Adsi.psm1
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function Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath { <# .SYNOPSIS Add a domain FQDN to an LDAP directory path as the server address so the new path can be used for remote queries .DESCRIPTION Uses RegEx to: Match the Domain Components from the Distinguished Name in the LDAP directory path Convert the Domain Components to an FQDN Insert them into the directory path as the server address .INPUTS [System.String]$DirectoryPath .OUTPUTS [System.String] Complete LDAP directory path including server address .EXAMPLE Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath 'LDAP://CN=user1,OU=UsersOU,DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com' LDAP://ad.contoso.com/CN=user1,OU=UsersOU,DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com Add the domain FQDN to a single LDAP directory path #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # Incomplete LDAP directory path containing a distinguishedName but lacking a server address [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string[]]$DirectoryPath, [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}) ) begin { $PathRegEx = '(?<Path>LDAP:\/\/[^\/]*)' $DomainRegEx = '(?i)DC=\w{1,}?\b' } process { ForEach ($ThisPath in $DirectoryPath) { if ($ThisPath -match $PathRegEx) { if ($ThisPath -match $DomainRegEx) { $DomainDN = $null $DomainFqdn = $null $DomainDN = ([regex]::Matches($ThisPath, $DomainRegEx) | ForEach-Object { $_.Value }) -join ',' $DomainFqdn = ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName $DomainDN -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios if ($ThisPath -match "LDAP:\/\/$DomainFqdn\/") { #Write-Debug -Message "Domain FQDN already found in the directory path: $($ThisPath)" $FQDNPath = $ThisPath } else { $FQDNPath = $ThisPath -replace 'LDAP:\/\/', "LDAP://$DomainFqdn/" } } else { #Write-Debug -Message "Domain DN not found in the directory path: $($ThisPath)" $FQDNPath = $ThisPath } } else { #Write-Debug -Message "Not an expected directory path: $($ThisPath)" $FQDNPath = $ThisPath } $FQDNPath } } } function Add-SidInfo { <# .SYNOPSIS Add some useful properties to a DirectoryEntry object for easier access .DESCRIPTION Add SidString, Domain, and SamAccountName NoteProperties to a DirectoryEntry .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] or a [PSCustomObject] imitation. InputObject parameter. Must contain the objectSid property. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] or a [PSCustomObject] imitation. Whatever was input, but with three extra properties added now. .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrator') | Add-SidInfo distinguishedName : Path : WinNT://localhost/Administrator The output object's default format is not modified so with default formatting it appears identical to the original. Upon closer inspection it now has SidString, Domain, and SamAccountName properties. #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry[]], [PSCustomObject[]])] param ( # Expecting a [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] from the LDAP or WinNT providers, or a [PSCustomObject] imitation from Get-DirectoryEntry. # Must contain the objectSid property [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $InputObject, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable containing known domain SIDs as the keys and their names as the values $TrustedDomainSidNameMap = (Get-TrustedDomainSidNameMap -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios) ) begin {} process { ForEach ($Object in $InputObject) { $SID = $null $SamAccountName = $null $DomainObject = $null if ($null -eq $Object) { continue } elseif ( $null -ne $Object.objectSid.Value -and # With WinNT directory entries for the root (WinNT://localhost), objectSid is a method rather than a property # So we need to filter out those instances here to avoid this error: # The following exception occurred while retrieving the string representation for method "objectSid": # "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." $Object.objectSid.Value.GetType().FullName -ne 'System.Management.Automation.PSMethod' ) { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$Object.objectSid.Value, 0) } elseif ($Object.Properties) { if ($Object.Properties['objectSid'].Value) { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$Object.Properties['objectSid'].Value, 0) } elseif ($Object.Properties['objectSid']) { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]($Object.Properties['objectSid'] | ForEach-Object { $_ }), 0) } if ($Object.Properties['samaccountname']) { $SamAccountName = $Object.Properties['samaccountname'] } else { #DirectoryEntries from the WinNT provider for local accounts do not have a samaccountname attribute so we use name instead $SamAccountName = $Object.Properties['name'] } } elseif ($Object.objectSid) { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$Object.objectSid, 0) } if ($Object.Domain.Sid) { #if ($Object.Domain.GetType().FullName -ne 'System.Management.Automation.PSMethod') { # This would only have come from Add-SidInfo in the first place # This means it was added with Add-Member in Get-DirectoryEntry for the root of the computer's directory if ($null -eq $SID) { [string]$SID = $Object.Domain.Sid } $DomainObject = $Object.Domain #} } if (-not $DomainObject) { # The SID of the domain is the SID of the user minus the last block of numbers $DomainSid = $SID.Substring(0, $Sid.LastIndexOf("-")) # Lookup other information about the domain using its SID as the key $DomainObject = $TrustedDomainSidNameMap[$DomainSid] } #Write-Debug -Message "$SamAccountName`t$SID" $Object | Add-Member -PassThru -Force @{ SidString = $SID Domain = $DomainObject SamAccountName = $SamAccountName } } } end { } } function ConvertFrom-DirectoryEntry { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a DirectoryEntry to a PSCustomObject .DESCRIPTION Recursively convert every property into a string, or a PSCustomObject (whose properties are all strings, or more PSCustomObjects) This obfuscates the troublesome PropertyCollection and PropertyValueCollection and Hashtable aspects of working with ADSI .NOTES # TODO: There is a faster way than Select-Object, just need to dig into the default formatting of DirectoryEntry to see how to get those properties #> param ( [Parameter( Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline )] [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry[]]$DirectoryEntry ) process { ForEach ($ThisDirectoryEntry in $DirectoryEntry) { $ObjectWithProperties = $ThisDirectoryEntry | Select-Object -Property * $ObjectNoteProperties = $ObjectWithProperties | Get-Member -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty $ThisObject = @{} ForEach ($ThisObjProperty in $ObjectNoteProperties) { $ThisObject = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $ObjectWithProperties -Property $ThisObjProperty.Name -PropertyDictionary $ThisObject } [PSCustomObject]$ThisObject } } } function ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a PropertyValueCollection to a string .DESCRIPTION Useful when working with System.DirectoryServices and some other namespaces .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.String] .EXAMPLE $DirectoryEntry = [adsi]("WinNT://$(hostname)") $DirectoryEntry.Properties.Keys | ForEach-Object { ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString -PropertyValueCollection $DirectoryEntry.Properties[$_] } For each property in a DirectoryEntry, convert its corresponding PropertyValueCollection to a string #> param ( [System.DirectoryServices.PropertyValueCollection]$PropertyValueCollection ) $SubType = & { $PropertyValueCollection.Value.GetType().FullName } 2>$null switch ($SubType) { 'System.Byte[]' { ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation -ByteArray $PropertyValueCollection.Value } default { "$($PropertyValueCollection.Value)" } } } function ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a byte array to a string representation of its decimal format .DESCRIPTION Uses the custom format operator -f to format each byte as a string decimal representation .INPUTS [System.Byte[]]$ByteArray .OUTPUTS [System.String] Array of strings representing the byte array's decimal values .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation -ByteArray $Bytes Convert the binary SID $Bytes to a decimal string representation #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # Byte array. Often the binary format of an objectSid or LoginHours [byte[]]$ByteArray ) $ByteArray | ForEach-Object { '{0}' -f $_ } } function ConvertTo-DistinguishedName { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a domain NetBIOS name to its distinguishedName .DESCRIPTION https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/nn-iads-iadsnametranslate .INPUTS [System.String]$Domain .OUTPUTS [System.String] distinguishedName of the domain .