en-us/about_AutomatedLabAdvanced.help.txt
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about_automatedlabadvanced SHORT DESCRIPTION Generic help about the advanced mechanics of AutomatedLab LONG DESCRIPTION The AutomatedLab settings system Since AutomatedLab version 5 we are using user-specific and global settings, managed with the module PSFramework . To view all settings, you may use the `Get-LabConfigurationItem` cmdlet. For a bit of documentation, refer to `Get-PSFConfig -Module AutomatedLab` instead. If you don't know what a setting does, please do not set it. If you do know what the setting does, feel free to do so: ## One session only, then reset to default Set-PSFConfig -Module AutomatedLab -Name MacAddressPrefix -Value '0017FC' ## Persistent setting, survives module updates Set-PSFConfig -Module AutomatedLab -Name MacAddressPrefix -Value '0017FC' -PassThru | Register-PSFConfig AVAILABLE SETTINGS ACCESSDATABASEENGINE2016X86 The URL to download the Microsoft Access database engine used with our Pull Server role. AZURELOCATIONSURLS This setting contains key value pairs containing the Azure region name and the speed test URL assigned to it to automatically select the appropriate region for a new lab deployment. AZURERETRYCOUNT In integer indicating how often Azure cmdlets should be executed again if a transient error occurs. BUILDAGENTURI The URL to download the TFS/VSTS/Azure DevOps build agent. CPPREDIST32 The URL to the Visual C++ redist (x86) CPPREDIST64 The URL to the Visual C++ redist DEFAULTADDRESSSPACE The default address space for a lab, e.g. 192.168.10.0/24 DEFAULTAZUREROLESIZE The default Azure VM role size class to use, e.g. D. AutomatedLab tries to find the next best role size fitting your VM processor and memory requirements. DEFAULTPROGRESSINDICATOR DISABLEWINDOWSDEFENDER Indicates if Windows Defender should be disabled for new VM deployments. DISKDEPLOYMENTINPROGRESSPATH The path where the temporary file indicating that disks are created is stored. This setting is used to lessen the load on a disk during deployments. DISKFILENAME The name of the XML file containing disk configurations of a lab. DONOTSKIPNONNONENGLISHISO Indicates that non English ISO files should not be skipped during import. DONOTUSEGETHOSTENTRYINNEWLABPSSESSION Indicates that the hosts file should not be used to lookup the DNS name of a lab VM. DOTNET452DOWNLOADLINK The URL to download .NET 4.5.2 DOTNET462DOWNLOADLINK The URL to download .NET 4.6.2 DOTNET46DOWNLOADLINK The URL to download .NET 4.6.1 DOTNET471DOWNLOADLINK The URL to download .NET 4.7.1 DSCMOFPATH The location where lab DSC MOF files should be stored, e.g. when using the cmdlet -LabDscConfiguration INVOKELABCOMMANDRETRIES How many times should -LabCommand be rerun if a terminating error occurs? INVOKELABCOMMANDRETRYINTERVALINSECONDS How much time should elapse between the retries of -LabCommand ? LABFILENAME The name of the lab XML configuration file. LOGGING This key contains logging options: - TruncateLength: How long can a line be? - TruncateTypes: Which .NET types should be truncated? - DefaultFolder: The default log folder - DefaultName: The default log prefix - Level: The minimum level to log - Silent: Log Write-* cmdlets without showing their streams. - AutoStart: Automatically start logging as soon as a Write-* cmdlet is used MACHINEFILENAME The machine definition file for a lab. MAXPSSESSIONSPERVM The maximum number of WinRM session for each lab VM MEMORYWEIGHT_CAROOT MEMORYWEIGHT_CASUBORDINATE MEMORYWEIGHT_CONFIGMANAGER MEMORYWEIGHT_DC MEMORYWEIGHT_DEVTOOLS MEMORYWEIGHT_EXCHANGESERVER MEMORYWEIGHT_FILESERVER MEMORYWEIGHT_FIRSTCHILDDC MEMORYWEIGHT_OPSMGR MEMORYWEIGHT_ORCHESTRATOR MEMORYWEIGHT_ROOTDC MEMORYWEIGHT_SQLSERVER2012 MEMORYWEIGHT_SQLSERVER2014 MEMORYWEIGHT_WEBSERVER MINIMUMAZUREMODULEVERSION The minimum version of Azure modules required to run. Do not change this to a lower setting, errors will certainly occur. NOTIFICATIONPROVIDERS This setting controls which notifications to display: - NotificationProviders: Contains all provider-specific settings - Ifttt: Specify key and eventname to trigger an event on IFTTT - Mail: Specify port, server, to, from, prio and CC - Toast: Use a different image file for your Toast. Will be downloaded with Get-LabInternetFile. - Voice: Control voice settings to use. If a culture is selected, ensure that the voice pack is installed. Otherwise reverts to English. OFFICEDEPLOYMENTTOOL OPENSSHURI Not currently in use: The URL to download OpenSsh from if the binary cannot be found. SETLOCALINTRANETSITES SQL2016MANAGEMENTSTUDIO The download link to SSMS 2016 SQL2017MANAGEMENTSTUDIO The download link to SSMS 2017 