functions/Backup-DbaDatabase.ps1
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function Backup-DbaDatabase { <# .SYNOPSIS Backup one or more SQL Sever databases from a single SQL Server SqlInstance. .DESCRIPTION Performs a backup of a specified type of 1 or more databases on a single SQL Server Instance. These backups may be Full, Differential or Transaction log backups. .PARAMETER SqlInstance The SQL Server instance hosting the databases to be backed up. .PARAMETER SqlCredential Credentials to connect to the SQL Server instance if the calling user doesn't have permission. .PARAMETER Database The database(s) to process. This list is auto-populated from the server. If unspecified, all databases will be processed. .PARAMETER ExcludeDatabase The database(s) to exclude. This list is auto-populated from the server. .PARAMETER BackupFileName The name of the file to backup to. This is only accepted for single database backups. If no name is specified then the backup files will be named DatabaseName_yyyyMMddHHmm (i.e. "Database1_201714022131") with the appropriate extension. If the same name is used repeatedly, SQL Server will add backups to the same file at an incrementing position. SQL Server needs permissions to write to the specified location. Path names are based on the SQL Server (C:\ is the C drive on the SQL Server, not the machine running the script). .PARAMETER BackupDirectory Path in which to place the backup files. If not specified, the backups will be placed in the default backup location for SqlInstance. If multiple paths are specified, the backups will be striped across these locations. This will overwrite the FileCount option. If the path does not exist, Sql Server will attempt to create it. Folders are created by the Sql Instance, and checks will be made for write permissions. File Names with be suffixed with x-of-y to enable identifying striped sets, where y is the number of files in the set and x ranges from 1 to y. .PARAMETER CopyOnly If this switch is enabled, CopyOnly backups will be taken. By default function performs a normal backup, these backups interfere with the restore chain of the database. CopyOnly backups will not interfere with the restore chain of the database. For more details please refer to this MSDN article - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191495.aspx .PARAMETER Type The type of SQL Server backup to perform. Accepted values are "Full", "Log", "Differential", "Diff", "Database" .PARAMETER FileCount This is the number of striped copies of the backups you wish to create. This value is overwritten if you specify multiple Backup Directories. .PARAMETER CreateFolder If this switch is enabled, each database will be backed up into a separate folder on each of the paths specified by BackupDirectory. .PARAMETER CompressBackup If this switch is enabled, the function will try to perform a compressed backup if supported by the version and edition of SQL Server. Otherwise, this function will use the server's default setting for compression. .PARAMETER MaxTransferSize Sets the size of the unit of transfer. Values must be a multiple of 64kb. .PARAMETER Blocksize Specifies the block size to use. Must be one of 0.5KB, 1KB, 2KB, 4KB, 8KB, 16KB, 32KB or 64KB. This can be specified in bytes. Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail .PARAMETER BufferCount Number of I/O buffers to use to perform the operation. Refer to https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178615.aspx for more detail .PARAMETER Checksum If this switch is enabled, the backup checksum will be calculated. .PARAMETER Verify If this switch is enabled, the backup will be verified by running a RESTORE VERIFYONLY against the SqlInstance .PARAMETER DatabaseCollection Internal parameter .PARAMETER AzureBaseUrl The URL to the basecontainer of an Azure storage account to write backups to. If specified, the only other parameters than can be used are "NoCopyOnly", "Type", "CompressBackup", "Checksum", "Verify", "AzureCredential", "CreateFolder". .PARAMETER AzureCredential The name of the credential on the SQL instance that can write to the AzureBaseUrl. .PARAMETER NoRecovery This is passed in to perform a tail log backup if needed .PARAMETER EnableException By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch. .PARAMETER WhatIf If this switch is enabled, no actions are performed but informational messages will be displayed that explain what would happen if the command were to run. .PARAMETER Confirm If this switch is enabled, you will be prompted for confirmation before executing any operations that change state. .NOTES Tags: DisasterRecovery, Backup, Restore Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com Website: https://dbatools.io Copyright: (C) Chrissy LeMaire, clemaire@gmail.com License: GNU GPL v3 https://opensource.org/licenses/GPL-3.0 .EXAMPLE Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance Server1 -Database