PsNtfs.psm1
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function GetDirectories { param ( [Parameter(Mandatory)] [string]$TargetPath, [string]$SearchPattern = '*', [System.IO.SearchOption]$SearchOption = [System.IO.SearchOption]::AllDirectories, # Will be sent to the Type parameter of Write-LogMsg in the PsLogMessage module [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug', # Hostname to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$ThisHostname = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Hashtable of log messages for Write-LogMsg (can be thread-safe if a synchronized hashtable is provided) [hashtable]$LogMsgCache = $Global:LogMessages ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream LogMsgCache = $LogMsgCache WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } # Try to run the command as instructed Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.IO.Directory]::GetDirectories('$TargetPath','$SearchPattern',[System.IO.SearchOption]::$SearchOption)" try { $result = [System.IO.Directory]::GetDirectories($TargetPath, $SearchPattern, $SearchOption) return $result } catch { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Type Warning -Text $_.Exception.Message } # Sometimes access is denied to a single buried subdirectory, so we will try searching the top directory only and then recursing through results one at a time try { $result = [System.IO.Directory]::GetDirectories($TargetPath, $SearchPattern, [System.IO.SearchOption]::TopDirectoryOnly) } catch { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Type Warning -Text $_.Exception.Message return } $GetSubfolderParams = @{ LogMsgCache = $LogMsgCache ThisHostname = $TodaysHostname DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } ForEach ($Child in $result) { GetDirectories -TargetPath $Child -SearchPattern $SearchPattern -SearchOption $SearchOption @GetSubfolderParams } } function ConvertTo-SimpleProperty { param ( $InputObject, [string]$Property, [hashtable]$PropertyDictionary = @{}, [string]$Prefix ) $Value = $InputObject.$Property [string]$Type = $null if ($Value) { # Ensure the GetType method exists to avoid this error: # The following exception occurred while retrieving member "GetType": "Not implemented" if (Get-Member -InputObject $Value -Name GetType) { [string]$Type = $Value.GetType().FullName } else { # The only scenario we've encountered where the GetType() method does not exist is DirectoryEntry objects from the WinNT provider # Force the type to 'System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry' [string]$Type = 'System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry' } } switch ($Type) { 'System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = ConvertFrom-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryEntry $Value } 'System.DirectoryServices.PropertyCollection' { $ThisObject = @{} <# This error was happening when: A DirectoryEntry has a SchemaEntry property which is a DirectoryEntry which has a Properties property which is a System.DirectoryServices.PropertyCollection but throws the following error to the Success stream (not the error stream, so it is hard to catch): PS C:\Users\Test> $ThisDirectoryEntry.Properties format-default : The entry properties cannot be enumerated. Consider using the entry schema to determine what properties are available. + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [format-default], NotSupportedException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.NotSupportedException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.FormatDefaultCommand To catch the error we will redirect the Success Stream to the Error Stream Then if the Exception type matches, we will use the continue keyword to break out of the current switch statement #> $KeyCount = $Value.Keys.$KeyCount if (-not $KeyCount -gt 0) { continue } ForEach ($ThisProperty in $Value.Keys) { $ThisPropertyString = ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString -PropertyValueCollection $Value[$ThisProperty] $ThisObject[$ThisProperty] = $ThisPropertyString # This copies the properties up to the top level. # Want to remove this later # The nested pscustomobject accomplishes the goal of removing hashtables and PropertyValueCollections and PropertyCollections # But I may have existing functionality expecting these properties so I am not yet ready to remove this # When I am, I should move this code into a ConvertFrom-PropertyCollection function in the Adsi module $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$ThisProperty"] = $ThisPropertyString } $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = [PSCustomObject]$ThisObject continue } 'System.DirectoryServices.PropertyValueCollection' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString -PropertyValueCollection $Value continue } 'System.Object[]' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = $Value continue } 'System.Object' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = $Value continue } 