SQLSERVER2008 The sample database for SQL Server 2008 SQLSERVER2008R2 The sample database for SQL Server 2008 R2 SQLSERVER2012 The sample database for SQL Server 2012 SQLSERVER2014 The sample database for SQL Server 2014 SQLSERVER2016 The sample database for SQL Server 2016 SQLSERVER2017 The sample database for SQL Server 2017 SQLSERVER2019 The sample database for SQL Server 2019 SUBSCRIBEDPROVIDERS The subscribed notification providers to use. SUPPORTGEN2VMS Indicates that AutomatedLab should use Gen2 Hyper-V VMs SYSINTERNALSDOWNLOADURL The URL to download the current version of the SysInternals suite. SYSINTERNALSURL The URL to check for the current version of the SysInternals Suite. TIMEOUT_DCPROMOTIONADWSREADY The timeout in minutes AutomatedLab waits for the Active Directory Web Services to respond. TIMEOUT_DCPROMOTIONRESTARTAFTERDCPROMO The timeout in minutes to wait for a domain controller to finish restarting after DCPromo. TIMEOUT_INSTALLLABCAINSTALLATION The timeout in minutes the installation of a Certificate Authority may take. TIMEOUT_RESTARTLABMACHINE_SHUTDOWN The timeout in minutes to wait for the shutdown of a lab VM during -LabVm , which stops and then starts the VM. TIMEOUT_SQL2008INSTALLATION The timeout in minutes to wait for the SQL Server 2008 installation to finish. TIMEOUT_SQL2012INSTALLATION The timeout in minutes to wait for the SQL Server 2012 installation to finish. TIMEOUT_SQL2014INSTALLATION The timeout in minutes to wait for the SQL Server 2014 installation to finish. TIMEOUT_STARTLABMACHINE_ONLINE The timeout in minutes to wait for a lab VM to start. TIMEOUT_STOPLABMACHINE_SHUTDOWN The timeout in minutes to wait for a lab VM to stop. TIMEOUT_VISUALSTUDIO2013INSTALLATION The timeout for a Visual Studio 2013 installation. TIMEOUT_VISUALSTUDIO2015INSTALLATION The timeout for a Visual Studio 2015 installation. TIMEOUT_WAITLABMACHINE_ONLINE The timeout in minutes for -LabMachine VALIDATIONSETTINGS These settings relate to the lab validation. - ValidRoleProperties: For each role, define the valid role properties to check for. Please do not change this setting unless you are debugging or developing AutomatedLab. - For each role, define the mandatory role properties to check for. Please do not change this setting unless you are debugging or developing AutomatedLab. AutomatedLab can do more than just create an on-premises or a cloud lab - you can also connect your labs through an IPSEC VPN. PREREQUISITES - Two labs. At least one lab needs to be an Azure-based lab. The second lab can be on-premises or on Azure - OR: One lab and one IPSEC VPN Gateway using a pre-shared key, e.g. to accommodate your environment at another cloud provider - If using an on-premises lab: A machine with the Routing role ( -LabVm -Role Routing ) - Non-overlapping address spaces for each lab and (at the moment) different domains for each lab - 10-30 minutes of time to wait for the connection to be made HOW DOES IT WORK Connecting the labs is very simple. There are three cmdlets related to lab connections: Connect-Lab Restore-LabConnection Disconnect-Lab CONNECT-LAB The first cmdlet allows you to actually connect two labs together. You simply need the lab names for this to work. Get-Lab -List Connect-Lab -SourceLab OnPremTest -DestinationLab AzureTest -Verbose Assuming your labs are OnPremTest and AzureTest Connect-Lab will now attempt to do the following: - Extend your Azure address spaces to accommodate gateway subnets - Create Virtual Network Gateways and Local Network Gateways, Gateway Connections and the necessary public IP address - Configure your on-premises routing VM with a site-to-site interface that connects to the Local Network Gateway on Azure using a pre-shared key - Configure a static route to your destination address spaces - Configure a DNS conditional forwarder for your remote lab domain All this can take between 10 and 15 minutes, depending on how long it takes to create the Gateway resources on Azure. Connecting two Azure-based labs works similarly with the only difference being that you do not need a routing machine. Instead, the appropriate network gateways will be created in both resource groups, allowing you to automatically configure a VPN connection across subscription and region boundaries. In order to connect your on-premises lab to any IPSEC VPN gateway with a pre-shared key, use the second parameter set: Connect-Lab -SourceLab OnPremises -DestinationIpAddress 1.2.3.4 -PreSharedKey "SomePsk!" -AddressSpace "10.10.0.0/16","192.168.27.0/24" The destination IP needs to be either a static public IP or a resolvable hostname of your remote VPN gateway. The pre-shared key needs to match you gateway's key. For any