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain 'CONTOSO' DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com Resolve the NetBIOS domain 'CONTOSO' to its distinguishedName 'DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com' #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # NetBIOS name of the domain [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'NetBIOS')] [string[]]$Domain, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NetBIOS')] [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # NetBIOS name of the domain [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'FQDN')] [string[]]$DomainFQDN, # Type of initialization to be performed # Will be translated to the corresponding integer for use as the lnSetType parameter of the IADsNameTranslate::Init method (iads.h) # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/ne-iads-ads_name_inittype_enum [string]$InitType = 'ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_GC', # Format of the name of the directory object that will be used for the input # Will be translated to the corresponding integer for use as the lnSetType parameter of the IADsNameTranslate::Set method (iads.h) # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/ne-iads-ads_name_type_enum [string]$InputType = 'ADS_NAME_TYPE_NT4', # Format of the name of the directory object that will be used for the output # Will be translated to the corresponding integer for use as the lnSetType parameter of the IADsNameTranslate::Get method (iads.h) # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/ne-iads-ads_name_type_enum [string]$OutputType = 'ADS_NAME_TYPE_1779' ) begin { $ThisHostname = HOSTNAME.EXE # Declare constants for these Windows enums # We need to because PowerShell makes it hard to directly use the Win32 API and read the enum definition # Use hashtables instead of enums since this use case is so simple $ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_dict = @{ ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_DOMAIN = 1 #Initializes a NameTranslate object by setting the domain that the object binds to. ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_SERVER = 2 #Initializes a NameTranslate object by setting the server that the object binds to. ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_GC = 3 #Initializes a NameTranslate object by locating the global catalog that the object binds to. } $ADS_NAME_TYPE_dict = @{ ADS_NAME_TYPE_1779 = 1 #Name format as specified in RFC 1779. For example, "CN=Jeff Smith,CN=users,DC=Fabrikam,DC=com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_CANONICAL = 2 #Canonical name format. For example, "Fabrikam.com/Users/Jeff Smith". ADS_NAME_TYPE_NT4 = 3 #Account name format used in Windows. For example, "Fabrikam\JeffSmith". ADS_NAME_TYPE_DISPLAY = 4 #Display name format. For example, "Jeff Smith". ADS_NAME_TYPE_DOMAIN_SIMPLE = 5 #Simple domain name format. For example, "JeffSmith@Fabrikam.com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_ENTERPRISE_SIMPLE = 6 #Simple enterprise name format. For example, "JeffSmith@Fabrikam.com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_GUID = 7 #Global Unique Identifier format. For example, "{95ee9fff-3436-11d1-b2b0-d15ae3ac8436}". ADS_NAME_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 8 #Unknown name type. The system will estimate the format. This element is a meaningful option only with the IADsNameTranslate.Set or the IADsNameTranslate.SetEx method, but not with the IADsNameTranslate.Get or IADsNameTranslate.GetEx method. ADS_NAME_TYPE_USER_PRINCIPAL_NAME = 9 #User principal name format. For example, "JeffSmith@Fabrikam.com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_CANONICAL_EX = 10 #Extended canonical name format. For example, "Fabrikam.com/Users Jeff Smith". ADS_NAME_TYPE_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL_NAME = 11 #Service principal name format. For example, "www/www.fabrikam.com@fabrikam.com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_SID_OR_SID_HISTORY_NAME = 12 #A SID string, as defined in the Security Descriptor Definition Language (SDDL), for either the SID of the current object or one from the object SID history. For example, "O:AOG:DAD:(A;;RPWPCCDCLCSWRCWDWOGA;;;S-1-0-0)" } $ChosenInitType = $ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_dict[$InitType] $ChosenInputType = $ADS_NAME_TYPE_dict[$InputType] $ChosenOutputType = $ADS_NAME_TYPE_dict[$OutputType] } process { ForEach ($ThisDomain in $Domain) { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$ThisDomain] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tConvertTo-DistinguishedName`t# Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$ThisDomain'" ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -DomainFQDN $DomainCacheResult.Dns } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tConvertTo-DistinguishedName`t# Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$ThisDomain'. Available keys: $($DomainsByNetBios.Keys -join ',')" Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostname`tConvertTo-DistinguishedName`t`$IADsNameTranslateComObject = New-Object -comObject 'NameTranslate' # For '$ThisDomain'" $IADsNameTranslateComObject = New-Object -comObject "NameTranslate" Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostname`tConvertTo-DistinguishedName`t`$IADsNameTranslateInterface = `$IADsNameTranslateComObject.GetType() # For '$ThisDomain'" $IADsNameTranslateInterface = $IADsNameTranslateComObject.GetType() Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostname`tConvertTo-DistinguishedName`t`$null = `$IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember('Init', 'InvokeMethod', `$Null, `$IADsNameTranslateComObject, ($ChosenInitType, `$Null)) # For '$ThisDomain'" $null = $IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember("Init", "InvokeMethod", $Null, $IADsNameTranslateComObject, ($ChosenInitType, $Null)) Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostname`tConvertTo-DistinguishedName`t`$null = `$IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember('Set', 'InvokeMethod', `$Null, `$IADsNameTranslateComObject, ($ChosenInputType, '$ThisDomain\')) # For '$ThisDomain'" $null = $IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember("Set", "InvokeMethod", $Null, $IADsNameTranslateComObject, ($ChosenInputType, "$ThisDomain\")) Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostname`tConvertTo-DistinguishedName`t`$IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember('Get', 'InvokeMethod', `$Null, `$IADsNameTranslateComObject, $ChosenOutputType) # For '$ThisDomain'" $IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember("Get", "InvokeMethod", $Null, $IADsNameTranslateComObject, $ChosenOutputType) } } ForEach ($ThisDomain in $DomainFQDN) { "dc=$($ThisDomain -replace '\.',',dc=')" } } } function ConvertTo-Fqdn { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a domain distinguishedName name or NetBIOS name to its FQDN .DESCRIPTION For the DistinguishedName parameter, uses PowerShell's -replace operator to perform the conversion For the NetBIOS parameter, uses ConvertTo-DistinguishedName to convert from NetBIOS to distinguishedName, then recursively calls this function to get the FQDN .INPUTS [System.String]$DistinguishedName .OUTPUTS [System.String] FQDN version of the distinguishedName .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName 'DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com' ad.contoso.com Convert the domain distinguishedName 'DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com' to its FQDN format 'ad.contoso.com' #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # distinguishedName of the domain [Parameter( ParameterSetName = 'DistinguishedName', ValueFromPipeline )] [string[]]$DistinguishedName, # NetBIOS name of the domain [Parameter( ParameterSetName = 'NetBIOS', ValueFromPipeline )] [string[]]$NetBIOS, [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}), [hashtable]$KnownDomains = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}) ) process { ForEach ($DN in $DistinguishedName) { $DN -replace ',DC=', '.' -replace 'DC=', '' } ForEach ($ThisNetBios in $NetBIOS) { $DomainDn = $KnownDomains[$DomainNetBIOS] if ( -not $DomainDn -and -not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DomainNetBIOS) ) { $KnownDomains[$DomainNetBIOS] = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain $DomainNetBIOS -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tConvertTo-Fqdn`tCache miss for domain $($DomainNetBIOS). Adding its Distinguished Name to dictionary of known domains for future lookup" } $DomainDn = $KnownDomains[$DomainNetBIOS] ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName $DomainDn } } } function ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentation { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a SID from byte array format to a string representation of its hexadecimal format .DESCRIPTION Uses the custom format operator -f to format each byte as a string hex representation .INPUTS [System.Byte[]]$SIDByteArray .OUTPUTS [System.String] SID as an array of strings representing the byte array's hexadecimal values .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentation -SIDByteArray $Bytes Convert the binary SID $Bytes to a hexadecimal string representation #> [OutputType([System.String[]])] param ( # SID [byte[]]$SIDByteArray ) $SIDHexString = $SIDByteArray | ForEach-Object { '{0:X}' -f $_ } return $SIDHexString } function ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentationForLDAPFilterString { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a SID from byte array format to a string representation of its hexadecimal format, properly formatted for an LDAP filter string .DESCRIPTION Uses the custom format operator -f to format each byte as a string hex representation .INPUTS [System.Byte[]]$SIDByteArray .OUTPUTS [System.String] SID as an array of strings representing the byte array's hexadecimal values .