'System.DirectoryServices.SearchResult' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = ConvertFrom-SearchResult -SearchResult $Value continue } 'System.DirectoryServices.ResultPropertyCollection' { $ThisObject = @{} ForEach ($ThisProperty in $Value.Keys) { $ThisPropertyString = ConvertFrom-ResultPropertyValueCollectionToString -ResultPropertyValueCollection $Value[$ThisProperty] $ThisObject[$ThisProperty] = $ThisPropertyString # This copies the properties up to the top level. # Want to remove this later # The nested pscustomobject accomplishes the goal of removing hashtables and PropertyValueCollections and PropertyCollections # But I may have existing functionality expecting these properties so I am not yet ready to remove this # When I am, I should move this code into a ConvertFrom-PropertyCollection function in the Adsi module $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$ThisProperty"] = $ThisPropertyString } $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = [PSCustomObject]$ThisObject continue } 'System.DirectoryServices.ResultPropertyValueCollection' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = ConvertFrom-ResultPropertyValueCollectionToString -ResultPropertyValueCollection $Value continue } 'System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = $Value continue } 'System.Collections.Hashtable' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = [PSCustomObject]$Value continue } 'System.Byte[]' { $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation -ByteArray $Value } default { <# By default we will just let most types get cast as a string Includes but not limited to: $null (because GetType is not implemented) System.String System.Boolean #> $PropertyDictionary["$Prefix$Property"] = "$Value" continue } } return $PropertyDictionary } function Expand-AccountPermission { <# .SYNOPSIS Expand an object representing a security principal and into a collection of objects respresenting the access control entries for that principal .DESCRIPTION Expand an object from Format-SecurityPrincipal (one object per principal, containing nested access entries) into flat objects (one per access entry per account) .INPUTS [pscustomobject]$AccountPermission .OUTPUTS [pscustomobject] One object per access control entry per account .EXAMPLE (Get-Acl).Access | Group-Object -Property IdentityReference | Expand-IdentityReference | Format-SecurityPrincipal | Expand-AccountPermission Incomplete example but it shows the chain of functions to generate the expected input for this #> param ( # Object that was output from Format-SecurityPrincipal $AccountPermission, # Properties to exclude from the output because they cause problems or are unnecessary/redundant/undesirable # All properties listed on a single line to workaround a bug in PlatyPS when building MAML help # (error is 'Invalid yaml: expected simple key-value pairs') # Caused by multi-line default parameter values in the markdown [string[]]$PropertiesToExclude = @('NativeObject', 'NtfsAccessControlEntries', 'Group') ) ForEach ($Account in $AccountPermission) { $Props = @{} $AccountNoteProperties = $Account | Get-Member -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty | Where-Object -Property Name -NotIn $PropertiesToExclude ForEach ($ThisProperty in $AccountNoteProperties) { if ($null -eq $Props[$ThisProperty.Name]) { $Props = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $Account -Property $ThisProperty.Name -PropertyDictionary $Props } } ForEach ($ACE in $Account.NtfsAccessControlEntries) { $ACENoteProperties = $ACE | Get-Member -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty ForEach ($ThisProperty in $ACENoteProperties) { $Props = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $ACE -Property $ThisProperty.Name -PropertyDictionary $Props -Prefix "ACE" } $Props['SourceAclPath'] = $ACE.SourceAccessList.Path [pscustomobject]$Props } } } function Expand-Acl { <# .SYNOPSIS Expand an Access Control List into its constituent Access Control Entries .DESCRIPTION Enumerate the members of the Access property of the $InputObject parameter (which is an AuthorizationRuleCollection or similar) Append the original ACL to each member as a SourceAccessList property Then return each member .INPUTS [PSObject]$InputObject Expected: [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]$InputObject from Get-Acl or [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity]$InputObject from Get-Acl .