HR, Finance This will perform a full database backup on the databases HR and Finance on SQL Server Instance Server1 to Server1's default backup directory. .EXAMPLE Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -BackupDirectory C:\temp -Database AdventureWorks2014 -Type Full Backs up AdventureWorks2014 to sql2016's C:\temp folder. .EXAMPLE Backup-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance sql2016 -AzureBaseUrl https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/ -AzureCredential dbatoolscred -Type Full -CreateFolder Performs a full backup of all databases on the sql2016 instance to their own containers under the https://dbatoolsaz.blob.core.windows.net/azbackups/ container on Azure blog storage using the sql credential "dbatoolscred" registered on the sql2016 instance. #> [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Default", SupportsShouldProcess = $true)] param ( [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Pipe", Mandatory = $true)] [DbaInstanceParameter]$SqlInstance, [PSCredential]$SqlCredential, [Alias("Databases")] [object[]]$Database, [object[]]$ExcludeDatabase, [string[]]$BackupDirectory, [string]$BackupFileName, [switch]$CopyOnly, [ValidateSet('Full', 'Log', 'Differential', 'Diff', 'Database')] [string]$Type = 'Database', [parameter(ParameterSetName = "NoPipe", Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)] [object[]]$DatabaseCollection, [switch]$CreateFolder, [int]$FileCount = 0, [switch]$CompressBackup, [switch]$Checksum, [switch]$Verify, [int]$MaxTransferSize, [int]$BlockSize, [int]$BufferCount, [string]$AzureBaseUrl, [string]$AzureCredential, [switch]$NoRecovery, [switch][Alias('Silent')]$EnableException ) begin { if ($SqlInstance.length -ne 0) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Connecting to $SqlInstance" try { $Server = Connect-SqlInstance -SqlInstance $SqlInstance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential } catch { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Cannot connect to $SqlInstance" continue } if ($Database) { $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -in $Database } } else { $DatabaseCollection = $server.Databases | Where-object { $_.Name -ne 'tempdb' } } if ($ExcludeDatabase) { $DatabaseCollection = $DatabaseCollection | Where-Object Name -notin $ExcludeDatabase } if ($BackupDirectory.count -gt 1) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Multiple Backup Directories, striping" $Filecount = $BackupDirectory.count } if ($DatabaseCollection.count -gt 1 -and $BackupFileName -ne '') { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "1 BackupFile specified, but more than 1 database." break } if (($MaxTransferSize % 64kb) -ne 0 -or $MaxTransferSize -gt 4mb) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "MaxTransferSize value must be a multiple of 64kb and no greater than 4MB" break } if ($BlockSize) { if ($BlockSize -notin (0.5kb, 1kb, 2kb, 4kb, 8kb, 16kb, 32kb, 64kb)) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Block size must be one of 0.5kb,1kb,2kb,4kb,8kb,16kb,32kb,64kb" break } } if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) { if ($null -eq $AzureCredential) { Stop-Function -Message "You must provide the credential name for the Azure Storage Account" break } $AzureBaseUrl = $AzureBaseUrl.Trim("/") $FileCount = 1 $BackupDirectory = $AzureBaseUrl } } } process { if (!$SqlInstance -and !$DatabaseCollection) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify a server and database or pipe some databases" continue } Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$($DatabaseCollection.count) database to backup" ForEach ($Database in $databasecollection) { $failures = @() $dbname = $Database.name if ($dbname -eq "tempdb") { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backing up tempdb not supported" continue } if ('Normal' -notin ($Database.Status -split ',')) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Database status not Normal. $dbname skipped." continue } if ($Database.DatabaseSnapshotBaseName) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Backing up snapshots not supported. $dbname skipped." continue } if ($null -eq $server) { $server = $Database.Parent } Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Backup database $database" if ($null -eq $Database.RecoveryModel) { $Database.RecoveryModel = $server.databases[$Database.Name].RecoveryModel Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "$dbname is in $($Database.RecoveryModel) recovery model" } # Fixes one-off cases of StackOverflowException crashes, see issue 1481 $dbRecovery = $Database.RecoveryModel.ToString() if ($dbRecovery -eq 'Simple' -and $Type -eq 'Log') { $failreason = "$database is in simple recovery mode, cannot take log backup" $failures += $failreason Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason" } $lastfull = $database.Refresh().LastBackupDate.Year if ($Type -notin @("Database", "Full") -and $lastfull -eq 1) { $failreason = "$database does not have an existing full backup, cannot take log or differentialbackup" $failures += $failreason Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason" } if ($CopyOnly -ne $True) { $CopyOnly = $false } $server.ConnectionContext.StatementTimeout = 0 $backup = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Backup $backup.Database = $Database.Name $Suffix = "bak" if ($CompressBackup) { if ($server.Edition -like 'Express*' -or ($server.VersionMajor -eq 10 -and $server.VersionMinor -eq 0 -and $server.Edition -notlike '*enterprise*') -or $server.VersionMajor -lt 10) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Compression is not supported with this version/edition of Sql Server" } else { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Compression enabled" $backup.CompressionOption = 1 } } if ($Checksum) { $backup.Checksum = $true } if ($type -in 'diff', 'differential') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating differential backup" $SMOBackuptype = "Database" $backup.Incremental = $true $outputType = 'Differential' } $Backup.NoRecovery = $False if ($Type -eq "Log") { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating log backup" $Suffix = "trn" $OutputType = 'Log' $SMOBackupType = 'Log' $Backup.NoRecovery = $NoRecovery } if ($type -in 'Full', 'Database') { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Creating full backup" $SMOBackupType = "Database" $OutputType = 'Full' } $backup.CopyOnly = $copyonly $backup.Action = $SMOBackupType if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) { $backup.CredentialName = $AzureCredential } Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Sorting Paths" #If a backupfilename has made it this far, use it $FinalBackupPath = @() if ($BackupFileName) { if ($BackupFileName -notlike "*:*") { if (!$BackupDirectory) { $BackupDirectory = $server.BackupDirectory } $BackupFileName = "$BackupDirectory\$BackupFileName" # removed auto suffix } Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Single db and filename" if (Test-DbaSqlPath -SqlInstance $server -Path (Split-Path $BackupFileName)) { $FinalBackupPath += $BackupFileName } else { $failreason = "SQL Server cannot write to the location $(Split-Path $BackupFileName)" $failures += $failreason Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason" } } else { if (!$BackupDirectory) { $BackupDirectory += $server.BackupDirectory } $timestamp = (Get-Date -Format yyyyMMddHHmm) Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting filename" $BackupFileName = "$($dbname)_$timestamp" if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Azure div" $PathDivider = "/" } else { $PathDivider = "\" } Foreach ($path in $BackupDirectory) { if ($CreateFolder) { $Path = $path + $PathDivider + $Database.name Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Creating Folder $Path" if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Creating folder $path")) { if (((New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $path).Created -eq $false) -and '' -eq $AzureBaseUrl) { $failreason = "Cannot create or write to folder $path" $failures += $failreason Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason" } else { $FinalBackupPath += "$path$PathDivider$BackupFileName.$suffix" } } } else { $FinalBackupPath += "$path$PathDivider$BackupFileName.$suffix" } <# The code below attempts to create the directory even when $CreateFolder -- was it supposed to be Test-DbaSqlPath? else { if ((New-DbaSqlDirectory -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -Path $path).Created -eq $false) { $failreason = "Cannot create or write to folder $path" $failures += $failreason Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$failreason" } $FinalBackupPath += "$path\$BackupFileName.$suffix" } #> } } if ('' -eq $AzureBaseUrl) { $file = New-Object System.IO.FileInfo($FinalBackupPath[0]) } $suffix = $file.Extension if ($FileCount -gt 1 -and $FinalBackupPath.count -eq 1) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Striping for Filecount of $filecount" $stripes = $filecount for ($i = 2; $i -lt $stripes + 1; $i++) { $FinalBackupPath += $FinalBackupPath[0].Replace("$suffix", "-$i-of-$stripes$($suffix)") } $FinalBackupPath[0] = $FinalBackupPath[0].Replace("$suffix", "-1-of-$stripes$($suffix)") } elseif ($FinalBackupPath.count -gt 1) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "String for Backup path count of $($FinalBackupPath.count)" $stripes = $FinalbackupPath.count for ($i = 1; $i -lt $stripes + 1; $i++) { $FinalBackupPath[($i - 1)] = $FinalBackupPath[($i - 1)].Replace($suffix, "-$i-of-$stripes$($suffix)") } } $script = $null $backupComplete = $false if (!