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentationForLDAPFilterString -SIDByteArray $Bytes Convert the binary SID $Bytes to a hexadecimal string representation, formatted for use in an LDAP filter string #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # SID to convert to a hex string [byte[]]$SIDByteArray ) $Hexes = $SIDByteArray | ForEach-Object { '{0:X}' -f $_ } | ForEach-Object { if ($_.Length -eq 2) { $_ } else { "0$_" } } "\$($Hexes -join '\')" } function ConvertTo-LDAPDomainNetBIOS { param ( [string]$DomainFQDN, <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of known directory servers to reduce duplicate queries [hashtable]$AdsiServersByDns = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByFqdn[$DomainFQDN] if ($DomainCacheResult) { return $DomainCacheResult.Netbios } $ThisHostName = HOSTNAME.EXE $AdsiServer = Get-AdsiServer -AdsiServer $DomainFQDN -AdsiServersByDns $AdsiServersByDns if ($AdsiServer.AdsiProvider -eq 'LDAP') { $RootDSE = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainFQDN/rootDSE" -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios Write-Debug " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tConvertTo-LDAPDomainNetBIOS`t`$RootDSE.InvokeGet('defaultNamingContext')" $DomainDistinguishedName = $RootDSE.InvokeGet("defaultNamingContext") Write-Debug " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tConvertTo-LDAPDomainNetBIOS`t`$RootDSE.InvokeGet('configurationNamingContext')" $ConfigurationDN = $rootDSE.InvokeGet("configurationNamingContext") $partitions = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainFQDN/cn=partitions,$ConfigurationDN" -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios ForEach ($Child In $Partitions.Children) { If ($Child.nCName -contains $DomainDistinguishedName) { return $Child.nETBIOSName } } } else { ($DomainFQDN -split '\.')[0] } } function ConvertTo-SidByteArray { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a SID from a string to binary format (byte array) .DESCRIPTION Uses the GetBinaryForm method of the [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier] class .INPUTS [System.String]$SidString .OUTPUTS [System.Byte] SID a a byte array .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString $SID Convert the SID string to a byte array #> [OutputType([System.Byte[]])] param ( # SID to convert to binary [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string[]]$SidString ) process { ForEach ($ThisSID in $SidString) { $SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($ThisSID) [byte[]]$Bytes = [byte[]]::new($SID.BinaryLength) $SID.GetBinaryForm($Bytes, 0) $Bytes } } } function Expand-AdsiGroupMember { <# .SYNOPSIS Use the LDAP provider to add information about group members to a DirectoryEntry of a group for easier access .DESCRIPTION Recursively retrieves group members and detailed information about them .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]$DirectoryEntry .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] Returned with member info added now (if the DirectoryEntry is a group). .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrators') | Get-AdsiGroupMember | Expand-AdsiGroupMember Need to fix example and add notes #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # Expecting a DirectoryEntry from the LDAP or WinNT providers, or a PSObject imitation from Get-DirectoryEntry [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $DirectoryEntry, # Properties of the group members to retrieve [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad = @('operatingSystem', 'objectSid', 'samAccountName', 'objectClass', 'distinguishedName', 'name', 'grouptype', 'description', 'managedby', 'member', 'objectClass', 'Department', 'Title'), <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't need to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable containing known domain SIDs as the keys and their names as the values $TrustedDomainSidNameMap = (Get-TrustedDomainSidNameMap -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios) ) begin { $i = 0 } process { ForEach ($Entry in $DirectoryEntry) { $i++ #$status = ("$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-AdsiGroupMember`tStatus: Using ADSI to get info on group member $i`: " + $Entry.Name) #Write-Debug -Message " $status" $Principal = $null if ($Entry.objectClass -contains 'foreignSecurityPrincipal') { if ($Entry.distinguishedName.Value -match '(?>^CN=)(?<SID>[^,]*)') { [string]$SID = $Matches.SID #The SID of the domain is the SID of the user minus the last block of numbers $DomainSid = $SID.Substring(0, $Sid.LastIndexOf("-")) $Domain = $TrustedDomainSidNameMap[$DomainSid] #$Success = $true #try { $Principal = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$($Domain.Dns)/<SID=$SID>" -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios #} catch { # $Success = $false # $Principal = $Entry # Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-AdsiGroupMember`t$SID could not be retrieved from $Domain" #} #if ($Success -eq $true) { try { $null = $Principal.RefreshCache($PropertiesToLoad) } catch { #$Success = $false $Principal = $Entry Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-AdsiGroupMember`t$SID could not be retrieved from $Domain" } # Recursively enumerate group members if ($Principal.properties['objectClass'].Value -contains 'group') { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-AdsiGroupMember`t'$($Principal.properties['name'])' is a group in $Domain" $Principal = ( $Principal | Get-AdsiGroupMember -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios ).FullMembers | Expand-AdsiGroupMember -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -TrustedDomainSidNameMap $TrustedDomainSidNameMap -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } #} } } else { $Principal = $Entry } Add-SidInfo -InputObject $Principal -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -TrustedDomainSidNameMap $TrustedDomainSidNameMap -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } } } function Expand-IdentityReference { <# .SYNOPSIS Use ADSI to collect more information about the IdentityReference in NTFS Access Control Entries .DESCRIPTION Recursively retrieves group members and detailed information about them Use caching to reduce duplicate directory queries .INPUTS [System.Object]$AccessControlEntry .OUTPUTS [System.Object] The input object is returned with additional properties added: DirectoryEntry DomainDn DomainNetBIOS ObjectType Members (if the DirectoryEntry is a group). .EXAMPLE (Get-Acl).Access | Resolve-IdentityReference | Group-Object -Property IdentityReferenceResolved | Expand-IdentityReference Incomplete example but it shows the chain of functions to generate the expected input for this #> [OutputType([System.Object])] param ( # The NTFS AccessControlEntry object(s), grouped by their IdentityReference property # TODO: Use System.Security.Principal.NTAccount instead [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [System.Object[]]$AccessControlEntry, # Do not get group members [switch]$NoGroupMembers, # Thread-safe hashtable to use for caching directory entries and avoiding duplicate directory queries [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Thread-safe hashtable to use for caching directory entries and avoiding duplicate directory queries [hashtable]$IdentityReferenceCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsBySID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) begin { #Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$(($AccessControlEntry | Measure).Count) unique IdentityReferences found in the $(($AccessControlEntry | Measure).Count) ACEs" # Get the SID of the current domain $CurrentDomain = (Get-CurrentDomain) # Convert the objectSID attribute (byte array) to a security descriptor string formatted according to SDDL syntax (Security Descriptor Definition Language) [string]$CurrentDomainSID = & { [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$CurrentDomain.objectSid.Value, 0) } 2>$null $KnownDomains = @{} #$i = 0 } process { ForEach ($ThisIdentity in $AccessControlEntry) { $ThisIdentityGroup = $ThisIdentity.Group #$i++ #Calculate the completion percentage, and format it to show 0 decimal places #$percentage = "{0:N0}" -f (($i / ($AccessControlEntry.Count)) * 100) #Display the progress bar #$status = $percentage + "% - Using ADSI to get info on NTFS IdentityReference $i of " + $AccessControlEntry.Count + ": " + $ThisIdentity.Name #Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`tStatus: $status" #Write-Progress -Activity ("Unique IdentityReferences: " + $AccessControlEntry.Count) -Status $status -PercentComplete $percentage if ($null -eq $IdentityReferenceCache[$ThisIdentity.Name]) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`tIdentityReferenceCache miss for '$($ThisIdentity.Name)'" $DomainDN = $null $DirectoryEntry = $null $Members = $null $GetDirectoryEntryParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios } $SearchDirectoryParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios } $StartingIdentityName = $ThisIdentity.Name $split = $StartingIdentityName.Split('\') $domainNetbiosString = $split[0] $name = $split[1] if ( $null -ne $name -and ($ThisIdentity.Group.AdsiProvider | Select-Object -First 1) -eq 'LDAP' ) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) is a domain security principal" $DomainNetbiosCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$domainNetbiosString] if ($DomainNetbiosCacheResult) { $DomainDn = $DomainNetbiosCacheResult.DistinguishedName $SearchDirectoryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "LDAP://$($DomainNetbiosCacheResult.Dns)/$DomainDn" } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`tDomain NetBIOS cache miss for '$($domainNetbiosString)'" if ( -not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($domainNetbiosString) ) { $DomainDn = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain $domainNetbiosString -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } $SearchDirectoryParams['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$domainNetbiosString" -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } # Search the domain for the principal $SearchDirectoryParams['Filter'] = "(samaccountname=$Name)" $SearchDirectoryParams['PropertiesToLoad'] = @( 'objectClass', 'distinguishedName', 'name', 'grouptype', 'description', 'managedby', 'member', 'objectClass', 'Department', 'Title' ) try { $DirectoryEntry = Search-Directory @SearchDirectoryParams } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) could not be resolved against its directory" Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($_.Exception.Message)" } } elseif (((($StartingIdentityName -split '-') | Select-Object -SkipLast 1) -join '-') -eq $CurrentDomainSID) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) is an unresolved SID from the current domain" # Get the distinguishedName and netBIOSName of the current domain. This also determines whether the domain is online. $DomainDN = $CurrentDomain.distinguishedName.Value $DomainFQDN = $DomainDN | ConvertTo-Fqdn $SearchDirectoryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "LDAP://$DomainFQDN/cn=partitions,cn=configuration,$DomainDn" $SearchDirectoryParams['Filter'] = "(&(objectcategory=crossref)(dnsroot=$DomainFQDN)(netbiosname=*))" $SearchDirectoryParams['PropertiesToLoad'] = 'netbiosname' $DomainCrossReference = Search-Directory @SearchDirectoryParams if ($DomainCrossReference.Properties ) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`tThe domain '$DomainFQDN' is online" [string]$domainNetbiosString = $DomainCrossReference.Properties['netbiosname'] # TODO: The domain is online, so let's see if any domain trusts have issues? Determine if SID is foreign security principal? # TODO: What if the foreign security principal exists but the corresponding domain trust is down? Don't want to recommend deletion of the ACE in that case. } $SidObject = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($StartingIdentityName) $SidBytes = [byte[]]::new($SidObject.BinaryLength) $null = $SidObject.GetBinaryForm($SidBytes, 0) $ObjectSid = ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentationForLDAPFilterString -SIDByteArray $SidBytes $SearchDirectoryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "LDAP://$DomainFQDN/$DomainDn" $SearchDirectoryParams['Filter'] = "(objectsid=$ObjectSid)" $SearchDirectoryParams['PropertiesToLoad'] = @( 'objectClass', 'distinguishedName', 'name', 'grouptype', 'description', 'managedby', 'member', 'objectClass', 'Department', 'Title' ) try { $DirectoryEntry = Search-Directory @SearchDirectoryParams } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) could not be resolved against its directory" Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($_.Exception.Message)" } } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) is a local security principal or unresolved SID" # Determine if SID belongs to current domain $IdentityDomainSID = (($StartingIdentityName -split '-') | Select-Object -SkipLast 1) -join '-' if ($IdentityDomainSID -eq $CurrentDomainSID) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) belongs to the current domain. Could be a deleted user. ?possibly a foreign security principal corresponding to an offline trusted domain or deleted user in the trusted domain?" } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) does not belong to the current domain. Could be a local security principal or belong to an unresolvable domain." } if ($null -eq $name) { $name = $StartingIdentityName } if ($name -like "S-1-*") { # The SID of the domain is the SID of the user minus the last block of numbers $DomainSid = $name.Substring(0, $name.LastIndexOf("-")) # Lookup other information about the domain using its SID as the key $DomainObject = $DomainsBySID[$DomainSid] if ($DomainObject) { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://$($DomainObject.Dns)/Users,group" $domainNetbiosString = $DomainObject.Netbios } else { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://$domainNetbiosString/Users,group" } try { $UsersGroup = Get-DirectoryEntry @GetDirectoryEntryParams } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`tCould not get '$($GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'])' using PSRemoting" Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$_" } $MembersOfUsersGroup = Get-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $UsersGroup -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $DirectoryEntry = $MembersOfUsersGroup | Where-Object -FilterScript { ($name -eq [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$_.Properties['objectSid'].Value, 0)) } if ($DirectoryEntry.Name) { $AccountName = $DirectoryEntry.Name } else { if ($DirectoryEntry.Properties) { if ($DirectoryEntry.Properties['name'].Value) { $AccountName = $DirectoryEntry.Properties['name'].Value } else { $AccountName = $DirectoryEntry.Properties['name'] } } } $ThisIdentity = [pscustomobject]@{ Count = $(($ThisIdentityGroup | Measure-Object).Count) Name = "$domainNetbiosString\" + $AccountName Group = $ThisIdentityGroup # Unclear why this was filtered so I have removed it to see what happens #Group = $ThisIdentityGroup | Where-Object -FilterScript { ($_.SourceAccessList.Path -split '\\')[2] -eq $domainNetbiosString } # Should be already Resolved to a UNC path so it reflects the server name } } else { $DomainNetbiosCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$domainNetbiosString] if ($DomainNetbiosCacheResult) { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://$($DomainNetbiosCacheResult.Dns)/$name" } else { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://$domainNetbiosString/$name" } try { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['PropertiesToLoad'] = 'members' $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry @GetDirectoryEntryParams } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath']) could not be resolved" } } } $ObjectType = $null if ($null -ne $DirectoryEntry) { $ThisIdentity | Add-Member -Name 'DirectoryEntry' -Value $DirectoryEntry -MemberType NoteProperty -Force if ( $DirectoryEntry.Properties['objectClass'] -contains 'group' -or $DirectoryEntry.SchemaClassName -eq 'group' ) { $ObjectType = 'Group' } else { $ObjectType = 'User' } if ($NoGroupMembers -eq $false) { if ( $DirectoryEntry.Properties['objectClass'] -contains 'group' -or $DirectoryEntry.SchemaClassName -eq 'group' ) { # Retrieve the members of groups from the LDAP provider #$Members = (Get-AdsiGroup -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DirectoryPath $DirectoryEntry.Path -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios).FullMembers $Members = (Get-AdsiGroupMember -Group $DirectoryEntry -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios).FullMembers } else { # Retrieve the members of groups from the WinNT provider Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($DirectoryEntry.Path) must be a WinNT user or group" $Members = Get-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DirectoryEntry $DirectoryEntry -KnownDomains $KnownDomains -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } if ($Members) { $Members | ForEach-Object { if ($_.Domain) { $_ | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyMembers @{ Group = $ThisIdentityGroup } } else { $_ | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyMembers @{ Group = $ThisIdentityGroup Domain = [pscustomobject]@{ Dns = $domainNetbiosString Netbios = $domainNetbiosString Sid = ($name -split '-') | Select-Object -Last 1 } } } } } Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($DirectoryEntry.Path) has $(($Members | Measure-Object).Count) members" $ThisIdentity | Add-Member -Name 'Members' -Value $Members -MemberType NoteProperty -Force } } else { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) could not be matched to a DirectoryEntry" } $ThisIdentity | Add-Member -Force -NotePropertyMembers @{ DomainDn = $DomainDn DomainNetbios = $DomainNetBiosString ObjectType = $ObjectType } $IdentityReferenceCache[$StartingIdentityName] = $ThisIdentity } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-IdentityReference`tIdentityReferenceCache hit for '$($ThisIdentity.Name)'" $null = $IdentityReferenceCache[$ThisIdentity.Name].Group.Add($ThisIdentityGroup) $ThisIdentity = $IdentityReferenceCache[$ThisIdentity.Name] } $ThisIdentity } } end { #Write-Progress -Activity Completed -Completed } } function Expand-WinNTGroupMember { <# .SYNOPSIS Use the LDAP provider to add information about group members to a DirectoryEntry of a group for easier access .DESCRIPTION Recursively retrieves group members and detailed information about them .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]$DirectoryEntry .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] Returned with member info added now (if the DirectoryEntry is a group). .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrators') | Get-WinNTGroupMember | Expand-WinNTGroupMember Need to fix example and add notes #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # Expecting a DirectoryEntry from the WinNT provider, or a PSObject imitation from Get-DirectoryEntry [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $DirectoryEntry, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't need to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) begin {} process { ForEach ($ThisEntry in $DirectoryEntry) { if (!