PSRule.Rules.Azure

1.45.1

rules/Azure.Deployment.Rule.ps1

                                # Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.

# Licensed under the MIT License.

#

# Validation rules for Azure deployments

#

#region Rules

# Synopsis: Avoid outputting sensitive deployment values.

Rule 'Azure.Deployment.OutputSecretValue' -Ref 'AZR-000279' -Type 'Microsoft.Resources/deployments' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    $Assert.Create($PSRule.Issue.Get('PSRule.Rules.Azure.Template.OutputSecretValue'));

}

# Synopsis: Ensure all properties named used for setting a username within a deployment are expressions (e.g. an ARM function not a string)

Rule 'Azure.Deployment.AdminUsername' -Ref 'AZR-000284' -Type 'Microsoft.Resources/deployments' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_09'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    RecurseDeploymentSensitive -Deployment $TargetObject

}

# Synopsis: Use secure parameters for any parameter that contains sensitive information.

Rule 'Azure.Deployment.SecureParameter' -Ref 'AZR-000408' -Type 'Microsoft.Resources/deployments' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2023_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    GetSecureParameter -Deployment $TargetObject

}

# Synopsis: Use secure parameters for setting properties of resources that contain sensitive information.

Rule 'Azure.Deployment.SecureValue' -Ref 'AZR-000316' -Type 'Microsoft.Resources/deployments' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2024_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    RecurseSecureValue -Deployment $TargetObject

}

# Synopsis: Ensure Outer scope deployments aren't using SecureString or SecureObject Parameters

Rule 'Azure.Deployment.OuterSecret' -Ref 'AZR-000331' -Type 'Microsoft.Resources/deployments' -If { IsParentDeployment } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    $template = @($TargetObject.properties.template);

    if ($template.resources.Length -eq 0) {

        return $Assert.Pass();

    }

    $secureParameters = @($template.parameters.PSObject.properties | Where-Object {

            $_.Value.type -eq 'secureString' -or $_.Value.type -eq 'secureObject'

        } | ForEach-Object {

            $_.Name

        });

    foreach ($deployments in $template.resources) {

        if ($deployments.properties.expressionEvaluationOptions.scope -eq 'outer') {

            foreach ($outerDeployment in $deployments.properties.template.resources) {

                foreach ($property in $outerDeployment.properties) {

                    RecursivePropertiesSecretEvaluation -Resource $outerDeployment -SecureParameters $secureParameters -ShouldUseSecret $False -Property $property

                }

            }

        } else {

            $Assert.Pass()

        }

    }

}

# Synopsis: The deployment parameter leaks sensitive information.

Rule 'Azure.Deployment.SecretLeak' -Ref 'AZR-000459' -Type 'Microsoft.Resources/deployments' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2025_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {

    $Assert.Create($PSRule.Issue.Get('PSRule.Rules.Azure.Template.ParameterSecureAssignment'));

}

#endregion Rules

#region Helpers

function global:GetSecureParameter {

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [PSObject]$Deployment

    )

    process {

        $count = 0;

        if ($Null -ne $Deployment.properties.template.parameters.PSObject.properties) {

            foreach ($parameter in $Deployment.properties.template.parameters.PSObject.properties.GetEnumerator()) {

                if (

                    $Assert.Like($parameter, 'Name', @(

                        '*password*'

                        '*secret*'

                        '*token*'

                        '*key'

                        '*keys'

                    )).Result -and

                    $parameter.Name -ne 'customerManagedKey' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*name' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*uri' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*url' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*path' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*type' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*id' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*options' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*publickey' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*publickeys' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secretname*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secreturl*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secreturi*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secrettype*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secretrotation*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*tokenname*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*tokentype*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*interval*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*length*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secretprovider*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secretsprovider*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secretref*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*secretid*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*disablepassword*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*sync*passwords*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*keyvaultpath*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*keyvaultname*' -and

                    $parameter.Name -notLike '*keyvaulturi*' -and

                    $Assert.NotIn($parameter, 'Name', $Configuration.GetStringValues('AZURE_DEPLOYMENT_NONSENSITIVE_PARAMETER_NAMES')).Result -and