$failures) { $filecount = $FinalBackupPath.count foreach ($backupfile in $FinalBackupPath) { $device = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.BackupDeviceItem if ('' -ne $AzureBaseUrl) { $device.DeviceType = "URL" } else { $device.DeviceType = "File" } $device.Name = $backupfile $backup.Devices.Add($device) } Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Devices added" $percent = [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.PercentCompleteEventHandler] { Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -percentcomplete $_.Percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", $_.Percent)) } $backup.add_PercentComplete($percent) $backup.PercentCompleteNotification = 1 $backup.add_Complete($complete) if ($MaxTransferSize) { $backup.MaxTransferSize = $MaxTransferSize } if ($BufferCount) { $backup.BufferCount = $BufferCount } if ($BlockSize) { $backup.Blocksize = $BlockSize } Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -percentcomplete 0 -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} %", 0)) try { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($server.Name, "Backing up $dbname to $backupfile")) { $Filelist = @() $FileList += $server.Databases[$dbname].FileGroups.Files | Select-Object @{ Name = "FileType"; Expression = { "D" } }, @{ Name = "Type"; Expression = { "D" } }, @{ Name = "LogicalName"; Expression = { $_.Name } }, @{ Name = "PhysicalName"; Expression = { $_.FileName } } $FileList += $server.Databases[$dbname].LogFiles | Select-Object @{ Name = "FileType"; Expression = { "L" } }, @{ Name = "Type"; Expression = { "L" } }, @{ Name = "LogicalName"; Expression = { $_.Name } }, @{ Name = "PhysicalName"; Expression = { $_.FileName } } $backup.SqlBackup($server) $script = $backup.Script($server) Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backing up database $dbname to $backupfile" -status "Complete" -Completed $BackupComplete = $true if ($server.VersionMajor -eq '8') { $HeaderInfo = Get-BackupAncientHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbname } else { $HeaderInfo = Get-DbaBackupHistory -SqlInstance $server -Database $dbname -Last -IncludeCopyOnly | Sort-Object -Property End -Descending | Select-Object -First 1 } $Verified = $false if ($Verify) { $verifiedresult = [PSCustomObject]@{ SqlInstance = $server.name DatabaseName = $dbname BackupComplete = $BackupComplete BackupFilesCount = $FinalBackupPath.count BackupFile = (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath -leaf) BackupFolder = (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique) BackupPath = ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique) Script = $script Notes = $failures -join (',') FullName = ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique) FileList = $FileList SoftwareVersionMajor = $server.VersionMajor Type = $outputType FirstLsn = $HeaderInfo.FirstLsn DatabaseBackupLsn = $HeaderInfo.DatabaseBackupLsn CheckPointLsn = $HeaderInfo.CheckPointLsn LastLsn = $HeaderInfo.LastLsn BackupSetId = $HeaderInfo.BackupSetId LastRecoveryForkGUID = $HeaderInfo.LastRecoveryForkGUID } | Restore-DbaDatabase -SqlInstance $server -SqlCredential $SqlCredential -DatabaseName DbaVerifyOnly -VerifyOnly -TrustDbBackupHistory -DestinationFilePrefix DbaVerifyOnly if ($verifiedResult[0] -eq "Verify successful") { $failures += $verifiedResult[0] $Verified = $true } else { $failures += $verifiedResult[0] $Verified = $false } } } } catch { if ($NoRecovery -and ($_.Exception.InnerException.InnerException.InnerException -like '*cannot be opened. It is in the middle of a restore.')) { Write-Message -Message "Exception thrown by db going into restoring mode due to recovery" -Leve Verbose } else { Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Backup" -status "Failed" -completed Stop-Function -message "Backup Failed: $($_.Exception.Message)" -EnableException $EnableException -ErrorRecord $_ $BackupComplete = $false } } } $OutputExclude = 'FullName', 'FileList', 'SoftwareVersionMajor' if ($failures.count -eq 0) { $OutputExclude += ('Notes', 'FirstLsn', 'DatabaseBackupLsn', 'CheckpointLsn', 'LastLsn', 'BackupSetId', 'LastRecoveryForkGuid') } $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupComplete -Value $BackupComplete $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFile -Value (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath -leaf) $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFilesCount -Value $FinalBackupPath.count $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupFolder -Value (Split-Path $FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique) $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name BackupPath -Value ($FinalBackupPath | Sort-Object -Unique) $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name DatabaseName -Value $dbname $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Notes -Value ($failures -join (',')) $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Script -Value $script $HeaderInfo | Add-Member -Type NoteProperty -Name Verified -Value $Verified $headerinfo | Select-DefaultView -ExcludeProperty $OutputExclude $BackupFileName = $null } } } |