PsNtfs.psm1
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function GetDirectories { param ( [Parameter(Mandatory)] [string]$TargetPath, [string]$SearchPattern = '*', [System.IO.SearchOption]$SearchOption = [System.IO.SearchOption]::AllDirectories ) Write-Debug " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGetDirectories`t[System.IO.Directory]::GetDirectories('$TargetPath',$SearchPattern,[System.IO.SearchOption]::$SearchOption)" try { # SearchPattern is encased in double quotes because this returns an error in PS 5.1: # [System.IO.Directory]::GetDirectories('C:\Test',*,[System.IO.SearchOption]::AllDirectories) [System.IO.Directory]::GetDirectories($TargetPath, "$SearchPattern", $SearchOption) } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGetDirectories`t$($_.Exception.Message)" } } function Expand-AccountPermission { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert an object representing a security principal into a collection of objects respresenting the access control entries for that principal .DESCRIPTION Convert an object from Format-SecurityPrincipal (one object per principal, containing nested access entries) into flat objects (one per access entry per account) .INPUTS [pscustomobject]$AccountPermission .OUTPUTS [pscustomobject] One object per access control entry per account .EXAMPLE (Get-Acl).Access | Group-Object -Property IdentityReference | Expand-IdentityReference | Format-SecurityPrincipal | Expand-AccountPermission Incomplete example but it shows the chain of functions to generate the expected input for this #> param ( # Object that was output from Format-SecurityPrincipal $AccountPermission ) ForEach ($Account in $AccountPermission) { $PropertiesToExclude = @( 'NativeObject', 'NtfsAccessControlEntries', 'Group' ) $Props = @{} $AccountNoteProperties = $Account | Get-Member -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty | Where-Object -Property Name -NotIn $PropertiesToExclude ForEach ($ThisProperty in $AccountNoteProperties) { if ($null -eq $Props[$ThisProperty.Name]) { $Value = $Account.$($ThisProperty.Name) if ($null -ne $Value) { # We wrap this in an expression and use output redirection to supress this error: # The following exception occurred while retrieving member "GetType": "Not implemented" [string]$Type = & { $Value.GetType().FullName } 2>$null } else { [string]$Type = $null } switch ($Type) { 'System.DirectoryServices.PropertyCollection' { ForEach ($ThisAccountProperty in $Account.Properties.Keys) { $Props[$ThisAccountProperty] = ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString -PropertyValueCollection $Account.Properties[$ThisAccountProperty] } $Props[$ThisProperty.Name] = "Converted to properties prefixed with AccountProperty" } 'System.DirectoryServices.PropertyValueCollection' { $Props[$ThisProperty.Name] = ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString -PropertyValueCollection $Value } default { <# By default we will just let most types get cast as a string Includes but not limited to: $null (because GetType is not implemented) System.String System.Boolean System.Byte[] #> $Props[$ThisProperty.Name] = "$Value" } } } } ForEach ($ACE in $Account.NtfsAccessControlEntries) { $ACENoteProperties = $ACE | Get-Member -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty ForEach ($ThisProperty in $ACENoteProperties) { $Props["ACE$($ThisProperty.Name)"] = [string]$ACE.$($ThisProperty.Name) } [pscustomobject]$Props } } } function Expand-Acl { <# .SYNOPSIS Expand an Access Control List into its constituent Access Control Entries .DESCRIPTION Enumerate the members of the Access property of the $InputObject parameter (which is an AuthorizationRuleCollection or similar) Append the original ACL to each member as a SourceAccessList property Then return each member .INPUTS [PSObject]$InputObject Expected: [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]$InputObject from Get-Acl or [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity]$InputObject from Get-Acl .