AzStackHci.DiagnosticSettings

0.6.8

Private/AzStackHci.DNS.Helpers.ps1

                                # ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

# Strict Mode v1 (PS 5.1 safe) - surfaces reads of uninitialised variables at runtime.

Set-StrictMode -Version 1.0

# Check DNS to for domain name, and return IP address if found

Function Get-DnsRecord {

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]    

        [ValidateLength(1, 255)]

        [string]$url,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]

        [switch]$SkipRfc1918Check

    )

    begin {

        # Write-Debug "Get-DnsRecord: Beginning DNS lookup process"

        # Initialize variables

        [bool]$dnsExists = $False

    }

    process {

        Write-Debug "Checking to see if $($url) returns an IP address from DNS"

        # Remove variables

        Remove-Variable ipAddress -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

        # Call Resolve-DnsName with exponential backoff: retry up to $script:DNS_MAX_RETRIES times

        # with increasing delays (1s, 2s, 4s + jitter) to avoid flooding DNS on flaky networks.

        For ($i=1; $i -le $script:DNS_MAX_RETRIES; $i++) {

            # Remove variables

            Remove-Variable DNSCheckError -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

            # Initialize variables

            $DNSCheck = @()

            # Check if the domain name exists in DNS

            if(-not($dnsExists)){

                Write-Debug "DNS attempt $i of 3: Checking DNS server for endpoint '$url'"

                try {

                    # Check if the domain name exists in DNS using Resolve-DnsName.

                    # //// Use "5>$null" to suppress internal tracing messages such as "DEBUG: 72136".

                    $DNSCheck = Resolve-DnsName -Name $url -Type A -DnsOnly -ErrorAction Stop -ErrorVariable DNSCheckError 5>$null

                # ///////////////////// 

                # Error handling logic

                # /////////////////////

                } catch [System.Management.Automation.CommandNotFoundException] { # Catch if Resolve-DnsName is not found, not expected

                    throw "Resolve-DnsName cmdlet is not available. This module requires Windows 8/Server 2012 or later."

                } catch { 

                    # Catch DNS Errors

                    # Check if the error message contains 'DNS name does not exist'

                    if($_.Exception.Message.ToString().Contains('DNS name does not exist')) {

                        Write-Debug "DNS Error for '$url' Exception: $($_.Exception.Message)"

                    } else {

                        # All other DNS errors

                        if($i -eq $script:DNS_MAX_RETRIES){

                            Write-HostAzS "Error: DNS lookup failed for '$url' - Exception Message: $($_.Exception.Message)" -ForegroundColor Red

                        }

                    }

                    # Exponential backoff before next retry: delay = base * 2^(attempt-1) + random jitter

                    if ($i -lt $script:DNS_MAX_RETRIES) {

                        $backoffDelay = $script:DNS_RETRY_BASE_DELAY_SEC * [math]::Pow(2, ($i - 1))

                        $jitter = Get-Random -Minimum 0.0 -Maximum 0.5

                        $totalDelay = [math]::Round($backoffDelay + $jitter, 1)

                        Write-HostAzS "DNS lookup failed for '$url' (attempt $i of $($script:DNS_MAX_RETRIES)), retrying in $($totalDelay)s..." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                        Start-Sleep -Milliseconds (($backoffDelay + $jitter) * 1000)

                    } else {

                        Write-HostAzS "DNS lookup failed for '$url' (attempt $i of $($script:DNS_MAX_RETRIES)), no more retries." -ForegroundColor Red

                    }

                } Finally {

                    # If no DNS errors, set the ipAddress variable to IP address returned from DNS

                    if(-not($DNSCheckError)) {

                        # Check if the DNS name exists, and that $DnsExists is false (IP address not yet found)

                        if($DNSCheck -and (-not($dnsExists))){

                            if(($DNSCheck.IPAddress).count -gt 1){

                                # Use first IP address returned from DNS

                                $ipAddress = ($DNSCheck.IPAddress)[0]

                                Write-Debug "Multiple IP addresses returned from DNS for $url, using first IP from list of addresses: $($DNSCheck.IPAddress)"

                                $dnsExists = $True

                            } else {

                                # Only one IP address returned from DNS

                                $ipAddress = $DNSCheck.IPAddress

                                Write-Debug "Single IP address returned from DNS for $url, $ipAddress"

                                $dnsExists = $True

                            }

                        } elseif((-not($DNSCheck))){

                            # No IP address returned from DNS, but record exists

                            $ipAddress = "No Type A record found in DNS"

                            $dnsExists = $False

                        } else {

                            # Do nothing, DNS already exists

                        }

                    } else {

                        # DNS Error variable exists, set IP address to "DNS Lookup Failed"

                        $ipAddress = "DNS name does not exist"

                        $dnsExists = $False

                    }

                } # End of Finally block

            } else {

                # DNS already exists, skip further checks, but will be on second loop

                Write-Debug "IP address found from DNS on attempt $($i -1), skipping further name resolution attempts"

