man/cat1p/tee.1p.txt
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tee(P) tee(P)
NAME tee - duplicate standard input SYNOPSIS tee [-ai][file...] DESCRIPTION The tee utility shall copy standard input to standard output, making a copy in zero or more files. The tee utility shall not buffer output. If the -a option is not specified, output files shall be written (see File Read, Write, and Creation . OPTIONS The tee utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines. The following options shall be supported: -a Append the output to the files. -i Ignore the SIGINT signal. OPERANDS The following operands shall be supported: file A pathname of an output file. Processing of at least 13 file operands shall be supported. STDIN The standard input can be of any type. INPUT FILES None. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES The following environment variables shall affect the execution of tee: LANG Provide a default value for the internationaliza- tion variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale cate- gories.) LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables. LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi- byte characters in arguments). LC_MESSAGES Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error. NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES . ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS Default, except that if the -i option was specified, SIGINT shall be ignored. STDOUT The standard output shall be a copy of the standard input. STDERR The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages. OUTPUT FILES If any file operands are specified, the standard input shall be copied to each named file. EXTENDED DESCRIPTION None. EXIT STATUS The following exit values shall be returned: 0 The standard input was successfully copied to all output files. >0 An error occurred. CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS If a write to any successfully opened file operand fails, writes to other successfully opened file operands and standard output shall continue, but the exit status shall be non-zero. Otherwise, the default actions spec- ified in Utility Description Defaults apply. The following sections are informative. APPLICATION USAGE The tee utility is usually used in a pipeline, to make a copy of the output of some utility. The file operand is technically optional, but tee is no more useful than cat when none is specified. EXAMPLES Save an unsorted intermediate form of the data in a pipeline: ... | tee unsorted | sort > sorted RATIONALE The buffering requirement means that tee is not allowed to use ISO C standard fully buffered or line-buffered writes. It does not mean that tee has to do 1-byte reads followed by 1-byte writes. It should be noted that early versions of BSD ignore any invalid options and accept a single '-' as an alterna- tive to -i. They also print a message if unable to open a file: "tee: cannot access %s\n", <pathname> Historical implementations ignore write errors. This is explicitly not permitted by this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. Some historical implementations use O_APPEND when pro- viding append mode; others use the lseek() function to seek to the end-of-file after opening the file without O_APPEND. This volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 requires functionality equivalent to using O_APPEND; see File Read, Write, and Creation . FUTURE DIRECTIONS None. SEE ALSO Introduction , cat , the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, lseek() COPYRIGHT Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operat- ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci- fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti- tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.open- group.org/unix/online.html . POSIX 2003 tee(P) |