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] .EXAMPLE Get-Acl | Expand-Acl Use Get-Acl from the Microsoft.PowerShell.Security module as the source of the access list This works in either Windows Powershell or in Powershell Get-Acl does not support long paths (>256 characters) That was why I originally used the .Net Framework method #> param ( # Access Control List whose Access Control Entries to return # Expects [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity] objects from Get-Acl or otherwise # Expects [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity] objects from Get-Acl or otherwise # Accepts any [PSObject] as long as it has an 'Access' property that contains a collection [Parameter( ValueFromPipeline )] [PSObject]$InputObject ) process { ForEach ($ThisInputObject in $InputObject) { $ObjectProperties = @{ SourceAccessList = $ThisInputObject } $AllACEs = $ThisInputObject.Access $AceProperties = (Get-Member -InputObject $AllACEs[0] -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name ForEach ($ThisACE in $AllACEs) { ForEach ($ThisProperty in $AceProperties) { $ObjectProperties["$Prefix$ThisProperty"] = $ThisACE.$ThisProperty } [PSCustomObject]$ObjectProperties } } } } function Find-ServerNameInPath { <# .SYNOPSIS Parse a literal path to find its server .DESCRIPTION Currently only supports local file paths or UNC paths .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.String] representing the name of the server that was extracted from the path .EXAMPLE Find-ServerNameInPath -LiteralPath 'C:\Test' Return the hostname of the local computer because a local filepath was used .EXAMPLE Find-ServerNameInPath -LiteralPath '\\server123\Test\' Return server123 because a UNC path for a folder shared on server123 was used #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( [string]$LiteralPath, <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName) ) if ($LiteralPath[1] -eq '\') { #UNC $SkippedFirstTwoChars = $LiteralPath.Substring(2, $LiteralPath.Length - 2) $NextSlashIndex = $SkippedFirstTwoChars.IndexOf('\') $SkippedFirstTwoChars.Substring(0, $NextSlashIndex).Replace('?', $ThisFqdn) } else { #Local $ThisFqdn } } function Format-FolderPermission { Param ( # Expects ACEs grouped using Group-Object $UserPermission, # Ignore these FileSystemRights [string[]]$FileSystemRightsToIgnore = @('Synchronize'), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Dictionary of log messages for Write-LogMsg (can be thread-safe if a synchronized hashtable is provided) [hashtable]$LogMsgCache = $Global:LogMessages ) begin { $i = 0 $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = 'Verbose' LogMsgCache = $LogMsgCache WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $Activity = "Format-FolderPermission -FileSystemRightsToIgnore @('$($FileSystemRightsToIgnore -join "','")')" } process { $Count = ($UserPermission | Measure-Object).Count ForEach ($ThisUser in $UserPermission) { #Calculate the completion percentage, and format it to show 0 decimal places $i++ $NewPercentComplete = $i / $Count * 100 #Update the log with the current status [string]$statusMsg = "$([int]$NewPercentComplete)% ($($Count - $i) of $Count remain) Formatting user permission $i of $Count`: $($ThisUser.Name)" Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text $statusMsg # Update the progress bar if at least 1% has completed since last loop iteration if (($NewPercentComplete - $OldPercentComplete) -ge 1) { $OldPercentComplete = $NewPercentComplete $Progress = @{ Activity = $Activity CurrentOperation = $statusMsg PercentComplete = $NewPercentComplete Status = $statusMsg } Write-Progress -Activity @Progress } if ($ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties) { if ( ( $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry | ForEach-Object { if ($null -ne $_) { $_.GetType().FullName 2>$null } } ) -contains 'System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject' ) { $Names = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties.Name $Depts = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties.Department $Titles = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties.Title } else { $Names = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry | ForEach-Object { if ($_.Properties) { $_.Properties['name'] } } $Depts = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry | ForEach-Object { if ($_.Properties) { $_.Properties['department'] } } $Titles = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry | ForEach-Object { if ($_.Properties) { $_.Properties['title'] } } if ($ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties['objectclass'] -contains 'group' -or "$($ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties['groupType'])" -ne '' ) { $SchemaClassName = 'group' } else { $SchemaClassName = 'user' } } $Name = @($Names)[0] $Dept = @($Depts)[0] $Title = @($Titles)[0] } else { $Name = @($ThisUser.Group.name)[0] $Dept = @($ThisUser.Group.department)[0] $Title = @($ThisUser.Group.title)[0] if ($ThisUser.Group.Properties) { if ( $ThisUser.Group.Properties['objectclass'] -contains 'group' -or "$($ThisUser.Group.Properties['groupType'])" -ne '' ) { $SchemaClassName = 'group' } else { $SchemaClassName = 'user' } } else { if ($ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.SchemaClassName) { $SchemaClassName = @($ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.SchemaClassName)[0] } else { $SchemaClassName = @($ThisUser.Group.SchemaClassName)[0] } } } if ("$Name" -eq '') { $Name = $ThisUser.Name } ForEach ($ThisACE in $ThisUser.Group) { switch ($ThisACE.ACEInheritanceFlags) { 'ContainerInherit, ObjectInherit' { $Scope = 'this folder, subfolders, and files' } 'ContainerInherit' { $Scope = 'this folder and subfolders' } 'ObjectInherit' { $Scope = 'this folder and files, but not subfolders' } default { $Scope = 'this folder but not subfolders' } } if ($null -eq $ThisUser.Group.IdentityReference) { $IdentityReference = $null } else { $IdentityReference = $ThisACE.ACEIdentityReferenceResolved } $FileSystemRights = $ThisACE.ACEFileSystemRights ForEach ($Ignore in $FileSystemRightsToIgnore) { $FileSystemRights = $FileSystemRights -replace ", $Ignore\Z", '' -replace "$Ignore,", '' } [pscustomobject]@{ Folder = $ThisACE.ACESourceAccessList.Path FolderInheritanceEnabled = !