                Break

            }

        } # End of For loop three attempts

        if($dnsExists){

            Write-Verbose "DNS lookup successful for $url, returned IP Address: $ipAddress"

        } else {

            Write-HostAzS "DNS lookup failed for $url" -ForegroundColor Red

            Write-Verbose  "DNS lookup failed three times for $url - $ipAddress"

        }

        # Test if the IP address is RFC1918 private address

        if(-not($SkipRfc1918Check.IsPresent)){

            # Only test if the SkipRfc1918Check switch is not present

            if($ipAddress -and (-not($ipAddress -in @("No Type A record found in DNS","DNS name does not exist","")))){

                # Check if the IP address is in valid IPv4 format

                if(($IpAddress -match '^(\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}$')) {

                    # Only test if the IP address is valid

                    Write-Verbose "Testing if returned IP Address '$ipAddress' is an RFC1918 private address"

                    # Check if the IP address is an RFC1918 private address

                    if(Test-IPv4IsRfc1918 -IpAddress $ipAddress){

                        # IP Address is an RFC1918 private address

                        Remove-Variable testUrl -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                        # Ensure URL is lowercase for comparison

                        $testUrl = $url.ToLower()

                        # Tier 1: Check if URL matches critical Arc service Private Link endpoints (NOT SUPPORTED)

                        Remove-Variable isUrlArcServicePrivateLink -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                        $isUrlArcServicePrivateLink = $script:PrivateLinkCriticalEndpoints | Where-Object { $testUrl -like $_ }

                        # Tier 2: Check if URL matches PaaS services that support Private Link (proxy bypass needed)

                        Remove-Variable isUrlPaaSPrivateLink -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

                        $isUrlPaaSPrivateLink = $script:PrivateLinkProxyBypassEndpoints | Where-Object { $testUrl -like $_ }

                        # v0.6.8: when a proxy is enabled, VERIFY (not just advise) whether this

                        # RFC1918-resolving endpoint is actually excluded from the forward proxy via

                        # the WinHTTP bypass list or the NO_PROXY environment variable. Computed once

                        # here; Tier 2/3 branches below use it to emit a GREEN (correctly bypassed) or

                        # YELLOW (missing from bypass) result. Tier 1 (critical Arc) is always RED and

                        # ignores this — Arc endpoints must resolve to PUBLIC IPs regardless of bypass.

                        $bypassCheck = $null

                        if ($script:Proxy.Enabled) {

                            $bypassCheck = Test-EndpointBypassed -Fqdn $url -IpAddress $ipAddress `

                                -WinHttpBypass $script:Proxy.ProxyBypass -NoProxyEnv $script:Proxy.NoProxyEnv

                        }

                        if($isUrlArcServicePrivateLink){

                            # Tier 1 — RED: Arc Private Link Scopes NOT supported for Azure Local

                            Write-Debug "URL '$url' matches critical Arc service Private Link endpoint pattern for: '$isUrlArcServicePrivateLink'"

                            Write-HostAzS "CRITICAL: RFC1918 address detected for Arc endpoint '$url'!" -ForegroundColor Red

                            Write-HostAzS "`tArc Private Link Scopes are NOT supported for Azure Local." -ForegroundColor Red

                            Write-HostAzS "`tThis endpoint must resolve to a public IP address. IP returned from DNS: '$ipAddress'" -ForegroundColor Red

                            Write-HostAzS "`tCheck for CNAME Alias in your DNS zones configuration." -ForegroundColor Red

                            Write-HostAzS "`tReference: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-local/concepts/firewall-requirements" -ForegroundColor Red

                            Write-HostAzS "Sleeping for 10 seconds..." -ForegroundColor Red

                            Start-Sleep -Seconds 10

                            $script:PrivateLinkCriticalArray += $url

                        } elseif($isUrlPaaSPrivateLink){

                            # Tier 2 — PaaS Private Link supported. Verify it is excluded from the proxy.

                            Write-Debug "URL '$url' matches PaaS Private Link endpoint pattern for: '$isUrlPaaSPrivateLink'"

                            if($script:Proxy.Enabled){

                                if($bypassCheck -and $bypassCheck.Bypassed){

                                    # GREEN — RFC1918 Private Link endpoint correctly excluded from the proxy.

                                    Write-HostAzS "OK: RFC1918 (Private Link) detected for '$url' and correctly excluded from the proxy." -ForegroundColor Green

                                    Write-HostAzS "`tIP: '$ipAddress' | Matched $($bypassCheck.Source) bypass rule: '$($bypassCheck.MatchedRule)'" -ForegroundColor Green

