functions/New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot.ps1
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#ValidationTags#FlowControl# function New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot { <# .SYNOPSIS Creates database snapshots .DESCRIPTION Creates database snapshots without hassles .PARAMETER SqlInstance The SQL Server that you're connecting to. .PARAMETER SqlCredential Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user .PARAMETER AllDatabases Creates snapshot for all eligible databases .PARAMETER Database The database(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed. .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase The database(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server .PARAMETER WhatIf Shows what would happen if the command were to run .PARAMETER Confirm Prompts for confirmation of every step. .PARAMETER Name The specific snapshot name you want to create. Works only if you target a single database. If you need to create multiple snapshot, you must use the NameSuffix parameter .PARAMETER NameSuffix When you pass a simple string, it'll be appended to use it to build the name of the snapshot. By default snapshots are created with yyyyMMdd_HHmmss suffix You can also pass a standard placeholder, in which case it'll be interpolated (e.g. '{0}' gets replaced with the database name) .PARAMETER Path Snapshot files will be created here (by default the filestructure will be created in the same folder as the base db) .PARAMETER Force Databases with Filestream FG can be snapshotted, but the Filestream FG is marked offline in the snapshot. To create a "partial" snapshot, you need to pass -Force explicitely NB: You can't then restore the Database from the newly-created snapshot. For details, check https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb895334.aspx .PARAMETER Silent Use this switch to disable any kind of verbose messages .NOTES Tags: DisasterRecovery, Snapshot, Restore, Databases Author: niphlod Website: https://dbatools.io Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0 .LINK https://dbatools.io/New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot .EXAMPLE New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting Creates snapshot for HR and Accounting, returning a custom object displaying Server, Database, DatabaseCreated, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated, PrimaryFilePath, Status, Notes .EXAMPLE New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -Name HR_snap Creates snapshot named "HR_snap" for HR .EXAMPLE New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR -NameSuffix 'fool_{0}_snap' Creates snapshot named "fool_HR_snap" for HR .EXAMPLE New-DbaDatabaseSnapshot -SqlInstance sqlserver2014a -Database HR, Accounting -Path F:\snapshotpath Creates snapshots for HR and Accounting databases, storing files under the F:\snapshotpath\ dir #> [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)] Param ( [parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)] [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlServer")] [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance, [Alias("Credential")] [PSCredential] $SqlCredential, [Alias("Databases")] [object[]]$Database, [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase, [switch]$AllDatabases, [string]$Name, [string]$NameSuffix, [string]$Path, [switch]$Force, [switch]$Silent ) begin { $NoSupportForSnap = @('model', 'master', 'tempdb') # Evaluate the default suffix here for naming consistency $DefaultSuffix = (Get-Date -Format "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss") if ($NameSuffix.Length -gt 0) { #Validate if Name can be interpolated try { $null = $NameSuffix -f 'some_string' } catch { Stop-Function -Message "NameSuffix parameter must be a template only containing one parameter {0}" -ErrorRecord $_ } } function Resolve-SnapshotError($server) { $errhelp = '' $CurrentEdition = $server.Edition.toLower() $CurrentVersion = $server.Version.Major * 1000000 + $server.Version.Minor * 10000 + $server.Version.Build if ($server.Version.Major -lt 9) { $errhelp = 'Not supported before 2005' } if ($CurrentVersion -lt 12002000 -and $errhelp.Length -eq 0) { if ($CurrentEdition -notmatch '.*enterprise.*|.*developer.*|.*datacenter.*') { $errhelp = 'Supported only for Enterprise, Developer or Datacenter editions' } } $message = "" if ($errhelp.Length -gt 0) { $message += "Please make sure your version supports snapshots : ($errhelp)" } else { $message += "This module can't tell you why the snapshot creation failed. Feel free to report back to dbatools what happened" } Write-Message -Level Warning -Message $message } } process { if (!$Database -and $AllDatabases -eq $false) { Stop-Function -Message "You must specify a -AllDatabases or -Database to continue" -Silent $Silent return } foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $instance" try { $server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $Credential -MinimumVersion 9 } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } #Checks for path existence if ($Path.Length -gt 0) { if (!(Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $instance -Path $Path)) { Stop-Function -Message "$instance cannot access the directory $Path" -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue -Silent $Silent } } if ($AllDatabases) { $dbs = $server.Databases } if ($Database) { $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $Database -contains $_.Name } } if ($ExcludeDatabase) { $dbs = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $ExcludeDatabase -notcontains $_.Name } } $sourcedbs = @() ## double check for gotchas foreach ($db in $dbs) { if ($db.IsDatabaseSnapshot) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($db.name) is a snapshot, skipping" } elseif ($db.name -in $NoSupportForSnap) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$($db.name) snapshots are prohibited" } elseif ($db.IsAccessible -ne $true) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($db.name) is not accessible, skipping" } else { $sourcedbs += $db } } if($sourcedbs.Length -gt 1 -and $Name) { Stop-Function -Message "You passed the Name parameter that is fixed but selected multiple databases to snapshot: use the NameSuffix parameter" -Continue -Silent $Silent } foreach ($db in $sourcedbs) { if ($NameSuffix.Length -gt 0) { $SnapName = $NameSuffix -f $db.Name if ($SnapName -eq $NameSuffix) { #no interpolation, just append $SnapName = '{0}{1}' -f $db.Name, $NameSuffix } } elseif ($Name.Length -gt 0) { $SnapName = $Name } else { $SnapName = "{0}_{1}" -f $db.Name, $DefaultSuffix } if ($SnapName -in $server.Databases.Name) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "A database named $Snapname already exists, skipping" continue } $all_FSD = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup' $all_MMO = $db.FileGroups | Where-Object FileGroupType -eq 'MemoryOptimizedDataFileGroup' $has_FSD = $all_FSD.Count -gt 0 $has_MMO = $all_MMO.Count -gt 0 if ($has_MMO) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "MEMORY_OPTIMIZED_DATA detected, snapshots are not possible" continue } if ($has_FSD -and $Force -eq $false) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Filestream detected, skipping. You need to specify -Force. See Get-Help for details" continue } $snaptype = "db snapshot" if ($has_FSD) { $snaptype = "partial db snapshot" } If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($instance, "Create $snaptype $SnapName of $($db.Name)")) { $CustomFileStructure = @{ } $counter = 0 foreach ($fg in $db.FileGroups) { $CustomFileStructure[$fg.Name] = @() if ($fg.FileGroupType -eq 'FileStreamDataFileGroup') { Continue } foreach ($file in $fg.Files) { $counter += 1 $basename = [IO.Path]::GetFileNameWithoutExtension($file.FileName) $basepath = Split-Path $file.FileName -Parent # change path if specified if ($Path.Length -gt 0) { $basepath = $Path } # we need to avoid cases where basename is the same for multiple FG $fname = [IO.Path]::Combine($basepath, ("{0}_{1}_{2:0000}_{3:000}" -f $basename, $DefaultSuffix, (Get-Date).MilliSecond, $counter)) # fixed extension is hardcoded as "ss", which seems a "de-facto" standard $fname = [IO.Path]::ChangeExtension($fname, "ss") $CustomFileStructure[$fg.Name] += @{ 'name' = $file.name; 'filename' = $fname } } } $SnapDB = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Database -ArgumentList $server, $Snapname $SnapDB.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName = $db.Name foreach ($fg in $CustomFileStructure.Keys) { $SnapFG = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.FileGroup $SnapDB, $fg $SnapDB.FileGroups.Add($SnapFG) foreach ($file in $CustomFileStructure[$fg]) { $SnapFile = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.DataFile $SnapFG, $file['name'], $file['filename'] $SnapDB.FileGroups[$fg].Files.Add($SnapFile) } } # we're ready to issue a Create, but SMO is a little uncooperative here # there are cases we can manage and others we can't, and we need all the # info we can get both from testers and from users $sql = $SnapDB.Script() try { $SnapDB.Create() [PSCustomObject]@{ ComputerName = $server.NetName InstanceName = $server.ServiceName SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName Database = $SnapDB.Name SnapshotOf = $SnapDB.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName SizeMB = [Math]::Round($SnapDB.Size, 2) ##FIXME, should use the stats for sparse files DatabaseCreated = [dbadatetime]$SnapDB.createDate PrimaryFilePath = $SnapDB.PrimaryFilePath Status = 'Created' Notes = $null SnapshotDb = $SnapDB } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated, PrimaryFilePath, Status } catch { $Status = 'Created' # here we manage issues we DO know about, hoping that the first command # is always the one creating the snapshot, and give an helpful hint try { $server.Databases.Refresh() if ($SnapName -notin $server.Databases.Name) { # previous creation failed completely, snapshot is not there already $null = $server.Query($sql[0]) $server.Databases.Refresh() $SnapDB = $server.Databases[$Snapname] } else { $SnapDB = $server.Databases[$Snapname] } $Notes = @() if ($db.ReadOnly -eq $true) { $Notes += 'SMO is probably trying to set a property on a read-only snapshot, run with -Debug to find out and report back' } if ($has_FSD) { $Status = 'Partial' $Notes += 'Filestream groups are not viable for snapshot' } $Notes = $Notes -Join ';' $hints = @("Executing these commands led to a partial failure") foreach ($stmt in $sql) { $hints += $stmt } Write-Message -Level Debug -Message ($hints -Join "`n") [PSCustomObject]@{ ComputerName = $server.NetName InstanceName = $server.ServiceName SqlInstance = $server.DomainInstanceName Database = $SnapDB.Name SnapshotOf = $SnapDB.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName SizeMB = [Math]::Round($SnapDB.Size, 2) ##FIXME, should use the stats for sparse files DatabaseCreated = [dbadatetime]$SnapDB.createDate PrimaryFilePath = $SnapDB.PrimaryFilePath Status = $Status Notes = $Notes SnapshotDb = $SnapDB } | Select-DefaultView -Property ComputerName, InstanceName, SqlInstance, Database, SnapshotOf, SizeMB, DatabaseCreated, PrimaryFilePath, Status, Notes } catch { # we end up here when even the first issued command didn't create # a valid snapshot Write-Message -Level Warning -Message 'SMO failed to create the snapshot, run with -Debug to find out and report back' -ErrorRecord $_ $hints = @("Executing these commands led to a failure") foreach ($stmt in $sql) { $hints += $stmt } Write-Message -Level Debug -Message ($hints -Join "`n") Resolve-SnapshotError $server } } } } } } } |