($ThisACE.ACESourceAccessList.AreAccessRulesProtected) Access = "$($ThisACE.ACEAccessControlType) $FileSystemRights $Scope" Account = $ThisUser.Name Name = $Name Department = $Dept Title = $Title IdentityReference = $IdentityReference AccessControlEntry = $ThisACE SchemaClassName = $SchemaClassName } } } } end { Write-Progress -Activity $Activity -Completed } } function Format-SecurityPrincipal { # Format Security Principals (distinguish group members from principals directly listed in the NTFS DACLs) # The IdentityReference property will be null for any principals directly listed in the NTFS DACLs param ( # Security Principals received from Expand-IdentityReference in the Adsi module $SecurityPrincipal ) ForEach ($ThisPrincipal in $SecurityPrincipal) { # Format and output the security principal $ThisPrincipal | Select-Object -ExcludeProperty Name -Property @{ Label = 'User' Expression = { $ThisPrincipalAccount = $null if ($_.Properties) { $ThisPrincipalAccount = $_.Properties['sAmAccountName'] } if ("$ThisPrincipalAccount" -eq '') { $_.Name } else { $ThisPrincipalAccount } } }, @{ Label = 'IdentityReference' Expression = { $null } }, @{ Label = 'NtfsAccessControlEntries' Expression = { $_.Group } }, @{ Label = 'Name' Expression = { $ThisName = $null if ($_.DirectoryEntry.Properties) { $ThisName = $_.DirectoryEntry.Properties['name'] } if ("$ThisName" -eq '') { $_.Name -replace [regex]::Escape("$($_.DomainNetBios)\"), '' } else { $ThisName } } }, * # Format and output its members if it is a group $ThisPrincipal.Members | Select-Object -Property @{ Label = 'User' Expression = { $ThisPrincipalAccount = $null if ($_.Properties) { $ThisPrincipalAccount = $_.Properties['sAmAccountName'] if ("$ThisPrincipalAccount" -eq '') { $ThisPrincipalAccount = $_.Properties['Name'] } } if ("$ThisPrincipalAccount" -eq '') { # This code should never execute # but if we are somehow not dealing with a DirectoryEntry, # it will not have sAmAcountName or Name properties # However it may have a direct Name attribute on the PSObject itself # We will attempt that as a last resort in hopes of avoiding a null Account name $ThisPrincipalAccount = $_.Name } "$($_.Domain.Netbios)\$ThisPrincipalAccount" } }, @{ Label = 'IdentityReference' Expression = { @($ThisPrincipal.Group.IdentityReferenceResolved)[0] } }, @{ Label = 'NtfsAccessControlEntries' Expression = { $ThisPrincipal.Group } }, @{ Label = 'ObjectType' Expression = { $_.SchemaClassName } }, * } } function Get-DirectorySecurity { <# .SYNOPSIS Alternative to Get-Acl designed to be as lightweight and flexible as possible Lightweight: Does not return the Path property like Get-Acl does Flexible how? Was it long paths? DFS? Can't remember what didn't work with Get-Acl TEMP NOTE: Get-DirectorySecurity combined with Get-FileSystemAccessRule is basically what Get-FolderACE does .DESCRIPTION Returns an object for each access control entry instead of a single object for the ACL Excludes inherited permissions by default but allows them to be included with the -IncludeInherited switch parameter .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] .NOTES Currently only supports Directories but could easily be copied to support files, or Registry or AD providers #> param( # Path to the directory whose permissions to get [string]$LiteralPath, # Include all sections except Audit because it requires admin rights if run on the local system and we want to avoid that requirement [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]$Sections = ( [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Access -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Owner -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Group) ) [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]::new( $LiteralPath, $Sections ) } function Get-FileSystemAccessRule { <# .SYNOPSIS Alternative to Get-Acl designed to be as lightweight and flexible as possible TEMP NOTE: Get-DirectorySecurity combined with Get-FileSystemAccessRule is basically what Get-FolderACE does .DESCRIPTION Returns an object for each access control entry instead of a single object for the ACL Excludes inherited permissions by default but allows them to be included with the -IncludeInherited switch parameter .