address spaces that should be routed through your VPN connection originating in your lab, just specify them comma-separated. RESTORE-LABCONNECTION If your own public IP address changes or you experience connectivity issues within your lab environment, chances are that either the public IP of your Azure gateway or of your on-premises lab have changed. Using the cmdlet Restore-LabConnection, we take measures to correct these basic issues: Restore-LabConnection -SourceLab OnPremisesLab -DestinationLab AzureLab Restore-LabConnection will reconfigure any IP addresses that might have changed in order to restore the connection. DISCONNECT-LAB If you want to disconnect your lab and discard the resources that have been created, just call the cmdlet Disconnect-Lab. This will undo all steps that were previously taken in Connect-Lab. Summary Adding roles to AutomatedLab was painful and complicated and almost only possible if you know the internals of AutomatedLab and how all the parts are interconnected. The concept of custom roles have been introduced to quickly add new roles to AutomatedLab by just copying some files to the LabSources\CustomRoles folder. Custom roles can be defined by just one file or can be quite complex. A very simple one that explains all the features of custom roles is the DemoCustomRole . When assigning a custom role to a machine you can specify parameters to make the use flexible. At the moment, the following custom roles exist: - CM-2002, CM-1902 to deploy System Center Configuration Manager - LabBuilder to deploy a REST API using polaris on a nested Hyper-V which can be used to deploy labs - MDT - Exchange2016, Exchange2019 to deploy the respective Exchange version - NuGetServer to deploy a simple ASP.NET page that includes the NuGet.Server package - PowerShellWebAccess to enable PowerShell Web Access (PSWA) on a VM - ProGet5 to install Inedo ProGet THE CONCEPT IN SHORT SIMPLE CUSTOM ROLE Defining a new custom role is as simple as that: - Create a new folder in LabSources\CustomRoles named after your role, for example TestRole. - Create a PS1 file in the newly created folder with the same name (TestRole.ps1). You are done. Now the AutomatedLab cmdlet Get-LabPostInstallationActivity will pick up that new role when using the parameter CustomRole (if powershell auto-comlete is quick enough and does not time out). That role can be passed to a machine then $role = Get-LabPostInstallationActivity -CustomRole TestRole Add-LabMachineDefinition -Name TestServer -PostInstallationActivity $role During the deployment, AutomatedLab sends the TestRole folder to the virtual machine and runs the script 'TestRole.ps1' there remotely. This is the most simple implementation. There are no parameters, just a single script and no local activities. RUNNING LOCAL ACTIVITIES ON THE HOST AS PART OF A CUSTOM ROLE Quite often in order to install a role you need some files from the internet but the VMs are not internet connected. For that the custom role feature looks for two scripts in the custom role folder: - HostStart.ps1 (invoked locally) - <CustomRoleName>.ps1 (invoked remotely on the VM) - HostEnd.ps1 (invoked locally) The HostStart script is run before anything is triggered on the VM and the HostEnd script after the custom role script has been invoked on the VM. It is not mandatory to have all three scripts. You can have a custom role with just a HostStart script running locally and no custom role script or with just a custom role script and nothing that runs on the host. A good example is the MDT custom role. CUSTOM ROLE PARAMETERS Parameters can be defined as well like this: $role = Get-LabPostInstallationActivity -CustomRole TestRole -Properties @{ param1 = 'Test'; param2 = 100} AutomatedLab will throw an error if the custom role script's parameters do not match the hashtable defined. It also checks for mandatory parameters in the script and throws an error if these are not assigned in the properties hashtable. If you use HostStart and / or HostEnd scripts, AutomatedLab verifies the properties hashtable against all these scripts. The hashtable will be filtered before invoking the scripts and splatting the parameters. The DemoCustomRole shows this. MORE COMPLEX CUSTOM ROLE As AutomatedLab copies the whole folder to the machine the role is assigned to, you can also have a script that calls other scripts. For example TestRole.ps1 could look like this: & $PSScriptRoor\Init.ps1 & $PSScriptRoor\Install.ps1 & $PSScriptRoor\Customizations.ps1 The same pattern can be used for HostStart and HostEnd as well. You do not have to put all the logic in just one file. DEMO ROLES AutomatedLab comes with some some roles. * DemoCustomRole : This