rules/Azure.VM.Rule.ps1
# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. # Licensed under the MIT License. # # Validation rules for Azure Virtual Machines # #region Virtual machine # Synopsis: Virtual machines should use managed disks Rule 'Azure.VM.UseManagedDisks' -Ref 'AZR-000238' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'DP-4' } { # Check OS disk $Assert. NullOrEmpty($TargetObject, 'properties.storageProfile.osDisk.vhd.uri'). WithReason(($LocalizedData.UnmanagedDisk -f $TargetObject.properties.storageProfile.osDisk.name), $True); # Check data disks foreach ($dataDisk in $TargetObject.properties.storageProfile.dataDisks) { $Assert. NullOrEmpty($dataDisk, 'vhd.uri'). WithReason(($LocalizedData.UnmanagedDisk -f $dataDisk.name), $True); } } # Synopsis: Check disk caching is configured correctly for the workload Rule 'Azure.VM.DiskCaching' -Ref 'AZR-000242' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { # Check OS disk $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'properties.storageProfile.osDisk.caching', 'ReadWrite'); # Check data disks $dataDisks = @($TargetObject.properties.storageProfile.dataDisks | Where-Object { $Null -ne $_ }) if ($dataDisks.Length -gt 0) { foreach ($disk in $dataDisks) { if ($disk.managedDisk.storageAccountType -eq 'Premium_LRS') { $Assert.HasFieldValue($disk, 'caching', 'ReadOnly'); } else { $Assert.HasFieldValue($disk, 'caching', 'None'); } } } } # Synopsis: Use Hybrid Use Benefit Rule 'Azure.VM.UseHybridUseBenefit' -Ref 'AZR-000243' -If { SupportsHybridUse } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'properties.licenseType', 'Windows_Server'); } # Synopsis: Use accelerated networking for supported operating systems and VM types. Rule 'Azure.VM.AcceleratedNetworking' -Ref 'AZR-000244' -If { SupportsAcceleratedNetworking } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { $resources = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces'); if ($resources.Length -eq 0) { return $Assert.Pass(); } foreach ($interface in $resources) { $Assert.HasFieldValue($interface, 'Properties.enableAcceleratedNetworking', $True); } } # Synopsis: Linux VMs should use public key pair Rule 'Azure.VM.PublicKey' -Ref 'AZR-000245' -If { VMHasLinuxOS } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.osProfile.linuxConfiguration.disablePasswordAuthentication', $True) } # Synopsis: Ensure that the VM agent is provisioned automatically Rule 'Azure.VM.Agent' -Ref 'AZR-000246' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { $Assert.HasDefaultValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.osProfile.linuxConfiguration.provisionVMAgent', $True) $Assert.HasDefaultValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.osProfile.windowsConfiguration.provisionVMAgent', $True) } # Synopsis: Ensure automatic updates are enabled at deployment Rule 'Azure.VM.Updates' -Ref 'AZR-000247' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -If { IsWindowsOS } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'ES-3' } { $Assert.HasDefaultValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.osProfile.windowsConfiguration.enableAutomaticUpdates', $True) } # Synopsis: Use VM naming requirements Rule 'Azure.VM.Name' -Ref 'AZR-000248' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftcompute # Between 1 and 64 characters long $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1) $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 64) # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens # Start with alphanumeric # End with alphanumeric or underscore Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$' } # Synopsis: Use VM naming requirements Rule 'Azure.VM.ComputerName' -Ref 'AZR-000249' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftcompute $maxLength = 64 $matchExpression = '^[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-.]){0,63}$' if (IsWindowsOS) { $maxLength = 15 # Alphanumeric or hyphens # Can not include only numbers $matchExpression = '^[A-Za-z0-9-]{0,14}[A-Za-z-][A-Za-z0-9-]{0,14}$' } # Between 1 and 15/ 64 characters long $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Properties.osProfile.computerName', 1) $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Properties.osProfile.computerName', $maxLength) # Alphanumerics and hyphens # Start and end with alphanumeric Match 'Properties.osProfile.computerName' $matchExpression } #endregion Virtual machine #region Managed Disks # Synopsis: Managed disks should be attached to virtual machines Rule 'Azure.VM.DiskAttached' -Ref 'AZR-000250' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/disks' -If { ($TargetObject.ResourceName -notlike '*-ASRReplica') -and (IsExport) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'DP-4' } { # Disks should be attached unless they are used by ASR, which are not attached until fail over # Disks for VMs that are off are marked as Reserved Within 'properties.diskState' 'Attached', 'Reserved' -Reason $LocalizedData.ResourceNotAssociated } # TODO: Check IOPS # Synopsis: Managed disk is smaller than SKU size Rule 'Azure.VM.DiskSizeAlignment' -Ref 'AZR-000251' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/disks' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { $diskSize = @(32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16384, 32768) $actualSize = $TargetObject.Properties.diskSizeGB # Find the closest disk size $i = 0; while ($actualSize -gt $diskSize[$i]) { $i++; } # Actual disk size should be the disk size within 5GB $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Properties.diskSizeGB', ($diskSize[$i] - 5)); } # TODO: Check number of disks # Synopsis: Use Azure Disk Encryption Rule 'Azure.VM.ADE' -Ref 'AZR-000252' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/disks' -If { IsExport } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06'; 'Azure.WAF/pillar' = 'Security'; } -Labels @{ 'Azure.MCSB.v1/control' = 'DP-3' } { $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.encryptionSettingsCollection.enabled', $True) $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.encryptionSettingsCollection.encryptionSettings') } # Synopsis: Use Managed Disk naming requirements Rule 'Azure.VM.DiskName' -Ref 'AZR-000253' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/disks' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftcompute # Between 1 and 80 characters long $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1) $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80) # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens # Start with alphanumeric # End with alphanumeric or underscore Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$' } #endregion Managed Disks #region Availability set # Synopsis: Availability sets should be deployed with at least two