                                    $script:PrivateLinkBypassConfirmedArray += $url

                                } else {

                                    # YELLOW — RFC1918 Private Link endpoint is NOT on the bypass list.

                                    Write-HostAzS "WARNING: RFC1918 (Private Link) detected for '$url' but it is NOT on the proxy bypass list." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                    Write-HostAzS "`tIP Address returned from DNS: '$ipAddress'" -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                    Write-HostAzS "`tAdd this FQDN (or its subnet) to the WinHTTP bypass list / NO_PROXY so traffic routes via ExpressRoute or VPN, not through the proxy." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                    $script:PrivateLinkBypassMissingArray += $url

                                }

                            } else {

                                # No proxy configured — routing must still reach the private endpoint via ExpressRoute/VPN.

                                Write-HostAzS "WARNING: RFC1918 address detected for '$url' - Private endpoint in use." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                Write-HostAzS "`tIP Address returned from DNS: '$ipAddress'" -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                Write-HostAzS "`tEnsure routing is configured to send traffic via ExpressRoute or Site-to-Site VPN." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                            }

                            $script:PrivateLinkProxyBypassArray += $url

                        } else {

                            # Tier 3 — Other RFC1918. Still verify proxy bypass so the operator gets a definitive signal.

                            if($script:Proxy.Enabled){

                                if($bypassCheck -and $bypassCheck.Bypassed){

                                    Write-HostAzS "OK: RFC1918 private address detected for '$url' and correctly excluded from the proxy." -ForegroundColor Green

                                    Write-HostAzS "`tIP: '$ipAddress' | Matched $($bypassCheck.Source) bypass rule: '$($bypassCheck.MatchedRule)'" -ForegroundColor Green

                                    $script:PrivateLinkBypassConfirmedArray += $url

                                } else {

                                    Write-HostAzS "WARNING: RFC1918 private address detected for '$url' but it is NOT on the proxy bypass list." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                    Write-HostAzS "`tIP returned from DNS: '$ipAddress'. Add this FQDN (or its subnet) to the WinHTTP bypass list / NO_PROXY." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                    Write-HostAzS "`tAlso check for a CNAME alias of this endpoint in your DNS zones configuration." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                    $script:PrivateLinkBypassMissingArray += $url

                                }

                            } else {

                                # Tier 3 — YELLOW: Other RFC1918 address, informational

                                Write-HostAzS "INFO: RFC1918 private address detected for '$url'. IP returned from DNS: '$ipAddress'" -ForegroundColor Yellow

                                Write-HostAzS "`tCheck for CNAME Alias of endpoint in your DNS zones configuration." -ForegroundColor Yellow

                            }

                        }

                        $script:PrivateLinkDetected = $true

                        $script:PrivateLinkDetectedArray += $url

                    } else {

                        # Do nothing

                        Write-Verbose "Returned IP Address is NOT an RFC1918 private address."

                    }

                } else {

                    Write-Verbose "Returned IP Address '$ipAddress' is not in valid IPv4 format, skipping RFC1918 private address test"

                }

            } else {

                Write-Debug "Not testing if returned IP Address '$ipAddress' is an RFC1918 private address, as it is not a valid IP address"

            }

        } else {

            Write-Debug "SkipRfc1918Check switch present, skipping RFC1918 private address test"

        }

    } # End of process block

    end {

        # Write-Debug "Get-DnsRecord: DNS lookup process completed"

        # Return True/False and IP Address output as a PSObject.

        $DNSReturnVariable = New-Object PsObject -Property @{

            # True/False

            DNSExists = $dnsExists

            # IP Address, or "DNS Lookup Failed"

            IPAddress = $ipAddress

        }

        return $DNSReturnVariable

    } # End of end block

} # End of Get-DnsRecord function

# ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

# Function to test if an IP address is in the RFC 1918 private IP range.

# Returns $true if the IP address is in the private range, otherwise returns $false.

Function Test-IPv4IsRfc1918 {

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]

        [ValidateNotNull()]

        [ipaddress]$IpAddress

    )

    begin {

        # Write-Debug "Test-IPv4IsRfc1918: Beginning RFC1918 private IP address check for '$IpAddress'"

    }

    process {

        $IpAddressString = $IpAddress.ToString()

        # Validated IP is correct IPv4 format

        if (-not ($IpAddressString -match '^(\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}$')) {

            Write-Error "Invalid IPv4 address format."

            Return $false

        }

        $octets = $IpAddressString.Split('.')

        if ($octets.Count -ne 4) { Return $false }

        # Convert octets to integers

        $o1 = [int]$octets[0]

        $o2 = [int]$octets[1]

        # 10.0.0.0/8 (10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255)

        if ($o1 -eq 10) { Return $true }

        # 172.16.0.0/12 (172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255)

        if ($o1 -eq 172 -and $o2 -ge 16 -and $o2 -le 31) { Return $true }

        # 192.168.0.0/16 (192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255)

        if ($o1 -eq 192 -and $o2 -eq 168) { Return $true }

        # Not in RFC 1918 private IP range

        Return $false

    } # End of process block

    end {

        # Write-Debug "Test-IPv4IsRfc1918: RFC1918 private IP address check completed"

    }

} # End Function Test-IPv4IsRfc1918

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