                    $Null -ne $parameter.Value.type -and

                    $parameter.Value.type -ne 'bool' -and

                    $parameter.Value.type -ne 'int'

                ) {

                    $count++

                    # If the parameter is a custom type, recurse the type properties marked as secure.

                    if ($Assert.HasField($parameter.Value, '$ref').Result) {

                        $result = DefinitionHasSecureProperty -Definitions $Deployment.properties.template.definitions -Name $parameter.Value.'$ref';

                        $Assert.Create($result -eq $True, $LocalizedData.InsecureParameterType, $parameter.Name, $parameter.Value.'$ref');

                    }

                    elseif ($Assert.HasField($parameter.Value, 'items.$ref').Result) {

                        # Array of custom types

                        $result = DefinitionHasSecureProperty -Definitions $Deployment.properties.template.definitions -Name $parameter.Value.items.'$ref';

                        $Assert.Create($result -eq $True, $LocalizedData.InsecureParameterType, $parameter.Name, $parameter.Value.items.'$ref');

                    }

                    elseif ($Assert.HasField($parameter.Value, 'items.type').Result) {

                        # Array parameters

                        $Assert.In($parameter.Value.items.type, '.', @('secureString', 'secureObject')).ReasonFrom($parameter.Name, $LocalizedData.InsecureParameterType, $parameter.Name, $parameter.Value.items.type);

                    }

                    else {

                        # Normal parameters

                        $Assert.In($parameter.Value.type, '.', @('secureString', 'secureObject')).ReasonFrom($parameter.Name, $LocalizedData.InsecureParameterType, $parameter.Name, $parameter.Value.type);

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        if ($count -eq 0) {

            return $Assert.Pass();

        }

    }

}

# Check a definition for secure properties.

# If the property is a custom type, recurse the definition to check these properties are secure.

function global:DefinitionHasSecureProperty {

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [PSObject]$Definitions,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [String]$Name

    )

    process {

        $result = $False;

        $shortName = $Name.Split('/')[-1];

        Write-Verbose -Message "Checking definition: $shortName";

        foreach ($definition in $Definitions.PSObject.Properties.GetEnumerator()) {

            if ($definition.Name -eq $shortName) {

                if ($Assert.HasField($definition.Value, 'properties').Result) {

                    foreach ($property in $definition.Value.properties.PSObject.Properties.GetEnumerator()) {

                        if ($Assert.HasField($property.Value, '$ref').Result) {

                            $child = DefinitionHasSecureProperty -Definitions $Definitions -Name $property.Value.'$ref';

                            if ($child) {

                                $result = $True;

                            }

                        }

                        elseif ($Assert.HasField($property.Value, 'items.$ref').Result) {

                            $child = DefinitionHasSecureProperty -Definitions $Definitions -Name $property.Value.items.'$ref';

                            if ($child) {

                                $result = $True;

                            }

                        }

                        elseif ($Assert.HasField($property.Value, 'items.type').Result) {

                            $child = $Assert.In($property.Value.items.type, '.', @('secureString', 'secureObject')).Result;

                            if ($child) {

                                $result = $True;

                            }

                        }

                        elseif ($Assert.In($property.Value.type, '.', @('secureString', 'secureObject')).Result) {

                            $result = $True;

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        if ($result -eq $False) {

            Write-Verbose -Message "No secure properties found in definition: $shortName";

        }

        else {

            Write-Verbose -Message "Secure properties found in definition: $shortName";

        }

        return $result;

    }

}

function global:RecurseDeploymentSensitive {

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [PSObject]$Deployment

    )

    process {

        Write-Debug "Deployment is: $($Deployment.name)";

        $propertyNames = $Configuration.GetStringValues('AZURE_DEPLOYMENT_SENSITIVE_PROPERTY_NAMES');

        # Resources could be an object or an array. Check if it is an object and enumerate properties instead.

        $resources = @($Deployment.properties.template.resources);

        if ($Deployment.properties.template.resources -is [System.Management.Automation.PSObject]) {

            $resources = @($Deployment.properties.template.resources.PSObject.Properties.GetEnumerator() | ForEach-Object {

                $_.Value

            });