($ThisEntry.Properties)) { Write-Warning "'$ThisEntry' has no properties" } elseif ($ThisEntry.Properties['objectClass'] -contains 'group') { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-WinNTGroupMember`t'$($ThisEntry.Path)' is an ADSI group" (Get-AdsiGroup -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DirectoryPath $ThisEntry.Path -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios).FullMembers | Add-SidInfo -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } else { if ($ThisEntry.SchemaClassName -eq 'group') { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-WinNTGroupMember`t'$($ThisEntry.Path)' is a WinNT group" if ($ThisEntry.GetType().FullName -eq 'System.Collections.Hashtable') { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-WinNTGroupMember`t'$($ThisEntry.Path)' is a special group with no direct memberships" $ThisEntry | Add-SidInfo -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } else { Get-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $ThisEntry -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tExpand-WinNTGroupMember`t'$($ThisEntry.Path)' is a user account" $ThisEntry | Add-SidInfo -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } } } } end {} } function Find-AdsiProvider { <# .SYNOPSIS Determine whether a directory server is an LDAP or a WinNT server .DESCRIPTION Uses the ADSI provider to attempt to query the server using LDAP first, then WinNT second .INPUTS [System.String] AdsiServer parameter. .OUTPUTS [System.String] Possible return values are: None LDAP WinNT .EXAMPLE Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer localhost Find the ADSI provider of the local computer .EXAMPLE Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer 'ad.contoso.com' Find the ADSI provider of the AD domain 'ad.contoso.com' #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # IP address or hostname of the directory server whose ADSI provider type to determine [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string[]]$AdsiServer ) process { ForEach ($ThisServer in $AdsiServer) { $AdsiProvider = $null $AdsiPath = "LDAP://$ThisServer" Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tFind-AdsiProvider`t[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists('$AdsiPath')" try { $null = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists($AdsiPath) $AdsiProvider = 'LDAP' } catch { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tFind-AdsiProvider`t# $ThisServer did not respond to LDAP" } if (!$AdsiProvider) { $AdsiPath = "WinNT://$ThisServer" Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tFind-AdsiProvider`t[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists('$AdsiPath')" try { $null = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists($AdsiPath) $AdsiProvider = 'WinNT' } catch { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tFind-AdsiProvider`t# $ThisServer did not respond to WinNT" } } if (!$AdsiProvider) { $AdsiProvider = 'none' } } $AdsiProvider } } function Get-AdsiGroup { <# .SYNOPSIS Get the directory entries for a group and its members using ADSI .DESCRIPTION Uses the ADSI components to search a directory for a group, then get its members Both the WinNT and LDAP providers are supported .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] for each group memeber .EXAMPLE Get-AdsiGroup -DirectoryPath 'WinNT://WORKGROUP/localhost' -GroupName Administrators Get members of the local Administrators group .EXAMPLE Get-AdsiGroup -GroupName Administrators On a domain-joined computer, this will get members of the domain's Administrators group On a workgroup computer, this will get members of the local Administrators group #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( <# Path to the directory object to retrieve Defaults to the root of the current domain #> [string]$DirectoryPath = (([System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new()).SearchRoot.Path), # Name (CN or Common Name) of the group to retrieve [string]$GroupName, # Properties of the group and its members to find in the directory <# [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad = @( 'department', 'description', 'distinguishedName', 'grouptype', 'managedby', 'member', 'name', 'objectClass', 'objectSid', 'operatingSystem', 'samAccountName', 'title' ), #> [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) $GroupParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DirectoryPath = $DirectoryPath PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios } $GroupMemberParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios } switch -Regex ($DirectoryPath) { '^WinNT' { $GroupParams['DirectoryPath'] = "$DirectoryPath/$GroupName" Get-DirectoryEntry @GroupParams | Get-WinNTGroupMember @GroupMemberParams } '^$' { # This is expected for a workgroup computer $GroupParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://localhost/$GroupName" Get-DirectoryEntry @GroupParams | Get-WinNTGroupMember @GroupMemberParams } default { if ($GroupName) { $GroupParams['Filter'] = "(&(objectClass=group)(cn=$GroupName))" } else { $GroupParams['Filter'] = "(objectClass=group)" } Search-Directory @GroupParams | Get-AdsiGroupMember @GroupMemberParams } } } function Get-AdsiGroupMember { <# .SYNOPSIS Get members of a group from the LDAP provider .DESCRIPTION Use ADSI to get members of a group from the LDAP provider Return the group's DirectoryEntry plus a FullMembers property containing the member DirectoryEntries .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]$DirectoryEntry .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] plus a FullMembers property .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('LDAP://ad.contoso.com/CN=Administrators,CN=BuiltIn,DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com') | Get-AdsiGroupMember Get members of the domain Administrators group #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # Directory entry of the LDAP group whose members to get [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $Group, # Properties of the group members to find in the directory [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) begin { $PathRegEx = '(?<Path>LDAP:\/\/[^\/]*)' $DomainRegEx = '(?i)DC=\w{1,}?\b' $SearchParameters = @{ PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios } $TrustedDomainSidNameMap = Get-TrustedDomainSidNameMap -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } process { foreach ($ThisGroup in $Group) { # Recursive search $SearchParameters['Filter'] = "(memberof:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:=$($ThisGroup.Properties['distinguishedname']))" # Non-recursive search #$SearchParameters['Filter'] = "(memberof=$($ThisGroup.Properties['distinguishedname']))" if ($ThisGroup.Path -match $PathRegEx) { $SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $Matches.Path -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios if ($ThisGroup.Path -match $DomainRegEx) { $Domain = ([regex]::Matches($ThisGroup.Path, $DomainRegEx) | ForEach-Object { $_.Value }) -join ',' $SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$Domain" -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } else { $SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $ThisGroup.Path -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } } else { $SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $ThisGroup.Path -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } #Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-AdsiGroupMember`t$($SearchParameters['Filter'])" $GroupMemberSearch = Search-Directory @SearchParameters if ($GroupMemberSearch.Count -gt 0) { $CurrentADGroupMembers = $GroupMemberSearch | ForEach-Object { $FQDNPath = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $_.Path -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $FQDNPath -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } } else { $CurrentADGroupMembers = $null } Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-AdsiGroupMember`t$($ThisGroup.Properties.name) has $(($CurrentADGroupMembers | Measure-Object).Count) members" $ProcessedGroupMembers = $CurrentADGroupMembers | Expand-AdsiGroupMember -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -TrustedDomainSidNameMap $TrustedDomainSidNameMap -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $ThisGroup | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FullMembers -Value $ProcessedGroupMembers -Force -PassThru } } end {} } function Get-AdsiServer { <# .SYNOPSIS Get information about a directory server including the ADSI provider it hosts and its well-known SIDs .DESCRIPTION Uses the ADSI provider to query the server using LDAP first, then WinNT upon failure Uses WinRM to query the CIM class Win32_SystemAccount for well-known SIDs .INPUTS [System.String]$AdsiServer .