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] .NOTES Currently only supports Directories but could easily be copied to support files, or Registry or AD providers #> param( # Discretionary Access List whose FileSystemAccessRules to return [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]$DirectorySecurity, # Include inherited Access Control Entries in the results [Switch]$IncludeInherited, # Include non-inherited Access Control Entries in the results [bool]$IncludeExplicitRules = $true, # Type of IdentityReference to return in each ACE [System.Type]$AccountType = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier], # Will be sent to the Type parameter of Write-LogMsg in the PsLogMessage module [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Silent', # Hostname to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$TodaysHostname = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Hashtable of log messages for Write-LogMsg (can be thread-safe if a synchronized hashtable is provided) [hashtable]$LogMsgCache = $Global:LogMessages ) $AccessRules = $DirectorySecurity.GetAccessRules($IncludeExplicitRules, $IncludeInherited, $AccountType) if ($AccessRules.Count -lt 1) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "# Found no matching access rules for '$LiteralPath'" return } $ACEPropertyNames = (Get-Member -InputObject $AccessRules[0] -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name ForEach ($ThisAccessRule in $AccessRules) { $ACEProperties = @{ SourceAccessList = $SourceAccessList Source = 'Discretionary Access List' } ForEach ($ThisProperty in $ACEPropertyNames) { $ACEProperties[$ThisProperty] = $ThisAccessRule.$ThisProperty } [PSCustomObject]$ACEProperties } <# The creator of a folder is the Owner Unless S-1-3-4 (Owner Rights) is in the DACL, the Owner is implicitly granted two standard access rights defined in WinNT.h of the Win32 API: READ_CONTROL: The right to read the information in the object's security descriptor, not including the information in the system access control list (SACL). WRITE_DAC: The right to modify the discretionary access control list (DACL) in the object's security descriptor. Output an object for the Owner as well to represent that they have Full Control #> [PSCustomObject]@{ SourceAccessList = $SourceAccessList Source = 'Ownership' IsInherited = $false IdentityReference = $DirectorySecurity.Owner -replace '^O:', '' FileSystemRights = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::FullControl InheritanceFlags = [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ContainerInherit -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ObjectInherit PropagationFlags = [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::None AccessControlType = [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow } } function Get-FolderAce { <# .SYNOPSIS Alternative to Get-Acl designed to be as lightweight and flexible as possible Lightweight: Does not return the Path property like Get-Acl does Flexible how? Was it long paths? DFS? Can't remember what didn't work with Get-Acl .DESCRIPTION Returns an object for each access control entry instead of a single object for the ACL Excludes inherited permissions by default but allows them to be included with the -IncludeInherited switch parameter .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] .NOTES Currently only supports Directories but could easily be copied to support files, or Registry or AD providers #> param( # Path to the directory whose permissions to get [string]$LiteralPath, # Include inherited Access Control Entries in the results [Switch]$IncludeInherited, # Include all sections except Audit because it requires admin rights if run on the local system and we want to avoid that requirement [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]$Sections = ( [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Access -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Owner -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Group), # Include non-inherited Access Control Entries in the results [bool]$IncludeExplicitRules = $true, # Type of IdentityReference to return in each ACE [System.Type]$AccountType = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier], # Will be sent to the Type parameter of Write-LogMsg in the PsLogMessage module [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug', # Hostname to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$ThisHostname = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Thread-safe cache of items and their owners [System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary[String, PSCustomObject]]$OwnerCache = [System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary[String, PSCustomObject]]::new() ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream LogMsgCache = $LogMsgCache WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]::new('$LiteralPath', '$Sections')" $DirectorySecurity = & { [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]::new( $LiteralPath, $Sections ) } 2>$null if ($null -eq $DirectorySecurity) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Type Warning -Text "# Found no ACL for '$LiteralPath'" -Type Warning @LogParams return } <# Get-Acl would have already populated the Path property on the Access List, but [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity] has a null Path property instead Creating new PSCustomObjects with all the original properties then manually setting the Path is faster than using Add-Member #> $AclProperties = @{} ForEach ( $ThisProperty in (Get-Member -InputObject $DirectorySecurity -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name ) { $AclProperties[$ThisProperty] = $DirectorySecurity.