        }

        if ($resources.Length -eq 0) {

            return $Assert.Pass();

        }

        foreach ($resource in $resources) {

            if ($resource.type -eq 'Microsoft.Resources/deployments') {

                RecurseDeploymentSensitive -Deployment $resource;

            }

            else {

                foreach ($propertyName in $propertyNames) {

                    $found = $PSRule.GetPath($resource, "$..$propertyName");

                    if ($Null -eq $found -or $found.Length -eq 0) {

                        $Assert.Pass();

                    }

                    else {

                        Write-Debug "Found property name: $propertyName, value: $found";

                        foreach ($value in $found) {

                            $Assert.Create(![PSRule.Rules.Azure.Runtime.Helper]::HasLiteralValue($value), $LocalizedData.LiteralSensitiveProperty, $propertyName);

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

function global:RecursivePropertiesSecretEvaluation {

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [PSObject]$Resource,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [PSObject]$Property,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [AllowEmptyCollection()]

        [PSObject]$SecureParameters,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $False)]

        [Bool]$ShouldUseSecret = $True

    )

    process {

        $PropertyName = $Property.PSObject.properties.Name

        foreach ($NestedProperty in $Property.PSObject.Properties.Value.PSObject.Properties) {

            if($NestedProperty.MemberType -eq 'NoteProperty') {

                RecursivePropertiesSecretEvaluation -Resource $Resource -SecureParameters $SecureParameters -Property $NestedProperty -ShouldUseSecret $ShouldUseSecret

            } else {

                CheckPropertyUsesSecureParameter -Resource $Resource -SecureParameters $SecureParameters -PropertyPath "properties.$($PropertyName)" -ShouldUseSecret $ShouldUseSecret

            }

        }

    }

}

function global:CheckPropertyUsesSecureParameter {

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [PSObject]$Resource,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [AllowEmptyCollection()]

        [PSObject]$SecureParameters,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [String]$PropertyPath,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $False)]

        [Bool]$ShouldUseSecret = $True

    )

    process {

        $propertyValues = $PSRule.GetPath($Resource, $PropertyPath);

        if ($propertyValues.Length -eq 0) {

            return $Assert.Pass();

        }

        foreach ($propertyValue in $propertyValues) {

            $hasSecureParam = [PSRule.Rules.Azure.Runtime.Helper]::HasSecureValue($propertyValue, $SecureParameters);

            $Assert.Create($hasSecureParam -eq $ShouldUseSecret, $LocalizedData.SecureParameterRequired, $PropertyPath);

        }

    }

}

# Check resource properties that should be set by secure parameters.

function global:RecurseSecureValue {

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $True)]

        [PSObject]$Deployment

    )

    process {

        $resources = @($Deployment.properties.template.resources);

        if ($resources.Length -eq 0) {

            return $Assert.Pass();

        }

        $secureParameters = @($Deployment.properties.template.parameters.PSObject.properties | Where-Object {

                $_.Value.type -eq 'secureString' -or $_.Value.type -eq 'secureObject'

            } | ForEach-Object {

                $_.Name

            });

        Write-Debug -Message "Secure parameters are: $($secureParameters -join ', ')";

        foreach ($resource in $resources) {

            if ($resource.type -eq 'Microsoft.Resources/Deployments') {

                RecurseSecureValue -Deployment $resource;

            }

            else {

                $properties = [PSRule.Rules.Azure.Runtime.Helper]::GetSecretProperty($PSRule.GetService('Azure.Context'), $resource.type);

                if ($Null -eq $properties -or $properties.Length -eq 0) {

                    $Assert.Pass();

                }

                else {

                    foreach ($property in $properties) {

                        CheckPropertyUsesSecureParameter -Resource $resource -SecureParameters $secureParameters -PropertyPath $property

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

# Check if the TargetObject is a parent deployment, with scoped deployments or a rendered deployment

function global:IsParentDeployment {

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([System.Boolean])]

    param ()

    process {

        foreach ($deployment in $TargetObject.properties.template.resources){

            return $Assert.HasField($deployment, 'properties.expressionEvaluationOptions.scope').Result;

        }

    }

}

#endregion Helpers

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