functions/Write-DbaDataTable.ps1
|
Function Write-DbaDataTable { <# .SYNOPSIS Writes data to a SQL Server Table .DESCRIPTION Writes a .NET DataTable to a SQL Server table using SQL Bulk Copy .PARAMETER SqlServer The SQL Server that you're connecting to. .PARAMETER SqlCredential Credential object used to connect to the SQL Server as a different user be it Windows or SQL Server. Windows users are determiend by the existence of a backslash, so if you are intending to use an alternative Windows connection instead of a SQL login, ensure it contains a backslash. .PARAMETER InputObject This is the DataTable (or datarow) to import to SQL Server. .PARAMETER Table The table name. You can specify a one, two, or three part table name. If you specify a one or two part name, you must also use -Database. If the table does not exist, you can use AutoCreateTable to automatically create the table with inefficient data types. .PARAMETER Schema Defaults to dbo if no schema is specified. .PARAMETER AutoCreateTable Automatically create the table if it doesn't exist. Note that the table will be created with inefficient data types such as nvarchar(max). .PARAMETER NoTableLock By default, a TableLock is placed on the destination table. Use this parameter to remove the lock. .PARAMETER NotifyAfter Sets the option to show the notification after so many rows of import .PARAMETER BatchSize The batchsize for the import defaults to 5000. .PARAMETER TableLock SqlBulkCopy option. Per Microsoft "Obtain a bulk update lock for the duration of the bulk copy operation. When not specified, row locks are used." TableLock is automatically used when Turbo is specified. .PARAMETER CheckConstraints SqlBulkCopy option. Per Microsoft "Check constraints while data is being inserted. By default, constraints are not checked." .PARAMETER FireTriggers SqlBulkCopy option. Per Microsoft "When specified, cause the server to fire the insert triggers for the rows being inserted into the database." .PARAMETER KeepIdentity SqlBulkCopy option. Per Microsoft "Preserve source identity values. When not specified, identity values are assigned by the destination." .PARAMETER KeepNulls SqlBulkCopy option. Per Microsoft "Preserve null values in the destination table regardless of the settings for default values. When not specified, null values are replaced by default values where applicable." .PARAMETER Truncate Prompts for confirmation then truncates destination .PARAMETER Confirm Can disable prompt for confirmation by using -Confirm:$false .PARAMETER WhatIf Shows what would happen if the command were executed .PARAMETER Silent Use this switch to disable any kind of verbose messages .NOTES dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io) Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. .LINK https://dbatools.io/Write-DbaDataTable .EXAMPLE $datatable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable Write-DbaDataTable -SqlServer sql2014 -InputObject $datatable -Table mydb.dbo.customers Quickly and efficiently performs a bulk insert of all the data in customers.csv into database: mydb, schema: dbo, table: customers Shows progress as rows are inserted. If table does not exist, import is halted. .EXAMPLE $datatable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable $datatable | Write-DbaDataTable -SqlServer sql2014 -Table mydb.dbo.customers Performs row by row insert. Super slow. No progress bar. Don't do this. Use -InputObject instead. .EXAMPLE $datatable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable Write-DbaDataTable -SqlServer sql2014 -InputObject $datatable -Table mydb.dbo.customers -AutoCreateTable Quickly and efficiently performs a bulk insert of all the data. If mydb.dbo.customers does not exist, it will be created with inefficient but forgiving datatypes. .EXAMPLE $datatable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable Write-DbaDataTable -SqlServer sql2014 -InputObject $datatable -Table mydb.dbo.customers -Truncate Quickly and efficiently performs a bulk insert of all the data. Prompts to confirm that truncating mydb.dbo.customers prior to import is desired. Prompts again to perform the import. Answer A for Yes to All. .EXAMPLE $datatable = Import-Csv C:\temp\customers.csv | Out-DbaDataTable Write-DbaDataTable -SqlServer sql2014 -InputObject $datatable -Database mydb -Table customers -KeepNulls Quickly and efficiently performs a bulk insert of all the data into mydb.dbo.customers -- since Schema was not specified, dbo was used. Per Microsoft, KeepNulls will "Preserve null values in the destination table regardless of the settings for default values. When not specified, null values are replaced by