.SubString($i, 2))" } ) # convert to base 64 $base64 = [Convert]::ToBase64String($bytes) # output in proper format for ($i = 0; $i -lt $base64.Length; $i += 64) { $line = $base64.SubString($i, [Math]::Min(64, $base64.Length - $i)) if ($i -eq 0) { "2.5.29.17=$line" } else { "_continue_=$line" } } } if ((!$CaServer -or !$CaName) -and !$SelfSigned) { try { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "No CaServer or CaName specified. Performing lookup." # hat tip Vadims Podans $domain = ([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()).Name $domain = "DC=" + $domain -replace '\.', ", DC=" $pks = [ADSI]"LDAP://CN=Enrollment Services, CN=Public Key Services, CN=Services, CN=Configuration, $domain" $cas = $pks.psBase.Children $allCas = @() foreach ($ca in $cas) { $allCas += [pscustomobject]@{ CA = $ca | ForEach-Object { $_.Name } Computer = $ca | ForEach-Object { $_.DNSHostName } } } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Cannot access Active Directory or find the Certificate Authority" -ErrorRecord $_ return } if (!$CaServer) { $CaServer = ($allCas | Select-Object -First 1).Computer Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Root Server: $CaServer" } if (!$CaName) { $CaName = ($allCas | Select-Object -First 1).CA Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Root CA name: $CaName" } } $tempDir = ([System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()).TrimEnd("\") $certTemplate = "CertificateTemplate:$CertificateTemplate" } process { if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return } foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) { if (!$secondaryNode) { if ($ClusterInstanceName) { if ($ClusterInstanceName -notmatch "\.") { $fqdn = "$ClusterInstanceName.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN" } else { $fqdn = $ClusterInstanceName } } else { $resolved = Resolve-DbaNetworkName -ComputerName $computer.ComputerName -WarningAction SilentlyContinue if (!$resolved) { $fqdn = "$ComputerName.$env:USERDNSDOMAIN" Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Server name cannot be resolved. Guessing it's $fqdn" } else { $fqdn = $resolved.fqdn } } $certDir = "$tempDir\$fqdn" $certCfg = "$certDir\request.inf" $certCsr = "$certDir\$fqdn.csr" $certCrt = "$certDir\$fqdn.crt" $certPfx = "$certDir\$fqdn.pfx" $tempPfx = "$certDir\temp-$fqdn.pfx" if (Test-Path($certDir)) { Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Deleting files from $certDir" $null = Remove-Item "$certDir\*.*" } else { Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Creating $certDir" $null = New-Item -Path $certDir -ItemType Directory -Force } # Make sure output is compat with clusters $shortName = $fqdn.Split(".")[0] if (!$dns) { $dns = $shortName, $fqdn } $san = Get-SanExt $dns # Write config file Set-Content $certCfg "[Version]" Add-Content $certCfg 'Signature="$Windows NT$"' Add-Content $certCfg "[NewRequest]" Add-Content $certCfg "Subject = ""CN=$fqdn""" Add-Content $certCfg "KeySpec = 1" Add-Content $certCfg "KeyLength = $KeyLength" Add-Content $certCfg "Exportable = TRUE" Add-Content $certCfg "MachineKeySet = TRUE" Add-Content $certCfg "FriendlyName=""$FriendlyName""" Add-Content $certCfg "SMIME = False" Add-Content $certCfg "PrivateKeyArchive = FALSE" Add-Content $certCfg "UserProtected = FALSE" Add-Content $certCfg "UseExistingKeySet = FALSE" Add-Content $certCfg "ProviderName = ""Microsoft RSA SChannel Cryptographic Provider""" Add-Content $certCfg "ProviderType = 12" if ($SelfSigned) { Add-Content $certCfg "RequestType = Cert" } else { Add-Content $certCfg "RequestType = PKCS10" } Add-Content $certCfg "KeyUsage = 0xa0" Add-Content $certCfg "[EnhancedKeyUsageExtension]" Add-Content $certCfg "OID=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1" Add-Content $certCfg "[Extensions]" Add-Content $certCfg $san Add-Content $certCfg "Critical=2.5.29.17" if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Creating certificate for $computer")) { Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Running: certreq -new $certCfg $certCsr" $create = certreq -new $certCfg $certCsr } if ($SelfSigned) { $serial = (($create -Split "Serial Number:" -Split "Subject")[2]).Trim() # D: $storedCert = Get-ChildItem Cert:\LocalMachine\My -Recurse | Where-Object SerialNumber -eq $serial if ($computer.IsLocalHost) { $storedCert | Select-Object * | Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer } } else { if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Submitting certificate request for $computer to $CaServer\$CaName")) { Write-Message -Level Output -Message "certreq -submit -config `"$CaServer\$CaName`" -attrib $certTemplate $certCsr $certCrt $certPfx" $submit = certreq -submit -config ""$CaServer\$CaName"" -attrib $certTemplate $certCsr $certCrt $certPfx } if ($submit -match "ssued") { Write-Message -Level Output -Message "certreq -accept -machine $certCrt" $null = certreq -accept -machine $certCrt $cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2 $cert.Import($certCrt, $null, [System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509KeyStorageFlags]::DefaultKeySet) $storedCert = Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$store\$folder" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $cert.Thumbprint } } elseif ($submit) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Something went wrong" Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$create" Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$submit" Stop-Function -Message "Failure when attempting to create the cert on $computer. Exception: $_" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue } if ($Computer.IsLocalHost) { $storedCert | Select-Object * | Select-DefaultView -Property FriendlyName, DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer } } } if (!$Computer.IsLocalHost) { if (!$secondaryNode) { if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Generating pfx and reading from disk")) { Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Exporting PFX with password to $tempPfx" $certdata = $storedCert.Export([System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509ContentType]::PFX, $password) } if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Removing cert from disk but keeping it in memory")) { $storedCert | Remove-Item } if ($ClusterInstanceName) { $secondaryNode = $true } } $scriptblock = { $cert = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2 $cert.Import($args[0], $args[1], "Exportable,PersistKeySet") $certstore = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Store($args[3], $args[2]) $certstore.Open('ReadWrite') $certstore.Add($cert) $certstore.Close() Get-ChildItem "Cert:\$($args[2])\$($args[3])" -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.Thumbprint -eq $cert.Thumbprint } } if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Connecting to $computer to import new cert")) { try { Invoke-Command2 -ComputerName $computer -Credential $Credential -ArgumentList $certdata, $Password, $Store, $Folder -ScriptBlock $scriptblock -ErrorAction Stop | Select-DefaultView -Property DnsNameList, Thumbprint, NotBefore, NotAfter, Subject, Issuer } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Issue importing new cert on $computer" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $computer -Continue } } } if ($PScmdlet.ShouldProcess("local", "Removing all files from $certDir")) { try { Remove-Item -Force -Recurse $certDir -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } catch { Stop-Function "Isue removing files from $certDir" -Target $certDir -ErrorRecord $_ } } } } } |