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] with AdsiProvider and WellKnownSIDs properties .EXAMPLE Get-AdsiServer -AdsiServer localhost Find the ADSI provider of the local computer .EXAMPLE Get-AdsiServer -AdsiServer 'ad.contoso.com' Find the ADSI provider of the AD domain 'ad.contoso.com' #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # IP address or hostname of the directory server whose ADSI provider type to determine [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string[]]$AdsiServer, # Cache of known directory servers to reduce duplicate queries [hashtable]$AdsiServersByDns = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}), # Cache of known Win32_Account instances keyed by domain and SID [hashtable]$Win32AccountsBySID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of known Win32_Account instances keyed by domain (e.g. CONTOSO) and Caption (NTAccount name e.g. CONTOSO\User1) [hashtable]$Win32AccountsByCaption = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) process { ForEach ($ThisServer in $AdsiServer) { if (-not $AdsiServersByDns[$ThisServer]) { $AdsiProvider = $null $AdsiProvider = Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer $ThisServer # Attempt to use CIM to populate the account caches with known instances of the Win32_Account class on $ThisServer # Note: CIM is not expected to be reachable on domain controllers or other scenarios # Because this does not interfere with returning the ADSI Server's PSCustomObject with the AdsiProvider, -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue was used $null = Get-WellKnownSid -CimServerName $ThisServer -Win32AccountsBySID $Win32AccountsBySID -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | ForEach-Object { $Win32AccountsBySID["$($_.Domain)\$($_.SID)"] = $_ $Win32AccountsByCaption["$($_.Domain)\$($_.Caption)"] = $_ } $AdsiServersByDns[$ThisServer] = [pscustomobject]@{ AdsiProvider = $AdsiProvider ServerName = $ThisServer } } $AdsiServersByDns[$ThisServer] } } } function Get-CurrentDomain { <# .SYNOPSIS Use ADSI to get the current domain .DESCRIPTION Works only on domain-joined systems, otherwise returns nothing .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] The current domain .EXAMPLE Get-CurrentDomain Get the domain of the current computer #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] $Obj = [adsi]::new() try { $null = $Obj.RefreshCache('objectSid') } catch { return } return $Obj } function Get-DirectoryEntry { <# .SYNOPSIS Use Active Directory Service Interfaces to retrieve an object from a directory .DESCRIPTION Retrieve a directory entry using either the WinNT or LDAP provider for ADSI .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] where possible [PSCustomObject] for security principals with no directory entry .EXAMPLE Get-DirectoryEntry distinguishedName : {DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com} Path : LDAP://DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com As the current user on a domain-joined computer, bind to the current domain and retrieve the DirectoryEntry for the root of the domain .EXAMPLE Get-DirectoryEntry distinguishedName : Path : WinNT://ComputerName As the current user on a workgroup computer, bind to the local system and retrieve the DirectoryEntry for the root of the directory #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry], [PSCustomObject])] [CmdletBinding()] param ( <# Path to the directory object to retrieve Defaults to the root of the current domain #> [string]$DirectoryPath = (([System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new()).SearchRoot.Path), <# Credentials to use to bind to the directory Defaults to the credentials of the current user #> [pscredential]$Credential, # Properties of the target object to retrieve [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) $DirectoryEntry = $null if ($null -eq $DirectoryEntryCache[$DirectoryPath]) { switch -regex ($DirectoryPath) { <# The WinNT provider only throws an error if you try to retrieve certain accounts/identities We will create own dummy objects instead of performing the query #> '^WinNT:\/\/.*\/CREATOR OWNER$' { $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath } '^WinNT:\/\/.*\/SYSTEM$' { $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath } '^WinNT:\/\/.*\/INTERACTIVE$' { $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath } '^WinNT:\/\/.*\/Authenticated Users$' { $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath } '^WinNT:\/\/.*\/TrustedInstaller$' { $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath } # Workgroup computers do not return a DirectoryEntry with a SearchRoot Path so this ends up being an empty string '^$' { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-DirectoryEntry`t$(hostname) does not appear to be domain-joined since the SearchRoot Path is empty. Defaulting to WinNT provider for localhost instead." $Workgroup = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_ComputerSystem).Workgroup $DirectoryPath = "WinNT://$Workgroup/$(hostname)" Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-DirectoryEntry`t[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('$DirectoryPath')" if ($Credential) { $DirectoryEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new($DirectoryPath, $($Credential.UserName), $($Credential.GetNetworkCredential().password)) } else { $DirectoryEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new($DirectoryPath) } $SampleUser = $DirectoryEntry.PSBase.Children | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.schemaclassname -eq 'user' } | Select-Object -First 1 | Add-SidInfo -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $DirectoryEntry | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'Domain' -Value $SampleUser.Domain -Force } # Otherwise the DirectoryPath is an LDAP path default { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-DirectoryEntry`t[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('$DirectoryPath')" if ($Credential) { $DirectoryEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new($DirectoryPath, $($Credential.UserName), $($Credential.GetNetworkCredential().password)) } else { $DirectoryEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new($DirectoryPath) } } } $DirectoryEntryCache[$DirectoryPath] = $DirectoryEntry } else { #Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-DirectoryEntry`tDirectoryEntryCache hit for '$DirectoryPath'" $DirectoryEntry = $DirectoryEntryCache[$DirectoryPath] } if ($PropertiesToLoad) { try { # If the $DirectoryPath was invalid, this line will return an error $null = $DirectoryEntry.RefreshCache($PropertiesToLoad) } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-DirectoryEntry`t'$DirectoryPath' could not be retrieved." # Ensure that the error message appears on 1 line # Use .Trim() to remove leading and trailing whitespace # Use -replace to remove an errant line break in the following specific error I encountered: The following exception occurred while retrieving member "RefreshCache": "The group name could not be found.`r`n" Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-DirectoryEntry`t'$($_.Exception.Message.Trim() -replace '\s"',' "')" return } } return $DirectoryEntry } function Get-TrustedDomainSidNameMap { <# .SYNOPSIS Returns a dictionary of trusted domains by the current computer .DESCRIPTION Works only on domain-joined systems Use nltest to get the domain trust relationships for the domain of the current computer Use ADSI's LDAP provider to get each trusted domain's DNS name, NETBIOS name, and SID For each trusted domain the key is the domain's SID, or its NETBIOS name if the -KeyByNetbios switch parameter was used For each trusted domain the value contains the details retrieved with ADSI .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.Collections.Hashtable] The current domain trust relationships .EXAMPLE Get-TrustedDomainSidNameMap Get the trusted domains of the current computer .NOTES TODO: Audit usage of this function, have it return objects instead of hashtable, since it updates the threadsafe hashtables instead #> [OutputType([System.Collections.Hashtable])] param ( # Key the dictionary by the domain NetBIOS names instead of SIDs [Switch]$KeyByNetbios, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsBySID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) $Map = @{} # Redirect the error stream to null $nltestresults = & nltest /domain_trusts 2> $null $NlTestRegEx = '[\d]*: .*' $TrustRelationships = $nltestresults -match $NlTestRegEx foreach ($TrustRelationship in $TrustRelationships) { $RegEx = '(?<index>[\d]*): (?<netbios>\S*) (?<dns>\S*).*' if ($TrustRelationship -match $RegEx) { $DomainDnsName = $Matches.dns $DomainNetbios = $Matches.netbios } else { continue } $DomainDirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainDnsName" -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios try { $null = $DomainDirectoryEntry.RefreshCache('objectSid') } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-TrustedDomainSidNameMap`tLDAP Domain: '$DomainDnsName' - $($_.Exception.Message)" continue } try { $DomainSid = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$DomainDirectoryEntry.Properties["objectSid"].Value, 0).ToString() } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-TrustedDomainSidNameMap`tLDAP Domain: '$DomainDnsName' has an invalid SID - $($_.Exception.Message)" continue } $DistinguishedName = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain $DomainNetbios -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $OutputObject = [pscustomobject]@{ Dns = $DomainDnsName Netbios = $DomainNetbios Sid = $DomainSid DistinguishedName = $DistinguishedName } $DomainsBySID[$DomainSid] = $OutputObject $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetbios] = $OutputObject $DomainsByFqdn[$DomainDnsName] = $OutputObject if ($KeyByNetbios -eq $true) { $Map[$DomainNetbios] = $OutputObject } else { $Map[$DomainSid] = $OutputObject } } # Add the WinNT domain of the local computer as well $LocalAccountSID = (Get-CimInstance -Query "SELECT SID FROM Win32_UserAccount WHERE LocalAccount = 'True'").SID[0] $DomainSid = $LocalAccountSID.Substring(0, $LocalAccountSID.LastIndexOf("-")) $DomainNetBios = hostname $DomainDnsName = "$DomainNetbios.