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] .EXAMPLE Get-Acl | Expand-Acl Use Get-Acl from the Microsoft.PowerShell.Security module as the source of the access list This works in either Windows Powershell or in Powershell Get-Acl does not support long paths (>256 characters) That was why I originally used the .Net Framework method #> param ( # Access Control List whose Access Control Entries to return # Expects [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity] objects from Get-Acl or otherwise # Expects [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity] objects from Get-Acl or otherwise # Accepts any [PSObject] as long as it has an 'Access' property that contains a collection [Parameter( ValueFromPipeline )] [PSObject]$InputObject ) process { ForEach ($ThisInputObject in $InputObject) { $ObjectProperties = @{ SourceAccessList = $ThisInputObject } $AllACEs = $ThisInputObject.Access $AceProperties = (Get-Member -InputObject $AllACEs[0] -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name ForEach ($ThisACE in $AllACEs) { ForEach ($ThisProperty in $AceProperties) { $ObjectProperties["$Prefix$ThisProperty"] = $ThisACE.$ThisProperty } [PSCustomObject]$ObjectProperties } } } } function Format-FolderPermission { Param ( # Expects ACEs grouped using Group-Object $UserPermission, # Ignore these FileSystemRights [string[]]$FileSystemRightsToIgnore = @('Synchronize') ) begin { $i = 0 } process { ForEach ($ThisUser in $UserPermission) { $i++ #Calculate the completion percentage, and format it to show 0 decimal places $percentage = "{0:N0}" -f (($i / ($UserPermission.Count)) * 100) #Display the progress bar $status = ("$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tFormat-FolderPermission`tStatus: " + $percentage + "% - Processing user permission $i of " + $UserPermission.Count + ": " + $ThisUser.Name) Write-Verbose $status Write-Progress -Activity ("Total Users: " + $UserPermission.Count) -Status $status -PercentComplete $percentage ForEach ($ThisACE in $ThisUser.Group.NtfsAccessControlEntries) { switch ($ThisACE.InheritanceFlags) { 'ContainerInherit, ObjectInherit' { $Scope = 'this folder, subfolders, and files' } 'ContainerInherit' { $Scope = 'this folder and subfolders' } 'ObjectInherit' { $Scope = 'this folder and files, but not subfolders' } default { $Scope = 'this folder but not subfolders' } } if ($ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties) { $Name = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties['name'] | Sort-Object -Unique $Dept = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties['department'] | Sort-Object -Unique $Title = $ThisUser.Group.DirectoryEntry.Properties['title'] | Sort-Object -Unique } else { $Name = $ThisUser.Group.name | Sort-Object -Unique $Dept = $ThisUser.Group.department | Sort-Object -Unique $Title = $ThisUser.Group.title | Sort-Object -Unique } if ($null -eq $ThisUser.Group.IdentityReference) { $IdentityReference = $null } else { $IdentityReference = $ThisACE.IdentityReferenceResolved } $FileSystemRights = $ThisACE.FileSystemRights ForEach ($Ignore in $FileSystemRightsToIgnore) { $FileSystemRights = $FileSystemRights -replace ", $Ignore\Z", '' -replace "$Ignore,", '' } [pscustomobject]@{ Folder = $ThisACE.SourceAccessList.Path FolderInheritanceEnabled = !