is a easy sample that shows how the parameter handling works and how the files are related to each other. * MDT that is invoked on the lab VM. * ProGet5 : This role installs an Inedo ProGet server, also without a custom role script. All the orchestration is done locally on the host. Getting lab notifications from the AutomatedLab notification hub is very easy. The default notification method on Windows 10/Server 2016 is a toast notification in the notification center. Install-Lab already makes use of the notification hub to send a notification each time a lab starts and finishes installing. The current providers that can be used to send notifications are Toast, IFTTT and Mail. All provider-related settings can be accessed from the module manifest of the module AutomatedLabNotifications. To subscribe to one or more providers, simply add them to the NotificationProviders key of the AutomatedLab module manifest. To use the notification hub in your own scripts, you can use the function: Send-ALNotification -Activity 'Your activity' -Message 'Your detailed message here' -Provider Toast,Ifttt The module AutomatedLabNotification knows all it's providers by looking at it's module manifest. To add your own, custom provider, you only need to add it to this list as well as create a PowerShell script called Send-AL<YourProviderName>Notification in the modules Private subfolder. This script needs to contain the function Send-AL<YourProviderName>Notification and this function needs to implement the Parameters Activity and Message. Example: function Send-ALCustomProviderNotification { param ( [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [System.String] $Activity, [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] [System.String] $Message ) } To store user-specific settings like keys, ports, ... make use of the PrivateData hashtable inside the module manifest of AutomatedLabNotification: PrivateData = @{ Ifttt = @{ Key = "Your IFTTT key here" EventName = "The name of your IFTTT event" } Mail = @{ To = "Your recipient array here" CC = "Your CC array here" SmtpServer = "Your SMTP server here" From = "Your sender here" Priority = "Normal" Port = 25 } Toast = @{ Provider = 'AutomatedLab' } } To work with IFTTT, simply create a Webhook applet (https://ifttt.com/maker_webhooks). You can find your key here: https://ifttt.com/services/maker_webhooks/settings. You also need the event name of your applet. Last but not least: If you think of a cool provider, just develop it and send us your pull request! Renaming used resources AutomatedLab offers the ability to select different resource names for your lab machines as well as virtual switches. While this feature is mainly intended for on-premises hypervisors like Hyper-V, Azure-based labs can also make use of the new resource naming. This feature is very useful for classroom deployments if students are using a shared hypervisor, as the same lab can be deployed multiple times. Both `Add-LabVirtualNetworkDefinition` as well as `Add-LabMachineDefinition` can use the `ResourceName` parameter. * Important: This feature does not overcome the boundaries of networking on Hyper-V. Remember to use non-overlapping address spaces for each lab network, as shown in the example. For various reasons, AutomatedLab uses Internal virtual switches on Hyper-V. * EXAMPLE foreach ($studentNumber in (1..10)) { New-LabDefinition -Name "$($studentNumber)POSH" -DefaultVirtualizationEngine HyperV Add-LabVirtualNetworkDefinition -Name VMNet -ResourceName "$($studentNumber)VMNet" -AddressSpace "192.168.$($studentNumber).0/24" Add-LabMachineDefinition -Name DC01 -ResourceName "$($studentNumber)DC01" -Roles RootDC -Domain contoso.com -OperatingSystem 'Windows Server 2016 Datacenter' Install-Lab } In the sample, the resources deployed on Hyper-V will be prefixed with Studentxx, while each student uses the VM host name to interact with the machine. Specifying a resource name for the virtual network adapter in this case would not be necessary, as the default adapter name is equal to the lab name. Use Powershell Desired State Configuration (DSC) `Invoke-LabDSCConfiguration` is the counterpart to `Invoke-LabCommand`. As described in Running custom commands using `Invoke-LabCommand` , `Invoke-LabCommand` is a very powerful cmdlet to customize your lab environment after the initial deployment. `Invoke-LabDSCConfiguration` can be even more powerful if your customizations can be achieved using PowerShell DSC. `Invoke-LabDSCConfiguration` offers the same level of comfort as `Invoke-LabCommand`, maybe even more as it handles also some of the complexities coming with DSC. You do not have to care about authentication, copying