$ThisProperty } $AclProperties['Path'] = $LiteralPath <# The creator of a folder is the Owner Unless S-1-3-4 (Owner Rights) is in the DACL, the Owner is implicitly granted two standard access rights defined in WinNT.h of the Win32 API: READ_CONTROL: The right to read the information in the object's security descriptor, not including the information in the system access control list (SACL). WRITE_DAC: The right to modify the discretionary access control list (DACL) in the object's security descriptor. Previously the .Owner property was already populated with the NTAccount name of the Owner, but for some reason this stopped being true and now I have to call the GetOwner method. This at least lets us specify the AccountType to match what is used when calling the GetAccessRules method. #> Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]::new('$LiteralPath', '$Sections').GetOwner([$AccountType])" $AclProperties['Owner'] = $DirectorySecurity.GetOwner($AccountType).Value $SourceAccessList = [PSCustomObject]$AclProperties # Update the OwnerCache with the Source Access List, so that Get-OwnerAce can output an object for the Owner to represent that they have Full Control $OwnerCache[$LiteralPath] = $SourceAccessList # Use the same timestamp twice for efficiency through reduced calls to Get-Date, and for easy matching of the corresponding log entries Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]::new('$LiteralPath', '$Sections').GetAccessRules(`$$IncludeExplicitRules, `$$IncludeInherited, [$AccountType])" $AccessRules = $DirectorySecurity.GetAccessRules($IncludeExplicitRules, $IncludeInherited, $AccountType) if ($AccessRules.Count -lt 1) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "# Found no matching access rules for '$LiteralPath'" return } $ACEPropertyNames = (Get-Member -InputObject $AccessRules[0] -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name ForEach ($ThisAccessRule in $AccessRules) { $ACEProperties = @{ SourceAccessList = $SourceAccessList Source = 'Discretionary Access Control List' } ForEach ($ThisProperty in $ACEPropertyNames) { $ACEProperties[$ThisProperty] = $ThisAccessRule.$ThisProperty } [PSCustomObject]$ACEProperties } } function Get-OwnerAce { param ( # Path to the parent item whose owners to export [string]$Item, # Thread-safe cache of items and their owners [System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary[String, PSCustomObject]]$OwnerCache = [System.Collections.Concurrent.ConcurrentDictionary[String, PSCustomObject]]::new() ) # ToDo - Confirm the logic for selecting this to make sure it accurately represents NTFS ownership behavior, then replace this comment with that confirmation and an explanation $InheritanceFlags = [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ContainerInherit -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::ObjectInherit $SourceAccessList = $OwnerCache[$Item] $ThisParent = $Item.Substring(0, [math]::Max($Item.LastIndexOf('\'), 0)) # ToDo - This method of finding the parent path is faster than Split-Path -Parent but it has a dependency on a folder path not containing a trailing \ which is not currently what I am seeing in my simple test but should be supported in the future (possibly default) if ($SourceAccessList.Owner -ne $OwnerCache[$ThisParent].Owner) { [PSCustomObject]@{ SourceAccessList = $SourceAccessList IdentityReference = $SourceAccessList.Owner AccessControlType = [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow FileSystemRights = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::FullControl InheritanceFlags = $InheritanceFlags IsInherited = $false PropagationFlags = [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::None Source = 'Ownership' } } } function Get-ServerFromFilePath { param ( [string]$FilePath, <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName) ) if ($FilePath[1] -eq '\') { #UNC $SkippedFirstTwoChars = $FilePath.Substring(2, $FilePath.Length - 2) $NextSlashIndex = $SkippedFirstTwoChars.IndexOf('\') $SkippedFirstTwoChars.Substring(0, $NextSlashIndex) } else { #Local $ThisFqdn } } function Get-Subfolder { # Use the fastest available method to enumerate subfolders [CmdletBinding()] param ( # Parent folder whose subfolders to enumerate [string]$TargetPath, <# How many levels of subfolder to enumerate Set to 0 to ignore all subfolders