($ThisACE.SourceAccessList.AreAccessRulesProtected) Access = "$($ThisACE.AccessControlType) $FileSystemRights $Scope" Account = $ThisUser.Name Name = $Name Department = $Dept Title = $Title IdentityReference = $IdentityReference AccessControlEntry = $ThisACE SchemaClassName = $ThisUser.Group.SchemaClassName | Select-Object -First 1 } } } } end { Write-Progress -Activity ("Total User Permissions: " + $UserPermission.Count) -Completed } } function Format-SecurityPrincipal { # Format Security Principals (distinguish group members from principals directly listed in the NTFS DACLs) # The IdentityReference property will be null for any principals directly listed in the NTFS DACLs param ( # Security Principals received from Expand-IdentityReference in the Adsi module $SecurityPrincipal ) ForEach ($ThisPrincipal in $SecurityPrincipal) { # Format and output the security principal $ThisPrincipal | Select-Object -Property @{ Label = 'User' Expression = { $_.Name } }, @{ Label = 'IdentityReference' Expression = { $null } }, @{ Label = 'NtfsAccessControlEntries' Expression = { $_.Group } }, * # Format and output its members if it is a group $ThisPrincipal.Members | <# # Because we have already recursively retrieved all group members, we now have all the users so we can filter out the groups from the group members. Where-Object -FilterScript { if ($_.DirectoryEntry.Properties) { $_.DirectoryEntry.Properties['objectClass'] -notcontains 'group' -and $null -eq $_.DirectoryEntry.Properties['groupType'].Value } else { $_.Properties['objectClass'] -notcontains 'group' -and $null -eq $_.Properties['groupType'].Value } } | #> Select-Object -Property @{ Label = 'User' Expression = { "$($_.Domain.Netbios)\$($_.SamAccountName)" } }, @{ Label = 'IdentityReference' Expression = { $ThisPrincipal.Group.IdentityReference | Sort-Object -Unique } }, @{ Label = 'NtfsAccessControlEntries' Expression = { $ThisPrincipal.Group } }, * } } function Get-FolderAce { <# .SYNOPSIS Alternative to Get-Acl designed to be as lightweight as possible .DESCRIPTION Returns an object for each access control entry instead of a single object for the ACL Excludes inherited permissions by default but allows them to be included with the -IncludeInherited switch parameter .INPUTS [System.String]$LiteralPath .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] .NOTES Currently only supports Directories but could easily be copied to support files, or Registry or AD providers #> [CmdletBinding( SupportsShouldProcess = $false, ConfirmImpact = "Low" )] param( # Path to the directory whose permissions to get [string]$LiteralPath, # Include inherited Access Control Entries in the results [Switch]$IncludeInherited, # Include all sections except Audit because it requires admin rights if run on the local system and we want to avoid that requirement [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]$Sections = ([System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Access -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Owner -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Group), # Include non-inherited Access Control Entries in the results [bool]$IncludeExplicitRules = $true, # Type of IdentityReference to return in each ACE [System.Type]$AccountType = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier] ) $DirectorySecurity = & { [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]::new( $LiteralPath, $Sections ) } 2>$null if (-not $DirectorySecurity) { continue } $AclProperties = @{} $AclPropertyNames = (Get-Member -InputObject $DirectorySecurity -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name ForEach ($ThisProperty in $AclPropertyNames) { $AclProperties[$ThisProperty] = $DirectorySecurity.$ThisProperty } $AclProperties['Path'] = $LiteralPath $AccessRules = $DirectorySecurity.GetAccessRules($IncludeExplicitRules, $IncludeInherited, $AccountType) $ACEPropertyNames = (Get-Member -InputObject $AccessRules[0] -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name ForEach ($ThisAccessRule in $AccessRules) { $ACEProperties = @{ SourceAccessList = [PSCustomObject]$AclProperties } ForEach ($ThisProperty in $ACEPropertyNames) { $ACEProperties[$ThisProperty] = $ThisAccessRule.