Private/Initialize-DiskPartition.ps1
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function Initialize-DiskPartition { <# .SYNOPSIS Initializes a disk and creates partitions with the specified layout. .DESCRIPTION Creates partition(s) on a disk using BIOS (MBR), UEFI (GPT), WindowsToGo (MBR), or Data (GPT) layouts. Supports formatting, allocation unit size, recovery partition creation, and overwrite options. Use -RecoveryTools and -RecoveryImage to create recovery partitions. .EXAMPLE Initialize-DiskPartition -DiskNumber 5 -dynamic -size 30GB -DiskLayout BIOS Creates a dynamic partition of 30GB on disk 5 for BIOS (MBR) layout. .EXAMPLE Initialize-DiskPartition -DiskNumber 4 -dynamic -size 40GB -DiskLayout UEFI -NoRecoveryTools Creates a dynamic partition of 40GB on disk 4 for UEFI (GPT) layout, without a recovery tools partition. .EXAMPLE Initialize-DiskPartition -DiskNumber 1 -dynamic -size 40GB -DiskLayout Data -DataFormat ReFS Creates a dynamic partition of 40GB on disk 1 for Data (GPT) layout, formatted as ReFS. .NOTES Helper for disk partition initialization and layout automation. #> [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, PositionalBinding = $false, ConfirmImpact = 'Medium')] Param ( # Disk number, disk must exist [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, HelpMessage = 'Disk Number based on Get-Disk')] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [ValidateScript( { if (Get-Disk -Number $_) { $true } else { Throw "Disk number $_ does not exist." } })] [int]$DiskNumber, # Specifies whether to build the image for BIOS (MBR), UEFI (GPT), Data (GPT), or WindowsToGo (MBR). # Generation 1 VMs require BIOS (MBR) images and have 2-3 partitions. Generation 2 VMs require # UEFI (GPT) images and have 3-4 partitions. # Windows To Go images will boot in UEFI or BIOS [Parameter(Mandatory)] [Alias('Layout')] [string] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [ValidateSet('BIOS', 'UEFI', 'WindowsToGo', 'Data')] $DiskLayout, # Format drive as NTFS or ReFS (Only applies when DiskLayout = Data) [string] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [ValidateSet('NTFS', 'ReFS')] $DataFormat = 'ReFS', # Allocation Unit Size to format the primary partition [int] [ValidateSet(4kb, 8kb, 16kb, 32kb, 64kb, 128kb, 256kb, 512kb, 1024kb, 2048kb)] $AllocationUnitSize, # Output the disk object [switch]$PassThru, # Skip Creation of the Recovery Environment Tools Partition. [switch]$NoRecoveryTools, # System (boot loader) Partition Size [ValidateScript({ $_ -ge 100mb })] [int]$SystemSize = 260MB, # MS Reserved Partition Size [ValidateScript({ $_ -ge 16mb })] [int]$ReservedSize = 128MB, # Recovery Tools Partition Size [ValidateScript({ $_ -ge 200mb })] [int]$RecoverySize = 905MB, # Force the overwrite of existing files [switch]$force ) Begin { if ($PsCmdlet.ShouldProcess("[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] Create [$DiskLayout] partition structure on Disk [$DiskNumber]", "Replace existing Partitions on disk [$DiskNumber] ? ", 'Overwrite WARNING!')) { if (-not (Get-Disk -Number $DiskNumber | Get-Partition -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) -Or $force -Or ((Get-Disk -Number $DiskNumber | Get-Partition -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) -and $PsCmdlet.ShouldContinue("Target Disk [$DiskNumber] has existing partitions! Any existing data will be lost! (suppress with -force)", 'Warning'))) { #region Validate input switch ($DiskLayout) { 'BIOS' { $PartitionStyle = 'MBR' $System = $SystemSize $MsReserved = 0 $Recovery = $RecoverySize } 'UEFI' { $PartitionStyle = 'GPT' $System = $SystemSize $MsReserved = $ReservedSize $Recovery = $RecoverySize } 'Data' { $PartitionStyle = 'GPT' $System = 0 $MsReserved = $ReservedSize $Recovery = 0 } 'WindowsToGo' { $PartitionStyle = 'MBR' $System = $SystemSize $MsReserved = 0 $Recovery = 0 } } if ($NoRecoveryTools) { $Recovery = 0 } #endregion #region create partitions try { Write-Verbose -Message "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : Clearing disk" Clear-disk -Number $diskNumber -RemoveData -RemoveOEM -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue Write-Verbose -Message "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : Initializing disk [$diskNumber] as [$PartitionStyle]" $null = Initialize-Disk -Number $diskNumber -PartitionStyle $PartitionStyle -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue $InitialPartition = Get-Disk -Number $diskNumber -ErrorAction Stop | Get-Partition -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue if ($InitialPartition) { Write-Verbose -Message "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : Clearing disk to start all over" $InitialPartition | Remove-Partition -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } if ($System) { # Create the system partition. Create a data partition so we can format it, then change to ESP $NewPartitionParam = @{ DiskNumber = $diskNumber Size = $System } switch ($PartitionStyle) { GPT { $NewPartitionParam.add('GptType', '{ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7}') } MBR { $NewPartitionParam.add('IsActive', $true) } } Write-Verbose "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : System : Creating partition of [$SysSize] bytes" $systemPartition = New-Partition @NewPartitionParam $FileSystem = 'FAT32' if ($DiskLayout -eq 'Bios') { $FileSystem = 'NTFS' } Write-Verbose "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : System : Formatting [$FileSystem]" $null = Format-Volume -Partition $systemPartition -NewFileSystemLabel 'System' -FileSystem $FileSystem -Force -Confirm:$false if ($DiskLayout -eq 'UEFI') { Write-Verbose "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : System : Setting system partition as ESP" $systemPartition | Set-Partition -GptType '{c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b}' } } if ($MsReserved) { $NewPartitionParam = @{ DiskNumber = $diskNumber Size = $MsReserved GptType = '{e3c9e316-0b5c-4db8-817d-f92df00215ae}' } Write-Verbose "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : MSR : Creating partition of [$MsReserved] bytes" $null = New-Partition @NewPartitionParam } #region Create the Primary partition # Refresh $disk to update free space $disk = Get-Disk -Number $diskNumber | Get-Disk $NewPartitionParam = @{ DiskNumber = $diskNumber Size = $disk.LargestFreeExtent - $Recovery } if ($PartitionStyle -eq 'GPT') { $NewPartitionParam.add('GptType', '{ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7}') } Write-Verbose "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : Primary : Creating partition of [$($disk.LargestFreeExtent - $Recovery)] bytes" Write-Verbose ($NewPartitionParam | out-string) $windowsPartition = New-Partition @NewPartitionParam $FileSystem = 'NTFS' $Label = 'Windows' if ($DiskLayout -eq 'Data') { $FileSystem = $DataFormat $Label = 'Data' } Write-Verbose "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : Primary : Formatting volume [$FileSystem]" $FormatPartitionParam = @{ Partition = $windowsPartition NewFileSystemLabel = $Label FileSystem = $FileSystem } if ($AllocationUnitSize) { $FormatPartitionParam.add('AllocationUnitSize', $AllocationUnitSize) } $null = Format-Volume @FormatPartitionParam -Force -Confirm:$false #endregion Primary Partition if ($Recovery) { Write-Verbose "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : Recovery Tools : Creating partition using remaining free space" $NewPartitionParam = @{ DiskNumber = $diskNumber Size = $Recovery } if ($PartitionStyle -eq 'GPT') { $NewPartitionParam.add('GptType', '{de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac}') } $recoveryImagePartition = New-Partition @NewPartitionParam Write-Verbose "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : Recovery Tools : Formatting volume NTFS" $null = Format-Volume -Partition $recoveryImagePartition -NewFileSystemLabel 'Recovery Tools' -FileSystem NTFS -Force -Confirm:$false #run diskPart to set partition to hidden and prevent deletion #the here string must be left justified if ($PartitionStyle -eq 'GPT') { $null = @" select disk $($diskNumber) select partition $($recoveryImagePartition.partitionNumber) gpt attributes=0x8000000000000001 exit "@ | diskPart.exe } else { $null = @" select disk $($diskNumber) select partition $($recoveryImagePartition.partitionNumber) set id=27 exit "@ | diskPart.exe } } } catch { Write-Error -Message "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] [$diskNumber] : Creating Partitions" throw $_.Exception.Message } #endregion create partitions if ($PassThru) { #write the new disk object to the pipeline Get-Disk -Number $DiskNumber } } else { Throw "[$($MyInvocation.MyCommand)] Aborted by user" } } } } |