Set to -1 (default) to recurse infinitely Set to any whole number to enumerate that many levels #> [int]$FolderRecursionDepth = -1, # Will be sent to the Type parameter of Write-LogMsg in the PsLogMessage module [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug', # Hostname to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$ThisHostname = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Hashtable of log messages for Write-LogMsg (can be thread-safe if a synchronized hashtable is provided) [hashtable]$LogMsgCache = $Global:LogMessages ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream LogMsgCache = $LogMsgCache WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $GetSubfolderParams = @{ LogMsgCache = $LogMsgCache ThisHostname = $TodaysHostname DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } if ($FolderRecursionDepth -eq -1) { $DepthString = '∞' } else { $DepthString = $FolderRecursionDepth } Write-Progress -Activity ("Retrieving subfolders...") -Status ("Enumerating all subfolders of '$TargetPath' to a depth of $DepthString levels of recursion") -PercentComplete 50 if ($Host.Version.Major -gt 2) { switch ($FolderRecursionDepth) { -1 { GetDirectories -TargetPath $TargetPath -SearchOption ([System.IO.SearchOption]::AllDirectories) @GetSubfolderParams } 0 {} 1 { GetDirectories -TargetPath $TargetPath -SearchOption ([System.IO.SearchOption]::TopDirectoryOnly) @GetSubfolderParams } Default { $FolderRecursionDepth = $FolderRecursionDepth - 1 Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-ChildItem '$TargetPath' -Force -Name -Recurse -Attributes Directory -Depth $FolderRecursionDepth" (Get-ChildItem $TargetPath -Force -Recurse -Attributes Directory -Depth $FolderRecursionDepth).FullName } } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-ChildItem '$TargetPath' -Recurse" Get-ChildItem $TargetPath -Recurse | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.PSIsContainer } | ForEach-Object { $_.FullName } } Write-Progress -Activity ("Retrieving subfolders...") -Completed } function Get-Win32MappedLogicalDisk { param ( [string]$ComputerName, <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Dictionary of log messages for Write-LogMsg (can be thread-safe if a synchronized hashtable is provided) [hashtable]$LogMsgCache = $Global:LogMessages ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = 'Debug' LogMsgCache = $LogMsgCache WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } if ( $ComputerName -eq $ThisHostname -or $ComputerName -eq "$ThisHostname." -or $ComputerName -eq $ThisFqdn ) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_MappedLogicalDisk" Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_MappedLogicalDisk } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-CimInstance -ComputerName $ComputerName -ClassName Win32_MappedLogicalDisk" # If an Active Directory domain is targeted there are no local accounts and CIM connectivity is not expected # Suppress errors and return nothing in that case Get-CimInstance -ComputerName $ComputerName -ClassName Win32_MappedLogicalDisk -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } } function New-NtfsAclIssueReport { param ( $FolderPermissions, $UserPermissions, <# If specified, all groups that have NTFS access to the target folder/subfolders will be evaluated for compliance with this naming convention The naming format that will be used for the users is CONTOSO\User1 where CONTOSO is the NetBIOS name of the domain, and User1 is the samAccountName of the user By default, this is a scriptblock that always evaluates to $true so it doesn't evaluate any naming convention compliance #> [scriptblock]$GroupNameRule = { $true }, <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Dictionary of log messages for Write-LogMsg (can be thread-safe if a synchronized hashtable is provided) [hashtable]$LogMsgCache = $Global:LogMessages ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = 'Verbose' LogMsgCache = $LogMsgCache WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $IssuesDetected = $false # List of folders with broken inheritance (recommend moving to higher level to avoid breaking inheritance. Deny entries are a less desirable alternative) $FoldersWithBrokenInheritance = $FolderPermissions | Select-Object -Skip 1 | Where-Object -FilterScript { @($_.Group.FolderInheritanceEnabled)[0] -eq $false -and (($_.Name -replace ([regex]::Escape($TargetPath)), '' -split '\\') | Measure-Object).Count -ne 2 } $Count = ($FoldersWithBrokenInheritance | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "folders with broken inheritance: $($FoldersWithBrokenInheritance.Name -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$Count $Txt" # List of ACEs for groups that do not match the specified naming convention # Invert the naming convention scriptblock (because we actually want to identify groups that do NOT follow the convention) $ViolatesNamingConvention = [scriptblock]::Create("!