rules/Azure.VMSS.Rule.ps1

# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
# Licensed under the MIT License.

#
# Validation rules for Azure Virtual Machine Scale Sets
#

#region Virtual machine scale set

# Synopsis: Use VM naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.Name' -Ref 'AZR-000261' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Operational Excellence'; } {
    # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftcompute

    # Between 1 and 64 characters long
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1)
    $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 64)

    # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens
    # Start with alphanumeric
    # End with alphanumeric or underscore
    Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$'
}

# Synopsis: Use VM naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.ComputerName' -Ref 'AZR-000262' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Operational Excellence'; } {
    # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftcompute

    $maxLength = 64
    $matchExpression = '^[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-.]){0,63}$'
    if (IsWindowsOS) {
        $maxLength = 15

        # Alphanumeric or hyphens
        # Can not include only numbers
        $matchExpression = '^[A-Za-z0-9-]{0,14}[A-Za-z-][A-Za-z0-9-]{0,14}$'
    }

    # Between 1 and 15/ 64 characters long
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Properties.virtualMachineProfile.osProfile.computerNamePrefix', 1)
    $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Properties.virtualMachineProfile.osProfile.computerNamePrefix', $maxLength)

    # Alphanumerics and hyphens
    # Start and end with alphanumeric
    Match 'Properties.virtualMachineProfile.osProfile.computerNamePrefix' $matchExpression
}

# Synopsis: Use SSH keys instead of common credentials to secure virtual machine scale sets against malicious activities.
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.PublicKey' -Ref 'AZR-000288' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets' -If { VMSSHasLinuxOS } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_09'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'DP-4' } {
    $Assert.In($TargetObject, 'properties.virtualMachineProfile.OsProfile.linuxConfiguration.disablePasswordAuthentication', $True).
    Reason($LocalizedData.VMSSPublicKey, $PSRule.TargetName)
}

# Synopsis: Protect Custom Script Extensions commands
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.ScriptExtensions' -Ref 'AZR-000333' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', 'Microsoft.Computer/virtualMachineScaleSets/CustomScriptExtension', 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/extensions' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {
    $vmssConfig = @($TargetObject);

    ## Extension Prof
    if ($vmssConfig.properties.virtualMachineProfile.extensionProfile.extensions) {
        foreach ($extensions in $vmssConfig.properties.virtualMachineProfile.extensionProfile.extensions ) {
            $cleanValue = [PSRule.Rules.Azure.Runtime.Helper]::CompressExpression($extensions.properties.settings.commandToExecute);
            $Assert.NotMatch($cleanValue, '.', "SecretReference")
        } 

    }
    else {
        return $Assert.Pass();
    }
}

# Synopsis: Use Azure Monitor Agent as replacement for Log Analytics Agent.
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.MigrateAMA' -Ref 'AZR-000318' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets' -If { HasOMSOrAMAExtension } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Operational Excellence'; } {
    $property = $TargetObject.Properties.virtualMachineProfile.extensionProfile.extensions.properties |
    Where-Object { (($_.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.EnterpriseCloud.Monitoring') -and ($_.type -eq 'MicrosoftMonitoringAgent')) -or
            (($_.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.EnterpriseCloud.Monitoring') -and ($_.type -eq 'OmsAgentForLinux')) }
    $subresource = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/extensions' |
        Where-Object { (($_.Properties.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.EnterpriseCloud.Monitoring') -and ($_.Properties.type -eq 'MicrosoftMonitoringAgent')) -or
                        (($_.Properties.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.EnterpriseCloud.Monitoring') -and ($_.Properties.type -eq 'OmsAgentForLinux')) })
    
    $extensions = @($property; $subresource)
    $Assert.Less($extensions, '.', 1).Reason($LocalizedData.LogAnalyticsAgentDeprecated)
}

# Synopsis: Use Azure Monitor Agent for collecting monitoring data.
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.AMA' -Ref 'AZR-000346' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_12'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Operational Excellence'; } {
    $amaTypes = @('AzureMonitorWindowsAgent', 'AzureMonitorLinuxAgent')
    $property = $TargetObject.Properties.virtualMachineProfile.extensionProfile.extensions.properties |
    Where-Object { $_.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.Azure.Monitor' -or $_.type -in $amaTypes }
    $subresource = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/extensions' |
        Where-Object { $_.properties.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.Azure.Monitor' -or $_.properties.type -in $amaTypes })
    