$ThisProperty } [pscustomobject]$ACEProperties } $ACEProperties['IsInherited'] = $false $ACEProperties['IdentityReference'] = $DirectorySecurity.Owner $ACEProperties['FileSystemRights'] = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]::FullControl $ACEProperties['InheritanceFlags'] = [System.Security.AccessControl.InheritanceFlags]::None $ACEProperties['PropagationFlags'] = [System.Security.AccessControl.PropagationFlags]::None $ACEProperties['AccessControlType'] = [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlType]::Allow #TODO: Output an object for the owner as well to represent that they have Full Control [PSCustomObject]$ACEProperties } function Get-FolderTarget { param ( [string[]]$FolderPath ) process { foreach ($TargetPath in $FolderPath) { $RegEx = '^(?<DriveLetter>\w):' if ($TargetPath -match $RegEx) { $TargetPath -replace $RegEx, "\\$(hostname)\$($Matches.DriveLetter)$" } else { #$DFSDetails = [NetApi32Dll]::NetDfsGetInfo($TargetPath) # Can't use this because it doesn't work if the provided path is a subfolder of a DFS folder $AllDfs = Get-NetDfsEnum -Verbose -FolderPath $TargetPath $DfsDetails = $AllDfs | Group-Object -Property DfsEntryPath | Where-Object -FilterScript { "$TargetPath" -like "$($_.Name)\*" } | Sort-Object -Property Name $DfsNamespaceRoot = $DfsDetails | Select-Object -First 1 $DfsDetails | Select-Object -Last 1 -ExpandProperty Group | ForEach-Object { $_.FullOriginalQueryPath -replace [regex]::Escape($_.DfsEntryPath), $_.DfsTarget } } } } } function Get-Subfolder { # Use the fastest available method to enumerate subfolders [CmdletBinding()] param ( # Parent folder whose subfolders to enumerate [string]$TargetPath, <# How many levels of subfolder to enumerate Set to 0 to ignore all subfolders Set to -1 (default) to recurse infinitely Set to any whole number to enumerate that many levels #> [int]$FolderRecursionDepth = -1 ) if ($FolderRecursionDepth -eq -1) { $DepthString = '∞' } else { $DepthString = $FolderRecursionDepth } Write-Progress -Activity ("Retrieving subfolders...") -Status ("Enumerating all subfolders of '$TargetPath' to a depth of $DepthString levels of recursion") -PercentComplete 50 if ($Host.Version.Major -gt 2) { switch ($FolderRecursionDepth) { -1 { GetDirectories -TargetPath $TargetPath -SearchOption ([System.IO.SearchOption]::AllDirectories) } 0 {} 1 { GetDirectories -TargetPath $TargetPath -SearchOption ([System.IO.SearchOption]::TopDirectoryOnly) } Default { $FolderRecursionDepth = $FolderRecursionDepth - 1 Write-Debug " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-Subfolder`tGet-ChildItem '$TargetPath' -Force -Name -Recurse -Attributes Directory -Depth $FolderRecursionDepth" (Get-ChildItem $TargetPath -Force -Recurse -Attributes Directory -Depth $FolderRecursionDepth).FullName } } } else { Write-Debug " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-Subfolder`tGet-ChildItem '$TargetPath' -Recurse" Get-ChildItem $TargetPath -Recurse | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.PSIsContainer } | ForEach-Object { $_.FullName } } Write-Progress -Activity ("Retrieving subfolders...") -Completed } function New-NtfsAclIssueReport { param ( $FolderPermissions, $UserPermissions, <# If specified, all groups that have NTFS access to the target folder/subfolders will be evaluated for compliance with this naming convention The naming format that will be used for the users is CONTOSO\User1 where CONTOSO is the NetBIOS name of the domain, and User1 is the samAccountName of the user By default, this is a scriptblock that always evaluates to $true so it doesn't evaluate any naming convention compliance #> [scriptblock]$GroupNamingConvention = { $true } ) $IssuesDetected = $false # List of folders with broken inheritance (recommend moving to higher level to avoid breaking inheritance. Deny entries are a less desirable alternative) $FoldersWithBrokenInheritance = $FolderPermissions | Select-Object -Skip 1 | Where-Object -FilterScript { ($_.Group.FolderInheritanceEnabled | Select-Object -First 1) -eq $false -and (($_.Name -replace ([regex]::Escape($TargetPath)), '' -split '\\') | Measure-Object).Count -ne 2 } $Count = ($FoldersWithBrokenInheritance | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "folders with broken inheritance: $($FoldersWithBrokenInheritance.Name -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-Verbose "$Count`:$Txt" # List of ACEs for groups that do not match the specified naming convention # Invert the naming convention scriptblock (because we actually want to identify groups that do NOT follow the convention) $ViolatesNamingConvention = [scriptblock]::Create("!