resources or configuring the Local Configuration Manager (if in push mode). > Note: If you are not familiar with DSC, please consult the documentation published on MSDN Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration Overview . In order to use `Invoke-LabDSCConfiguration`, you have to define a local configuration on your host machine and you must have the required DSC resources available on your host machine as well. To demonstrate how `Invoke-LabDSCConfiguration` works, this article features two demos. The first is extremely simple and does not use any non-standard DSC resources. The second is much more complex, uses the `xWebAdministration` DSC Resource and configuration data. DEMO 1 This configuration is just creating a single file with whatever content you define in the configuration data. The MOF file is created locally on the host in \LabSources\DscConfigurations. The MOF file is then pushed to the lab machines specified by the ComputerName parameter and the Local Configuration Manager (LCM) is configured accordingly with default values. The configuration will be applied each 15 minutes on the lab VMs unless you re-configure the LCM or overwrite the configuration. `Import-Lab` is used to make the lab data available in a new PowerShell session. PowerShell Import-lab -Name POSH -NoValidation configuration Demo1 { File TestFile1 { DestinationPath = 'C:\TestFile1.txt' Ensure = 'Present' Contents = $ConfigurationData.FileContent } } $ConfigurationData = @{ AllNodes = @() FileContent = '123' } Invoke-LabDscConfiguration -Configuration (Get-Command -Name Demo1) ` -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData -ComputerName poshfs1 To re-apply an existing configuration on a lab machine, you can use this command: PowerShell Invoke-LabDscConfiguration -ComputerName poshfs1 -UseExisting DEMO 2 In next example, a web site is configured on two lab machines using the DSC resource `xWebAdministration`. `Invoke-LabDSCConfiguration` pushes the configuration including the DSC resource to all machines specified. The `xWebAdministration` DSC resource is required on the host computer. If this is not there, you can install it right from the PowerShell Gallery like this: PowerShell Install-Module -Name xWebAdministration This demo configuration was taken from the `xWebAdministration` main page and slightly modified. > Note: The function `Get-DscConfigurationImportedResource` is used to discover all the DSC resources used within a configuration so you do not have to care about that. PowerShell Configuration Sample_xWebsite_FromConfigurationData { # Import the module that defines custom resources Import-DscResource -Module xWebAdministration # Dynamically find the applicable nodes from configuration data Node $AllNodes.where{$_.Role -eq "Web"}.NodeName { File DemoFile { DestinationPath = 'C:\BakeryWebsite\index.html' Ensure = 'Present' Type = 'File' Contents = 'Test Web Site' Force = $true } # Install the IIS role WindowsFeature IIS { Ensure = "Present" Name = "Web-Server" } WindowsFeature IISManagement { Ensure = "Present" Name = "Web-Mgmt-Tools" } # Install the ASP .NET 4.5 role WindowsFeature AspNet45 { Ensure = "Present" Name = "Web-Asp-Net45" } # Stop an existing website (set up in Sample_xWebsite_Default) xWebsite DefaultSite { Ensure = "Present" Name = "Default Web Site" State = "Stopped" PhysicalPath = $Node.DefaultWebSitePath DependsOn = "[WindowsFeature]IIS" } # Copy the website content File WebContent { Ensure = "Present" SourcePath = $Node.SourcePath DestinationPath = $Node.DestinationPath Recurse = $true Type = "Directory" DependsOn = "[WindowsFeature]AspNet45" } # Create a new website xWebsite BakeryWebSite { Ensure = "Present" Name = $Node.WebsiteName State = "Started" PhysicalPath = $Node.DestinationPath DependsOn = "[File]WebContent" } } } ## Content of configuration data file (e.g. ConfigurationData.psd1) could be: ## Hashtable to define the environmental data $ConfigurationData = @{ # Node specific data AllNodes = @( # All the WebServer has following identical information @{ NodeName = "*" WebsiteName = "FourthCoffee" SourcePath = "C:\BakeryWebsite\" DestinationPath = "C:\inetpub\FourthCoffee" DefaultWebSitePath = "C:\inetpub\wwwroot" }, @{ NodeName = "poshdc1.contoso.com" Role = "Web" }, @{ NodeName = "poshdc2.contoso.com" Role = "Web" } ) } ## Pass the configuration data to configuration as follows: ##Sample_xWebsite_FromConfigurationData -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData -OutputPath C:\DscConfigs Invoke-LabDscConfiguration -Configuration (Get-Command -Name Sample_xWebsite_FromConfigurationData) -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData -ComputerName poshdc1 |