    $amaExtensions = @($property; $subresource)       
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($amaExtensions, '.', 1).
    Reason($LocalizedData.VMSSAzureMonitorAgent)
}

# Synopsis: Deploy virtual machine scale set instances using availability zones in supported regions to ensure high availability and resilience.
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.AvailabilityZone' -Ref 'AZR-000436' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2024_09'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Reliability'; } {
    # Check if the region supports availability zones.
    $provider = [PSRule.Rules.Azure.Runtime.Helper]::GetResourceType('Microsoft.Compute', 'virtualMachineScaleSets')
    $availabilityZones = GetAvailabilityZone -Location $TargetObject.Location -Zone $provider.ZoneMappings

    # Don't flag if the region does not support availability zones.
    if (-not $availabilityZones) {
        return $Assert.Pass()
    }

    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'zones', 2).Reason(
        $LocalizedData.VMSSAvailabilityZone,
        $TargetObject.name,
        $TargetObject.location,
        ($availabilityZones -join ', ')
    )
}

# Synopsis: Deploy virtual machine scale set instances using the best-effort zone balance in supported regions to ensure an approximately balanced distribution of instances across availability zones.
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.ZoneBalance' -Ref 'AZR-000438' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets' -If { RegionSupportsAvailabilityZones } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2024_09'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Reliability'; } {
    $Assert.HasDefaultValue($TargetObject, 'properties.zoneBalance', $false)
}

# Synopsis: Avoid attaching public IPs directly to virtual machine scale set instances.
Rule 'Azure.VMSS.PublicIPAttached' -Ref 'AZR-000450' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets', 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/virtualMachines' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2024_09'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } {
    if ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets') {
        $configurations = @(
            $TargetObject.properties.virtualMachineProfile.networkProfile.networkInterfaceConfigurations | ForEach-Object { $_.properties.ipConfigurations } | Where-Object { $null -ne $_ }
            GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/virtualMachines' | ForEach-Object { $_.properties.networkProfile.networkInterfaceConfigurations } | ForEach-Object { $_.properties.ipConfigurations } | Where-Object { $null -ne $_ }
            GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachineScaleSets/virtualMachines' | ForEach-Object { $_.properties.networkProfileConfiguration.networkInterfaceConfigurations } | ForEach-Object { $_.properties.ipConfigurations } | Where-Object { $null -ne $_ }
        )

        if ($configurations.Count -eq 0) {
            return $Assert.Pass()
        }
        
        foreach ($config in $configurations) {
            $Assert.HasDefaultValue($config, 'properties.publicIPAddressConfiguration.name', $null).Reason($LocalizedData.VMSSPublicIPAttached)
        }
    }
    else {
        $configurations = @(
            $TargetObject.properties.networkProfile.networkInterfaceConfigurations | ForEach-Object { $_.properties.ipConfigurations } | Where-Object { $null -ne $_ }
            $TargetObject.properties.networkProfileConfiguration.networkInterfaceConfigurations | ForEach-Object { $_.properties.ipConfigurations } | Where-Object { $null -ne $_ }
        )
        
        if ($configurations.Count -eq 0) {
            return $Assert.Pass()
        }
       
        foreach ($config in $configurations) {
            $Assert.HasDefaultValue($config, 'properties.publicIPAddressConfiguration.name', $null).Reason($LocalizedData.VMSSPublicIPAttached)
        }
    }
}

#endregion Rules

#endregion Virtual machine scale set

#region Helper functions

function global:IsLinuxVMSS {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Boolean])]
    param ()
    process {
        return $Assert.HasField($TargetObject, 'properties.virtualMachineProfile.OsProfile.linuxConfiguration').Result
    }
}

function global:RegionSupportsAvailabilityZones {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param ( )
    $provider = [PSRule.Rules.Azure.Runtime.Helper]::GetResourceType('Microsoft.Compute', 'virtualMachineScaleSets')
    $availabilityZones = GetAvailabilityZone -Location $TargetObject.Location -Zone $provider.ZoneMappings

    if (-not $availabilityZones) {
        return $false
    }
    $true
}

#endregion Helper functions

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