functions/Copy-DbaLinkedServer.ps1
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function Copy-DbaLinkedServer { <# .SYNOPSIS Copy-DbaLinkedServer migrates Linked Servers from one SQL Server to another. Linked Server logins and passwords are migrated as well. .DESCRIPTION By using password decryption techniques provided by Antti Rantasaari (NetSPI, 2014), this script migrates SQL Server Linked Servers from one server to another, while maintaining username and password. Credit: https://blog.netspi.com/decrypting-mssql-database-link-server-passwords/ License: BSD 3-Clause http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause .PARAMETER Source Source SQL Server (2005 and above). You must have sysadmin access to both SQL Server and Windows. .PARAMETER SourceSqlCredential Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use: $scred = Get-Credential, then pass $scred object to the -SourceSqlCredential parameter. Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user. .PARAMETER Destination Destination SQL Server (2005 and above). You must have sysadmin access to both SQL Server and Windows. .PARAMETER DestinationSqlCredential Allows you to login to servers using SQL Logins as opposed to Windows Auth/Integrated/Trusted. To use: $dcred = Get-Credential, then pass this $dcred to the -DestinationSqlCredential parameter. Windows Authentication will be used if DestinationSqlCredential is not specified. SQL Server does not accept Windows credentials being passed as credentials. To connect as a different Windows user, run PowerShell as that user. .PARAMETER LinkedServer The linked server(s) to process - this list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all linked servers will be processed. .PARAMETER ExcludeLinkedServer The linked server(s) to exclude - this list is auto-populated from the server .PARAMETER UpgradeSqlClient Upgrade any SqlClient Linked Server to the current Version .PARAMETER WhatIf Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed. .PARAMETER Confirm Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command. .PARAMETER Force By default, if a Linked Server exists on the source and destination, the Linked Server is not copied over. Specifying -force will drop and recreate the Linked Server on the Destination server. .PARAMETER EnableException By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch. .NOTES Tags: WSMan, Migration, LinkedServer Author: Chrissy LeMaire (@cl), netnerds.net Requires: sysadmin access on SQL Servers, Remote Registry & Remote Administration enabled and accessible on source server. Limitations: Hasn't been tested thoroughly. Works on Win8.1 and SQL Server 2012 & 2014 so far. This just copies the SQL portion. It does not copy files (ie. a local SQLite database, or Microsoft Access DB), nor does it configure ODBC entries. .LINK https://dbatools.io/Copy-DbaLinkedServer .EXAMPLE Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster Description Copies all SQL Server Linked Servers on sqlserver2014a to sqlcluster. If Linked Server exists on destination, it will be skipped. .EXAMPLE Copy-DbaLinkedServer -Source sqlserver2014a -Destination sqlcluster -LinkedServer SQL2K5,SQL2k -Force Description Copies over two SQL Server Linked Servers (SQL2K and SQL2K2) from sqlserver to sqlcluster. If the credential already exists on the destination, it will be dropped. #> [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)] Param ( [parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [DbaInstanceParameter]$Source, [PSCredential]$SourceSqlCredential, [parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [DbaInstanceParameter]$Destination, [PSCredential]$DestinationSqlCredential, [object[]]$LinkedServer, [object[]]$ExcludeLinkedServer, [switch]$UpgradeSqlClient, [switch]$Force, [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException ) begin { $null = Test-ElevationRequirement -ComputerName $Source.ComputerName function Get-LinkedServerLogins { <# .SYNOPSIS Internal function. This function is heavily based on Antti Rantasaari's script at http://goo.gl/wpqSib Antti Rantasaari 2014, NetSPI License: BSD 3-Clause http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause #> param ( $SqlInstance ) $server = $SqlInstance $sourceName = $server.Name # Query Service Master Key from the database - remove padding from the key # key_id 102 eq service master key, thumbprint 3 means encrypted with machinekey $sql = "SELECT substring(crypt_property,9,len(crypt_property)-8) as smk FROM sys.key_encryptions WHERE key_id=102 and (thumbprint=0x03 or thumbprint=0x0300000001)" try { $smkbytes = $server.Query($sql).smk } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Can't run query." -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_ return } $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $server $instance = $server.InstanceName $serviceInstanceId = $server.ServiceInstanceId # Get entropy from the registry - hopefully finds the right SQL server instance try { [byte[]]$entropy = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -argumentlist $serviceInstanceId { $serviceInstanceId = $args[0] $entropy = (Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\$serviceInstanceId\Security\").Entropy return $entropy } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Can't access registry keys on $sourceName. Quitting." -Target $server ErrorRecord $_ return } # Decrypt the service master key try { $serviceKey = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ArgumentList $smkbytes, $Entropy { Add-Type -assembly System.Security Add-Type -assembly System.Core $smkbytes = $args[0]; $Entropy = $args[1] $serviceKey = [System.Security.Cryptography.ProtectedData]::Unprotect($smkbytes, $Entropy, 'LocalMachine') return $serviceKey } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Can't unprotect registry data on $($source.Name)). Quitting." -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_ return } # Choose the encryption algorithm based on the SMK length - 3DES for 2008, AES for 2012 # Choose IV length based on the algorithm if (($serviceKey.Length -ne 16) -and ($serviceKey.Length -ne 32)) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "ServiceKey found: $serviceKey.Length" Stop-Function -Message "Unknown key size. Cannot continue." -Target $source return } if ($serviceKey.Length -eq 16) { $decryptor = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider $ivlen = 8 } elseif ($serviceKey.Length -eq 32) { $decryptor = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.AESCryptoServiceProvider $ivlen = 16 } <# Query link server password information from the Db. Remove header from pwdhash, extract IV (as iv) and ciphertext (as pass) Ignore links with blank credentials (integrated auth ?) #> if ($server.IsClustered -eq $false) { $connString = "Server=ADMIN:$sourceNetBios\$instance;Trusted_Connection=True" } else { $dacEnabled = $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue if ($dacEnabled -eq $false) { If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Enabling DAC on clustered instance.")) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "DAC must be enabled for clusters, even when accessed from active node. Enabling." $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue = $true $server.Configuration.Alter() } } $connString = "Server=ADMIN:$sourceName;Trusted_Connection=True" } <# NOTE: This query is accessing syslnklgns table. Can only be done via the DAC connection #> $sql = " SELECT sysservers.srvname, syslnklgns.Name, substring(syslnklgns.pwdhash,5,$ivlen) iv, substring(syslnklgns.pwdhash,$($ivlen + 5), len(syslnklgns.pwdhash)-$($ivlen + 4)) pass FROM master.sys.syslnklgns inner join master.sys.sysservers on syslnklgns.srvid=sysservers.srvid WHERE len(pwdhash) > 0" # Get entropy from the registry try { $logins = Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ArgumentList $connString, $sql { $connString = $args[0]; $sql = $args[1] $conn = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SQLConnection($connString) $conn.open() $cmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand($sql, $conn); $data = $cmd.ExecuteReader() $dt = New-Object "System.Data.DataTable" $dt.Load($data) $conn.Close() $conn.Dispose() return $dt } } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Can't establish local DAC connection." -Target $server -InnerErrorRecord $_ return } if ($server.IsClustered -and $dacEnabled -eq $false) { If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Disabling DAC on clustered instance.")) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting DAC config back to 0." $server.Configuration.RemoteDacConnectionsEnabled.ConfigValue = $false $server.Configuration.Alter() } } $decryptedLogins = New-Object "System.Data.DataTable" [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("LinkedServer") [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("Login") [void]$decryptedLogins.Columns.Add("Password") # Go through each row in results foreach ($login in $logins) { # decrypt the password using the service master key and the extracted IV $decryptor.Padding = "None" $decrypt = $decryptor.Createdecryptor($serviceKey, $login.iv) $stream = New-Object System.IO.MemoryStream ( , $login.pass) $crypto = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream $stream, $decrypt, "Write" $crypto.Write($login.pass, 0, $login.pass.Length) [byte[]]$decrypted = $stream.ToArray() # convert decrypted password to unicode $encode = New-Object System.Text.UnicodeEncoding # Print results - removing the weird padding (8 bytes in the front, some bytes at the end)... # Might cause problems but so far seems to work.. may be dependant on SQL server version... # If problems arise remove the next three lines.. $i = 8; foreach ($b in $decrypted) {if ($decrypted[$i] -ne 0 -and $decrypted[$i + 1] -ne 0 -or $i -eq $decrypted.Length) { $i -= 1; break; }; $i += 1; } $decrypted = $decrypted[8..$i] [void]$decryptedLogins.Rows.Add($($login.srvname), $($login.Name), $($encode.GetString($decrypted))) } return $decryptedLogins } function Copy-DbaLinkedServers { param ( [string[]]$LinkedServer, [bool]$force ) Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Collecting Linked Server logins and passwords on $($sourceServer.Name)." $sourcelogins = Get-LinkedServerLogins $sourceServer $serverlist = $sourceServer.LinkedServers if ($LinkedServer) { $serverlist = $serverlist | Where-Object Name -In $LinkedServer } if ($ExcludeLinkedServer) { $serverList = $serverlist | Where-Object Name -NotIn $ExcludeLinkedServer } foreach ($currentLinkedServer in $serverlist) { $provider = $currentLinkedServer.ProviderName try { $destServer.LinkedServers.Refresh() $destServer.LinkedServers.LinkedServerLogins.Refresh() } catch { } $linkedServerName = $currentLinkedServer.Name $copyLinkedServer = [pscustomobject]@{ SourceServer = $sourceServer.Name DestinationServer = $destServer.Name Name = $linkedServerName Type = "Linked Server" Status = $null Notes = $provider DateTime = [DbaDateTime](Get-Date) } # This does a check to warn of missing OleDbProviderSettings but should only be checked on SQL on Windows if ($destServer.Settings.OleDbProviderSettings.Name.Length -ne 0) { if (!