default values where applicable." .EXAMPLE $process = Get-Process | Out-DbaDataTable Write-DbaDataTable -InputObject $process -SqlServer sql2014 -Database mydb -Table myprocesses -AutoCreateTable Creates a table based on the Process object with over 60 columns, converted from PowerShell data types to SQL Server data types. After the table is created a bulk insert is performed to add process information into the table. This is a good example of the type conversion in action. All process properties are converted, including special types like TimeSpan. Script properties are resolved before the type conversion starts thanks to Out-DbaDataTable. #> [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, ConfirmImpact = "High")] param ( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [Alias("ServerInstance", "SqlInstance")] [object]$SqlServer, [Alias("Credential")] [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$SqlCredential, [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true)] [Alias("DataTable")] [object]$InputObject, [string]$Schema = 'dbo', [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [string]$Table, [int]$BatchSize = 50000, [int]$NotifyAfter = 5000, [switch]$NoTableLock, [switch]$CheckConstraints, [switch]$FireTriggers, [switch]$KeepIdentity, [switch]$KeepNulls, [switch]$Truncate, [switch]$AutoCreateTable, [switch]$Silent ) DynamicParam { if ($sqlserver) { return Get-ParamSqlDatabase -SqlServer $SqlServer -SqlCredential $SqlCredential } } BEGIN { if (!$Truncate) { $ConfirmPreference = "None" } # Getting the total rows copied is a challenge. Use SqlBulkCopyExtension. # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1188384/sqlbulkcopy-row-count-when-complete $source = 'namespace System.Data.SqlClient { using Reflection; public static class SqlBulkCopyExtension { const String _rowsCopiedFieldName = "_rowsCopied"; static FieldInfo _rowsCopiedField = null; public static int RowsCopiedCount(this SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy) { if (_rowsCopiedField == null) _rowsCopiedField = typeof(SqlBulkCopy).GetField(_rowsCopiedFieldName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Instance); return (int)_rowsCopiedField.GetValue(bulkCopy); } } }' Add-Type -ReferencedAssemblies 'System.Data.dll' -TypeDefinition $source -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue $database = $psboundparameters.Database $dotcount = ([regex]::Matches($table, "\.")).count if ($dotcount -lt 2 -and $database -eq $null) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "You must specify a database or fully qualififed table name" Continue } if ($dotcount -eq 1) { $schema = $Table.Split(".")[0] $table = $Table.Split(".")[1] } if ($dotcount -eq 2) { $database = $Table.Split(".")[0] $schema = $Table.Split(".")[1] $table = $Table.Split(".")[2] } $fqtn = "[$database].[$Schema].[$table]" $server = Connect-SqlServer -SqlServer $SqlServer -SqlCredential $SqlCredential $db = $server.Databases | Where-Object { $_.Name -eq $database } if ($db -eq $null) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$database does not exist" continue } $bulkCopyOptions = @() $options = "TableLock", "CheckConstraints", "FireTriggers", "KeepIdentity", "KeepNulls", "Default", "Truncate" foreach ($option in $options) { $optionValue = Get-Variable $option -ValueOnly -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue if ($optionValue -eq $true) { $bulkCopyOptions += "$option" } } $bulkCopyOptions = $bulkCopyOptions -join " & " if ($truncate -eq $true) { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlServer, "Truncating $fqtn")) { try { Write-Message -Level Output -Message "Truncating $fqtn" $null = $server.Databases[$database].ExecuteNonQuery("TRUNCATE TABLE $fqtn") } catch { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "Could not truncate $fqtn. Table may not exist or may have key constraints." } } } $tablelock = $NoTableLock -eq $false if ($InputObject -eq $null) { Write-Message -Once SlowDataTablePipeline -Level Warning -Message "Using the pipeline can be insanely (5 minutes vs 0.5 seconds) slower for larger batches and doesn't show a progress bar. Consider using -InputObject for large batches." } $bulkcopy = New-Object Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy($server.ConnectionContext.ConnectionString) #, $bulkCopyOptions) $bulkcopy.DestinationTableName = $fqtn $bulkcopy.BatchSize = $batchsize $bulkcopy.NotifyAfter = $NotifyAfter $elapsed = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew() # Add rowcount output $bulkCopy.Add_SqlRowscopied({ $script:totalrows = $args[1].RowsCopied $percent = [int](($script:totalrows/$rowcount) * 100) $timetaken = [math]::Round($elapsed.Elapsed.TotalSeconds, 1) Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $rowcount rows" -percentcomplete $percent -status ([System.String]::Format("Progress: {0} rows ({1}%) in {2} seconds", $script:totalrows, $percent, $timetaken)) }) $PStoSQLtypes = @{ #PS datatype = SQL data type 'System.Int32' = 'int'; 'System.UInt32' = 'bigint'; 'System.Int16' = 'smallint'; 'System.UInt16' = 'int'; 'System.Int64' = 'bigint'; 'System.UInt64' = 'decimal(20,0)'; 'System.Decimal' = 'decimal(20,5)'; 'System.Single' = 'bigint'; 'System.Double' = 'float'; 'System.Byte' = 'tinyint'; 'System.SByte' = 'smallint'; 'System.TimeSpan' = 'nvarchar(30)'; 'System.String' = 'nvarchar(MAX)'; 'System.Char' = 'nvarchar(1)' 'System.DateTime' = 'datetime'; 'System.Boolean' = 'bit'; 'System.Guid' = 'uniqueidentifier'; 'Int32' = 'int'; 'UInt32' = 'bigint'; 'Int16' = 'smallint'; 'UInt16' = 'int'; 'Int64' = 'bigint'; 'UInt64' = 'decimal(20,0)'; 'Decimal' = 'decimal(20,5)'; 'Single' = 'bigint'; 'Double' = 'float'; 'Byte' = 'tinyint'; 'SByte' = 'smallint'; 'TimeSpan' = 'nvarchar(30)'; 'String' = 'nvarchar(MAX)'; 'Char' = 'nvarchar(1)' 'DateTime' = 'datetime'; 'Boolean' = 'bit'; 'Bool' = 'bit'; 'Guid' = 'uniqueidentifier'; 'int' = 'int'; 'long' = 'bigint'; } } PROCESS { if ($InputObject -eq $null) { Stop-Function -Message "Input object is null" } $validtypes = @([System.Data.DataSet], [System.Data.DataTable], [System.Data.DataRow], [System.Data.DataRow[]]) #[System.Data.Common.DbDataReader], [System.Data.IDataReader] if ($InputObject.GetType() -notin $validtypes) { Stop-Function -Message "Data is not of the right type (DbDataReader, DataTable, DataRow, or IDataReader). Tip: Try using Out-DbaDataTable to convert the object first." } If ($InputObject.GetType() -eq [System.Data.DataSet]) { if ($InputObject.Tables -ne $null) { $InputObject = $InputObject.Tables } } $db.tables.refresh() $tableExists = $db | Where-Object { $_.Tables.Name -eq $table -and $_.Tables.Schema -eq $schema } if ($tableExists -eq $null) { if ($AutoCreateTable -eq $false) { Stop-Function -Message "$fqtn does not exist. Use -AutoCreateTable to AutoCreate." } else { if ($schema -notin $server.Databases[0].Schemas.Name) { Stop-Function -Message "Schema does not exist" } # Get SQL datatypes by best guess on first data row $sqldatatypes = @(); $index = -1 $columns = $InputObject.Columns if ($columns -eq $null) { $columns = $InputObject.Table.Columns } foreach ($column in $columns) { $sqlcolumnname = $column.ColumnName try { $columnvalue = $InputObject.Rows[0].$sqlcolumnname } catch { $columnvalue = $InputObject.$sqlcolumnname } if ($columnvalue -eq $null) { $columnvalue = $InputObject.$sqlcolumnname } # bigint, float, and datetime are more accurate, but it didn't work # as often as it should have, so we'll just go for a smaller datatype # also, if anyone wants to add support for using the datatable datatypes # to make the table creation more accurate, please do # don't mind if I do :) /John <# Removed to make place for PS to SQL type conversion /John if ([int64]::TryParse($columnvalue, [ref]0) -eq $true) { $sqldatatype = "varchar(50)" } elseif ([double]::TryParse($columnvalue, [ref]0) -eq $true) { $sqldatatype = "varchar(50)" } elseif ([datetime]::TryParse($columnvalue, [ref]0) -eq $true) { $sqldatatype = "varchar(50)" } else { $sqldatatype = "varchar(MAX)" } #> # PS to SQL type conversion # If data type exists in hash table, use the corresponding SQL type # Else, fallback to nvarchar if ($PStoSQLtypes.Keys -contains $column.DataType) { $sqldatatype = $PStoSQLtypes[$($column.DataType.toString())] } else { $sqldatatype = "nvarchar(MAX)" } # Debug, remove when done #Write-Verbose "Column: $sqlcolumnname" #Write-Verbose "PS datatype: $($column.DataType)" #Write-Verbose "SQL datatype: $($sqldatatype)" $sqldatatypes += "[$sqlcolumnname] $sqldatatype" } $sql = "BEGIN CREATE TABLE $fqtn ($($sqldatatypes -join ' NULL,')) END" # Debug, remove when done #Write-Verbose "SQL: $sql" Write-Message -Level Debug -Message $sql if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlServer, "Creating table $fqtn")) { try { $null = $server.Databases[$database].ExecuteNonQuery($sql) } catch { Stop-Function -Message "The following query failed: $sql" } } } } $rowcount = $InputObject.Rows.count if ($rowcount -eq 0) { $rowcount = 1 } if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlServer, "Writing $rowcount rows to $fqtn")) { $bulkCopy.WriteToServer($InputObject) if ($rowcount -is [int]) { Write-Progress -id 1 -activity "Inserting $rowcount rows" -status "Complete" -Completed } } } END { if ($bulkcopy) { $bulkcopy.Close() $bulkcopy.Dispose() } } } |