$((Get-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters').'NV Domain')" $OutputObject = [pscustomobject]@{ Dns = $DomainDnsName Netbios = $DomainNetbios Sid = $DomainSid DistinguishedName = $null } $DomainsBySID[$DomainSid] = $OutputObject $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetbios] = $OutputObject $DomainsByFqdn[$DomainDnsName] = $OutputObject if ($KeyByNetbios -eq $true) { $Map[$DomainNetbios] = $OutputObject } else { $Map[$DomainSid] = $OutputObject } return $Map } function Get-WellKnownSid { <# .SYNOPSIS Use CIM to get well-known SIDs .DESCRIPTION Use WinRM to query the CIM namespace root/cimv2 for instances of the Win32_Account class .INPUTS [System.String]$CimServerName .OUTPUTS [Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.CimInstance] for each instance of the Win32_Account class in the root/cimv2 namespace .EXAMPLE Get-WellKnownSid Get the well-known SIDs on the current computer .EXAMPLE Get-WellKnownSid -CimServerName 'server123' Get the well-known SIDs on the remote computer 'server123' #> [CmdletBinding()] [OutputType([Microsoft.Management.Infrastructure.CimInstance])] param ( [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string[]]$CimServerName, # Cache of known Win32_Account instances keyed by domain and SID [hashtable]$Win32AccountsBySID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of known Win32_Account instances keyed by domain (e.g. CONTOSO) and Caption (NTAccount name e.g. CONTOSO\User1) [hashtable]$Win32AccountsByCaption = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of known directory servers to reduce duplicate queries [hashtable]$AdsiServersByDns = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) begin { $AdsiServersWhoseWin32AccountsExistInCache = $Win32AccountsBySID.Keys | ForEach-Object { ($_ -split '\\')[0] } | Sort-Object -Unique } process { ForEach ($ThisServer in $CimServerName) { if ($ThisServer -eq (hostname) -or $ThisServer -eq 'localhost' -or $ThisServer -eq '127.0.0.1' -or [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($ThisServer)) { $ThisServer = hostname } # Return matching objects from the cache if possible rather than performing a CIM query # The cache is based on the Caption of the Win32 accounts which conatins only NetBios names $ThisServerNetbios = ConvertTo-LDAPDomainNetBIOS -DomainFQDN if ($AdsiServersWhoseWin32AccountsExistInCache -contains $ThisServer) { $Win32AccountsBySID.Keys | ForEach-Object { if ($_ -like "$ThisServer\*") { $Win32AccountsBySID[$_] } } } else { if ($ThisServer -eq (hostname)) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WellKnownSid`t`$CimSession = New-CimSession # For '$ThisServer'" $CimSession = New-CimSession Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WellKnownSid`tGet-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Account -CimSession `$CimSession # For '$ThisServer'" } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WellKnownSid`t`$CimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName '$ThisServer' # For '$ThisServer'" $CimSession = New-CimSession -ComputerName $ThisServer Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WellKnownSid`tGet-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Account -CimSession `$CimSession # For '$ThisServer'" } Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_Account -CimSession $CimSession Remove-CimSession -CimSession $CimSession } } } } function Get-WinNTGroupMember { <# .SYNOPSIS Get members of a group from the WinNT provider .DESCRIPTION Get members of a group from the WinNT provider Convert them from COM objects into usable DirectoryEntry objects .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]$DirectoryEntry .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] for each group member .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrators') | Get-WinNTGroupMember Get members of the local Administrators group #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # DirectoryEntry [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] of the WinNT group whose members to get [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $DirectoryEntry, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Properties of the group members to find in the directory [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable of domain DNs $KnownDomains = (Get-TrustedDomainSidNameMap -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -KeyByNetbios -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios) ) process { ForEach ($ThisDirEntry in $DirectoryEntry) { $SourceDomain = $ThisDirEntry.Path | Split-Path -Parent | Split-Path -Leaf # Retrieve the members of local groups if ($null -ne $ThisDirEntry.Properties['groupType'] -or $ThisDirEntry.schemaclassname -eq 'group') { # Assembly: System.DirectoryServices.dll # Namespace: System.DirectoryServices # DirectoryEntry.Invoke(String, Object[]) Method # Calls a method on the native Active Directory Domain Services object # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.directoryservices.directoryentry.invoke?view=dotnet-plat-ext-6.0 # I am using it to call the IADsGroup::Members method # The IADsGroup programming interface is part of the iads.h header # The iads.h header is part of the ADSI component of the Win32 API # The IADsGroup::Members method retrieves a collection of the immediate members of the group. # The collection does not include the members of other groups that are nested within the group. # The default implementation of this method uses LsaLookupSids to query name information for the group members. # LsaLookupSids has a maximum limitation of 20480 SIDs it can convert, therefore that limitation also applies to this method. # Returns a pointer to an IADsMembers interface pointer that receives the collection of group members. The caller must release this interface when it is no longer required. # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/nf-iads-iadsgroup-members # The IADsMembers::Members method would use the same provider but I have chosen not to implement that here # Recursion through nested groups can be handled outside of Get-WinNTGroupMember for now # Maybe that could be a feature in the future # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/adsi/adsi-object-model-for-winnt-providers?redirectedfrom=MSDN $DirectoryMembers = & { $ThisDirEntry.Invoke('Members') } 2>$null Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'$($ThisDirEntry.Path)' has $(($DirectoryMembers | Measure-Object).Count) members # For $($ThisDirEntry.Path)" ForEach ($DirectoryMember in $DirectoryMembers) { # The IADsGroup::Members method returns ComObjects # But proper .Net objects are much easier to work with # So we will convert the ComObjects into DirectoryEntry objects $DirectoryPath = Invoke-ComObject -ComObject $DirectoryMember -Property 'ADsPath' $MemberDomainDn = $null if ($DirectoryPath -match 'WinNT:\/\/(?<Domain>[^\/]*)\/(?<Acct>.*$)') { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'$DirectoryPath' has a domain of '$($Matches.Domain)' and an account name of '$($Matches.Acct)'" $MemberName = $Matches.Acct $MemberDomainNetbios = $Matches.Domain $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$MemberDomainNetbios] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'# Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$MemberDomainNetBios'" if ( "WinNT:\\$MemberDomainNetbios" -ne $SourceDomain ) { $MemberDomainDn = $DomainCacheResult.DistinguishedName } } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'# Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$MemberDomainNetBios'. Available keys: $($DomainsByNetBios.Keys -join ',')" } if ($DirectoryPath -match 'WinNT:\/\/(?<Domain>[^\/]*)\/(?<Middle>[^\/]*)\/(?<Acct>.*$)') { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'$DirectoryPath' came from an ADSI server joined to the domain of '$($Matches.Domain)' but its domain is '$($Matches.Middle)' and its name is '$($Matches.Acct)'" if ($Matches.Middle -eq ($ThisDirEntry.Path | Split-Path -Parent | Split-Path -Leaf)) { $MemberDomainDn = $null } } } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'$DirectoryPath' does not match 'WinNT:\/\/(?<Domain>[^\/]*)\/(?<Acct>.*$)'" } $MemberParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DirectoryPath = $DirectoryPath PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios } if ($MemberDomainDn) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'$MemberName' is a domain security principal" $MemberParams['DirectoryPath'] = "LDAP://$MemberDomainDn" $MemberParams['Filter'] = "(samaccountname=$MemberName)" $MemberDirectoryEntry = Search-Directory @MemberParams } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'$DirectoryPath' is a local security principal" $MemberDirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry @MemberParams } $MemberDirectoryEntry | Expand-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tGet-WinNTGroupMember`t'$($ThisDirEntry.Path)' is not a group" } } } } function Invoke-ComObject { <# .SYNOPSIS Invoke a member method of a ComObject [__ComObject] .DESCRIPTION Use the InvokeMember method to invoke the InvokeMethod or GetProperty or SetProperty methods By default, invokes the GetProperty method for the specified Property If the Value parameter is specified, invokes the SetProperty method for the specified Property If the Method switch is specified, invokes the InvokeMethod method .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS The output of the invoked method is returned directly .EXAMPLE $ComObject = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrators').Invoke('Members') | Select -First 1 Invoke-ComObject -ComObject $ComObject -Property AdsPath Get the first member of the local Administrators group on the current computer Then use Invoke-ComObject to invoke the GetProperty method and return the value of the AdsPath property #> param ( # The ComObject whose member method to invoke [Parameter(Mandatory)] $ComObject, # The property to use with the invoked method [Parameter(Mandatory)] [String]$Property, # The value to set with the SetProperty method, or the name of the method to run with the InvokeMethod method $Value, # Use the InvokeMethod method of the ComObject [Switch]$Method ) <# # Don't remember what this is for If ($ComObject -IsNot "__ComObject") { If (!