members Rule 'Azure.VM.ASMinMembers' -Ref 'AZR-000255' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets' -If { IsExport } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'properties.virtualMachines', 2) } # Synopsis: Use Availability Set naming requirements Rule 'Azure.VM.ASName' -Ref 'AZR-000256' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/availabilitySets' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftcompute # Between 1 and 80 characters long $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1) $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80) # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens # Start with alphanumeric # End with alphanumeric or underscore Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$' } #endregion Availability set #region Network Interface # Synopsis: Network interfaces (NICs) should be attached. Rule 'Azure.VM.NICAttached' -Ref 'AZR-000257' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces' -If { IsExport } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { $Assert.AnyOf( $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.virtualMachine.id'), $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.privateEndpoint.id') ) } # Synopsis: Use NIC naming requirements Rule 'Azure.VM.NICName' -Ref 'AZR-000259' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftnetwork # Between 1 and 80 characters long $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1) $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80) # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens # Start with alphanumeric # End with alphanumeric or underscore Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$' } #endregion Network Interface #region Proximity Placement Groups # Synopsis: Use Proximity Placement Groups naming requirements Rule 'Azure.VM.PPGName' -Ref 'AZR-000260' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/proximityPlacementGroups' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } { # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftcompute # Between 1 and 80 characters long $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1) $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80) # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens # Start and end with alphanumeric Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.|_)*[A-Za-z0-9]){0,79}$' } #endregion Proximity Placement Groups # Synopsis: Protect Custom Script Extensions commands Rule 'Azure.VM.ScriptExtensions' -Ref 'AZR-000332' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines', 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_12' } { $vmConfig = @($TargetObject); if ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines') { $vmConfig = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'extensions', 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions' ); } if ($vmConfig.Length -eq 0) { return $Assert.Pass(); } ## Extension Prof $customScriptProperties = @('CustomScript', 'CustomScriptExtension', 'CustomScriptForLinux') foreach ($config in $vmConfig) { if ($config.properties.type -in $customScriptProperties) { $cleanValue = [PSRule.Rules.Azure.Runtime.Helper]::CompressExpression($config.properties.settings.commandToExecute); $Assert.NotMatch($cleanValue, '.', "SecretReference") } else { return $Assert.Pass(); } } } #region Azure Monitor Agent # Synopsis: Use Azure Monitor Agent as replacement for Log Analytics Agent. Rule 'Azure.VM.MigrateAMA' -Ref 'AZR-000317' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -If { HasOMSOrAMAExtension } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_12' } { $extensions = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions' | Where-Object { (($_.Properties.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.EnterpriseCloud.Monitoring') -and ($_.Properties.type -eq 'MicrosoftMonitoringAgent')) -or (($_.Properties.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.EnterpriseCloud.Monitoring') -and ($_.Properties.type -eq 'OmsAgentForLinux')) }) $Assert.Less($extensions, '.', 1).Reason($LocalizedData.LogAnalyticsAgentDeprecated).PathPrefix('resources') } #endregion Azure Monitor Agent #region IaaS SQL Server disks # Synopsis: Use Premium SSD disks or greater for data and log files for production SQL Server workloads. Rule 'Azure.VM.SQLServerDisk' -Ref 'AZR-000324' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -If { HasPublisherMicrosoftSQLServer } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_12'; } { $disks = @(GetOSAndDataDisks) $Assert.Less($disks, '.', 1).Reason($LocalizedData.SQLServerVMDisks). PathPrefix('properties.storageProfile') } #endregion IaaS SQL Server disks #region Azure Monitor Agent # Synopsis: Use Azure Monitor Agent for collecting monitoring data. Rule 'Azure.VM.AMA' -Ref 'AZR-000345' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2022_12'; } { $amaTypes = @('AzureMonitorWindowsAgent', 'AzureMonitorLinuxAgent') $extensions = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions' | Where-Object { $_.properties.publisher -eq 'Microsoft.Azure.Monitor' -or $_.properties.type -in $amaTypes }) $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($extensions, '.', 1). Reason($LocalizedData.VMAzureMonitorAgent).PathPrefix('resources') } #endregion Azure Monitor Agent #region Maintenance Configuration # Synopsis: Use a maintenance configuration for virtual machines. Rule 'Azure.VM.MaintenanceConfig' -Ref 'AZR-000375' -Type 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines' -Tag @{ release = 'Preview'; ruleSet = '2023_06'; } { $maintenanceConfig = @(GetSubResources -ResourceType 'Microsoft.Maintenance/configurationAssignments' | Where-Object { $_.properties.maintenanceConfigurationId }) $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($maintenanceConfig, '.', 1).Reason($LocalizedData.VMMaintenanceConfig, $PSRule.TargetName) } #endregion Maintenance Configuration #region Helper functions function global:HasPublisherMicrosoftSQLServer { [CmdletBinding()] [OutputType([System.Boolean])] param () process { $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'properties.storageProfile.imageReference.publisher', 'MicrosoftSQLServer').Result } } function global:GetOSAndDataDisks { [CmdletBinding()] [OutputType([PSObject[]])] param () process { $allowedSkuTypes = @('UltraSSD_LRS', 'PremiumV2_LRS', 'Premium_ZRS', 'Premium_LRS') $TargetObject.properties.storageProfile.osDisk.managedDisk | Where-Object { $_.storageAccountType -and $_.storageAccountType -notin $allowedSkuTypes } $TargetObject.properties.storageProfile.dataDisks | Where-Object { $_.managedDisk.storageAccountType -and $_.managedDisk.storageAccountType -notin $allowedSkuTypes } } } #endregion Helper functions # 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