($GroupNameRule)") $NonCompliantGroups = $SecurityPrincipals | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.ObjectType -contains 'Group' } | Where-Object -FilterScript $ViolatesNamingConvention | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Group | ForEach-Object { "$($_.IdentityReference) on '$($_.Path)'" } $Count = ($NonCompliantGroups | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "groups that don't match naming convention: $($NonCompliantGroups -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$Count $Txt" # ACEs for users (recommend replacing with group-based access on any folder that is not a home folder) $UserACEs = $UserPermissions.Group | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.ObjectType -contains 'User' -and $_.ACEIdentityReference -ne 'S-1-5-18' # The 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM' account is part of default Windows file permissions and is out of scope } | ForEach-Object { "$($_.User) on '$($_.SourceAclPath)'" } | Sort-Object -Unique $Count = ($UserACEs | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "users with ACEs: $($UserACEs -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$Count $Txt" # ACEs for unresolvable SIDs (recommend removing these ACEs) $SIDsToCleanup = $UserPermissions.Group.NtfsAccessControlEntries | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.IdentityReference -match 'S-\d+-\d+-\d+-\d+-\d+\-\d+\-\d+' } | ForEach-Object { "$($_.IdentityReference) on '$($_.Path)'" } | Sort-Object -Unique $Count = ($SIDsToCleanup | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "ACEs for unresolvable SIDs: $($SIDsToCleanup -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$Count $Txt" # CREATOR OWNER access (recommend replacing with group-based access, or with explicit user access for a home folder.) $FoldersWithCreatorOwner = ($UserPermissions | ? { $_.Name -match 'CREATOR OWNER' }).Group.NtfsAccessControlEntries.Path | Sort -Unique $Count = ($FoldersWithCreatorOwner | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "folders with 'CREATOR OWNER' ACEs: $($FoldersWithCreatorOwner -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$Count $Txt" [PSCustomObject]@{ IssueDetected = $IssuesDetected FoldersWithBrokenInheritance = $FoldersWithBrokenInheritance NonCompliantGroups = $NonCompliantGroups UserACEs = $UserACEs SIDsToCleanup = $SIDsToCleanup FoldersWithCreatorOwner = $FoldersWithCreatorOwner } } function Resolve-Folder { # Resolve the provided FolderPath to all of its associated UNC paths param ( [string[]]$FolderPath ) process { foreach ($TargetPath in $FolderPath) { $RegEx = '^(?<DriveLetter>\w):' if ($TargetPath -match $RegEx) { $MappedNetworkDrives = Get-Win32MappedLogicalDisk $MatchingNetworkDrive = $MappedNetworkDrives | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.DeviceID -eq "$($Matches.DriveLetter):" } if ($MatchingNetworkDrive) { # Resolve mapped network drives to their UNC path $UNC = $MatchingNetworkDrive.ProviderName } else { # Resolve local drive letters to their UNC paths using administrative shares $UNC = $TargetPath -replace $RegEx, "\\$(hostname)\$($Matches.DriveLetter)$" } if ($UNC) { # Replace hostname with FQDN in the path $Server = $UNC.split('\')[2] $FQDN = ConvertTo-DnsFqdn -ComputerName $Server $UNC -replace "^\\\\$Server\\", "\\$FQDN\" } } else { ## Workaround in place: Get-NetDfsEnum -Verbose parameter is not used due to errors when it is used with the PsRunspace module for multithreading ## https://github.com/IMJLA/Export-Permission/issues/46 ## https://github.com/IMJLA/PsNtfs/issues/1 $AllDfs = Get-NetDfsEnum -FolderPath $TargetPath -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue if ($AllDfs) { $MatchingDfsEntryPaths = $AllDfs | Group-Object -Property DfsEntryPath | Where-Object -FilterScript { $TargetPath -match [regex]::Escape($_.Name) } # Filter out the DFS Namespace # TODO: I know this is an inefficient n2 algorithm, but my brain is fried...plez...halp...leeloo dallas multipass $RemainingDfsEntryPaths = $MatchingDfsEntryPaths | Where-Object -FilterScript { -not [bool]$( ForEach ($ThisEntryPath in $MatchingDfsEntryPaths) { if ($ThisEntryPath.Name -match "$([regex]::Escape("$($_.Name)")).+") { $true } } ) } | Sort-Object -Property Name $RemainingDfsEntryPaths | Select-Object -Last 1 -ExpandProperty Group | ForEach-Object { $_.FullOriginalQueryPath -replace [regex]::Escape($_.DfsEntryPath), $_.DfsTarget } } else { $Server = $TargetPath.split('\')[2] $FQDN = ConvertTo-DnsFqdn -ComputerName $Server $TargetPath -replace "^\\\\$Server\\", "\\$FQDN\" } } } } } <# # Dot source any functions ForEach ($ThisScript in $ScriptFiles) { # Dot source the function . $($ThisScript.FullName) } #> Export-ModuleMember -Function @('ConvertTo-SimpleProperty','Expand-AccountPermission','Expand-Acl','Find-ServerNameInPath','Format-FolderPermission','Format-SecurityPrincipal','Get-DirectorySecurity','Get-FileSystemAccessRule','Get-FolderAce','Get-OwnerAce','Get-ServerFromFilePath','Get-Subfolder','Get-Win32MappedLogicalDisk','New-NtfsAclIssueReport','Resolve-Folder') |