$destServer.Settings.OleDbProviderSettings.Name -contains $provider -and !$provider.StartsWith("SQLN")) { $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Skipped" $copyLinkedServer.Notes = "Already exists" $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($destServer.Name) does not support the $provider provider. Skipping $linkedServerName." continue } } if ($null -ne $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName]) { if (!$force) { $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Skipped" $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$linkedServerName exists $($destServer.Name). Skipping." continue } else { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Dropping $linkedServerName")) { if ($currentLinkedServer.Name -eq 'repl_distributor') { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "repl_distributor cannot be dropped. Not going to try." continue } $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName].Drop($true) $destServer.LinkedServers.refresh() } } } Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Attempting to migrate: $linkedServerName." If ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating $linkedServerName")) { try { $sql = $currentLinkedServer.Script() | Out-String Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql if ($UpgradeSqlClient -and $sql -match "sqlncli") { $newstring = "sqlncli$($destServer.VersionMajor)" Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Changing sqlncli to $newstring" $sql = $sql -replace ("sqlncli[0-9]+", $newstring) } $destServer.Query($sql) $destServer.LinkedServers.Refresh() Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$linkedServerName successfully copied." $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Successful" $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject } catch { $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Failed" $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject Stop-Function -Message "Issue adding linked server $destServer." -Target $linkedServerName -InnerErrorRecord $_ $skiplogins = $true } } if ($skiplogins -ne $true) { $destlogins = $destServer.LinkedServers[$linkedServerName].LinkedServerLogins $lslogins = $sourcelogins | Where-Object { $_.LinkedServer -eq $linkedServerName } foreach ($login in $lslogins) { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($destination, "Migrating $($login.Login)")) { $currentlogin = $destlogins | Where-Object { $_.RemoteUser -eq $login.Login } $copyLinkedServer.Type = $login.Login if ($currentlogin.RemoteUser.length -ne 0) { try { $currentlogin.SetRemotePassword($login.Password) $currentlogin.Alter() $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Successful" $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject } catch { $copyLinkedServer.Status = "Failed" $copyLinkedServer | Select-DefaultView -Property DateTime, SourceServer, DestinationServer, Name, Type, Status, Notes -TypeName MigrationObject Stop-Function -Message "Failed to copy login." -Target $login -InnerErrorRecord $_ } } } } } } } } process { if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return } if ($null -ne $SourceSqlCredential.username) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "You are using a SQL Credential. Note that this script requires Windows Administrator access on the source server. Attempting with $($SourceSqlCredential.Username)." } $sourceServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Source -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential $destServer = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $Destination -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential $source = $sourceServer.Name $destination = $destServer.Name if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $sourceServer -SqlCredential $SourceSqlCredential)) { Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $source. Quitting." -Target $sourceServer return } if (!(Test-SqlSa -SqlInstance $destServer -SqlCredential $DestinationSqlCredential)) { Stop-Function -Message "Not a sysadmin on $destination. Quitting." -Target $destServer return } Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Getting NetBios name for $source." $sourceNetBios = Resolve-NetBiosName $sourceserver Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Checking if Remote Registry is enabled on $source." try { Invoke-Command2 -Raw -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $sourceNetBios -ScriptBlock { Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\" } -ErrorAction Stop } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Can't connect to registry on $source." -Target $sourceNetBios -ErrorRecord $_ return } # Magic happens here Copy-DbaLinkedServers $LinkedServer -Force:$force } end { Test-DbaDeprecation -DeprecatedOn "1.0.0" -EnableException:$false -Alias Copy-SqlLinkedServer } } |