($GroupNamingConvention)") $NonCompliantGroups = $SecurityPrincipals | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.ObjectType -contains 'Group' } | Where-Object -FilterScript $ViolatesNamingConvention | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Group | ForEach-Object { "$($_.IdentityReference) on '$($_.Path)'" } $Count = ($NonCompliantGroups | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "groups that don't match naming convention: $($NonCompliantGroups -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-Verbose "$Count`:$Txt" # ACEs for users (recommend replacing with group-based access on any folder that is not a home folder) $UserACEs = $UserPermissions.Group | Where-Object { $_.ObjectType -contains 'User' } | ForEach-Object { $_.NtfsAccessControlEntries } | ForEach-Object { "$($_.IdentityReference) on '$($_.Path)'" } | Sort-Object -Unique $Count = ($UserACEs | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "users with ACEs: $($UserACEs -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-Verbose "$Count`:$Txt" # ACEs for unresolvable SIDs (recommend removing these ACEs) $SIDsToCleanup = $UserPermissions.Group.NtfsAccessControlEntries | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.IdentityReference -match 'S-\d+-\d+-\d+-\d+-\d+\-\d+\-\d+' } | ForEach-Object { "$($_.IdentityReference) on '$($_.Path)'" } | Sort-Object -Unique $Count = ($SIDsToCleanup | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "ACEs for unresolvable SIDs: $($SIDsToCleanup -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-Verbose "$Count`:$Txt" # CREATOR OWNER access (recommend replacing with group-based access, or with explicit user access for a home folder.) $FoldersWithCreatorOwner = ($UserPermissions | ? { $_.Name -match 'CREATOR OWNER' }).Group.NtfsAccessControlEntries.Path | Sort -Unique $Count = ($FoldersWithCreatorOwner | Measure-Object).Count if ($Count -gt 0) { $IssuesDetected = $true $Txt = "folders with 'CREATOR OWNER' ACEs: $($FoldersWithCreatorOwner -join "`r`n")" } else { $Txt = 'OK' } Write-Verbose "$Count`:$Txt" [PSCustomObject]@{ IssueDetected = $IssuesDetected FoldersWithBrokenInheritance = $FoldersWithBrokenInheritance NonCompliantGroups = $NonCompliantGroups UserACEs = $UserACEs SIDsToCleanup = $SIDsToCleanup FoldersWithCreatorOwner = $FoldersWithCreatorOwner } } function Remove-DuplicatesAcrossIgnoredDomains { param ( [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $UserPermission, [string[]]$DomainToIgnore ) begin { $KnownUsers = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}) } process { ForEach ($ThisUser in $UserPermission) { $ShortName = $ThisUser.Name ForEach ($IgnoreThisDomain in $DomainToIgnore) { $ShortName = $ShortName -replace $IgnoreThisDomain,'' } if ($null -eq $KnownUsers[$ShortName]) { $KnownUsers[$ShortName] = [pscustomobject]@{ 'Name' = $ShortName 'Group' = $ThisUser.Group } } else { $KnownUsers[$ShortName] = [pscustomobject]@{ 'Name' = $ShortName 'Group' = $KnownUsers[$ShortName].Group + $ThisUser.Group } } } } end { $KnownUsers.Values | Sort-Object -Property Name } } <# # Dot source any functions ForEach ($ThisScript in $ScriptFiles) { # Dot source the function . $($ThisScript.FullName) } #> Export-ModuleMember -Function @('Expand-AccountPermission','Expand-Acl','Format-FolderPermission','Format-SecurityPrincipal','Get-FolderAce','Get-FolderTarget','Get-Subfolder','New-NtfsAclIssueReport','Remove-DuplicatesAcrossIgnoredDomains') |