$ComInvoke) { $Global:ComInvoke = @{} } If (!$ComInvoke.$ComObject) { $ComInvoke.$ComObject = New-Object -ComObject $ComObject } $ComObject = $ComInvoke.$ComObject } #> If ($Method) { $Invoke = "InvokeMethod" } ElseIf ($MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey("Value")) { $Invoke = "SetProperty" } Else { $Invoke = "GetProperty" } [__ComObject].InvokeMember($Property, $Invoke, $Null, $ComObject, $Value) } function New-FakeDirectoryEntry { <# .SYNOPSIS Returns a PSCustomObject in place of a DirectoryEntry for certain WinNT security principals that do not have objects in the directory .DESCRIPTION The WinNT provider only throws an error if you try to retrieve certain accounts/identities We will create dummy objects instead of performing the query .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject] .EXAMPLE ---------- EXAMPLE 1 ---------- New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath 'WinNT://WORKGROUP/Computer/CREATOR OWNER' Create a fake DirectoryEntry to represent the CREATOR OWNER special security principal #> [OutputType([System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject])] param ( <# Path to the directory object to retrieve Defaults to the root of the current domain (but don't use it for that, just do this instead: [System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new()) #> [string]$DirectoryPath ) $DirectoryEntry = $null $Properties = @{ Name = ($DirectoryPath -split '\/') | Select-Object -Last 1 Parent = $DirectoryPath | Split-Path -Parent Path = $DirectoryPath SchemaEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] } switch -regex ($DirectoryPath) { 'CREATOR OWNER$' { $Properties['objectSid'] = 'S-1-3-0' | ConvertTo-SidByteArray $Properties['Description'] = 'A SID to be replaced by the SID of the user who creates a new object. This SID is used in inheritable ACEs.' $Properties['Properties'] = @{ Name = $Properties['Name'] Description = $Description objectSid = $SidByteAray } $Properties['SchemaClassName'] = 'user' } 'SYSTEM$' { $Properties['objectSid'] = 'S-1-5-18' | ConvertTo-SidByteArray $Properties['Description'] = 'By default, the SYSTEM account is granted Full Control permissions to all files on an NTFS volume' $Properties['Properties'] = @{ Name = $Properties['Name'] Description = $Description objectSid = $SidByteAray } $Properties['SchemaClassName'] = 'user' } 'INTERACTIVE$' { $Properties['objectSid'] = 'S-1-5-4' | ConvertTo-SidByteArray $Properties['Description'] = 'Users who log on for interactive operation. This is a group identifier added to the token of a process when it was logged on interactively.' $Properties['Properties'] = @{ Name = $Properties['Name'] Description = $Description objectSid = $SidByteAray } $Properties['SchemaClassName'] = 'group' } 'Authenticated Users$' { $Properties['objectSid'] = 'S-1-5-11' | ConvertTo-SidByteArray $Properties['Description'] = 'Any user who accesses the system through a sign-in process has the Authenticated Users identity.' $Properties['Properties'] = @{ Name = $Properties['Name'] Description = $Description objectSid = $SidByteAray } $Properties['SchemaClassName'] = 'group' } 'TrustedInstaller$' { $Properties['objectSid'] = 'S-1-5-11' | ConvertTo-SidByteArray $Properties['Description'] = 'Most of the operating system files are owned by the TrustedInstaller security identifier (SID)' $Properties['Properties'] = @{ Name = $Properties['Name'] Description = $Description objectSid = $SidByteAray } $Properties['SchemaClassName'] = 'user' } } $DirectoryEntry = [pscustomobject]::new($Properties) $DirectoryEntry | Add-Member -MemberType ScriptMethod -Name RefreshCache -Force -Value {} return $DirectoryEntry } function Resolve-Ace { <# .SYNOPSIS Use ADSI to lookup info about IdentityReferences from Authorization Rule Collections that came from Discretionary Access Control Lists .DESCRIPTION Based on the IdentityReference proprety of each Access Control Entry: Resolve SID to NT account name and vise-versa Resolve well-known SIDs Resolve generic defaults like 'NT AUTHORITY' and 'BUILTIN' to the applicable computer or domain name Add these properties (IdentityReferenceSID,IdentityReferenceName,IdentityReferenceResolved) to the object and return it .INPUTS [System.Security.AccessControl.AuthorizationRuleCollection]$InputObject .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] Original object plus IdentityReferenceSID,IdentityReferenceName,IdentityReferenceResolved, and AdsiProvider properties .EXAMPLE Get-Acl | Expand-Acl | Resolve-Ace Use Get-Acl from the Microsoft.PowerShell.Security module as the source of the access list This works in either Windows Powershell or in Powershell Get-Acl does not support long paths (>256 characters) That was why I originally used the .Net Framework method .EXAMPLE Get-FolderAce -LiteralPath C:\Test -IncludeInherited | Resolve-Ace .EXAMPLE [System.String]$FolderPath = 'C:\Test' [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]$DirectoryInfo = Get-Item -LiteralPath $FolderPath $Sections = [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Access -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Owner $FileSecurity = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity]::new($DirectoryInfo,$Sections) $IncludeExplicitRules = $true $IncludeInheritedRules = $true $AccountType = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier] $FileSecurity.GetAccessRules($IncludeExplicitRules,$IncludeInheritedRules,$AccountType) | Resolve-Ace This uses .Net Core as the source of the access list It uses the GetAccessRules method on the [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity] class The targetType parameter of the method is used to specify that the accounts in the ACL are returned as SIDs .EXAMPLE [System.String]$FolderPath = 'C:\Test' [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]$DirectoryInfo = Get-Item -LiteralPath $FolderPath $Sections = [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Access -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Owner -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Group $DirectorySecurity = [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]::new($DirectoryInfo,$Sections) $IncludeExplicitRules = $true $IncludeInheritedRules = $true $AccountType = [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount] $FileSecurity.GetAccessRules($IncludeExplicitRules,$IncludeInheritedRules,$AccountType) | Resolve-Ace This uses .Net Core as the source of the access list It uses the GetAccessRules method on the [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity] class The targetType parameter of the method is used to specify that the accounts in the ACL are returned as NT account names (DOMAIN\User) .EXAMPLE [System.String]$FolderPath = 'C:\Test' [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]$DirectoryInfo = Get-Item -LiteralPath $FolderPath [System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity]$DirectorySecurity = $DirectoryInfo.GetAccessControl('Access') [System.Security.AccessControl.AuthorizationRuleCollection]$AuthRules = $DirectorySecurity.Access $AuthRules | Resolve-Ace Use the .Net Framework (or legacy .Net Core up to 2.2) as the source of the access list Only works in Windows PowerShell Those versions of .Net had a GetAccessControl method on the [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] class This method is removed in modern versions of .Net Core .EXAMPLE [System.String]$FolderPath = 'C:\Test' [System.IO.DirectoryInfo]$DirectoryInfo = Get-Item -LiteralPath $FolderPath $Sections = [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Access -bor [System.Security.AccessControl.AccessControlSections]::Owner $FileSecurity = [System.IO.FileSystemAclExtensions]::GetAccessControl($DirectoryInfo,$Sections) The [System.IO.FileSystemAclExtensions] class is a Windows-specific implementation It provides no known benefit over the cross-platform equivalent [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSecurity] .NOTES Dependencies: Get-DirectoryEntry Add-SidInfo Get-TrustedDomainSidNameMap Find-AdsiProvider if ($FolderPath.Length -gt 255) { $FolderPath = "\\?\$FolderPath" } #> [OutputType([PSCustomObject])] param ( # Authorization Rule Collection of Access Control Entries from Discretionary Access Control Lists [Parameter( ValueFromPipeline )] [PSObject[]]$InputObject, <# Dictionary to cache known servers to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$AdsiServersByDns = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}), <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$Win32AccountsBySID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$Win32AccountsByCaption = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsBySID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) process { $ACEPropertyNames = (Get-Member -InputObject $InputObject[0] -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name ForEach ($ThisACE in $InputObject) { $IdentityReference = $ThisACE.IdentityReference.ToString() if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($IdentityReference)) { return } $ThisServerDns = $null $DomainNetBios = $null # Remove the PsProvider prefix from the path string if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($ThisACE.SourceAccessList.Path)) { $LiteralPath = $ThisACE.SourceAccessList.Path -replace [regex]::escape("$($ThisACE.SourceAccessList.PsProvider)::"), '' } else { $LiteralPath = $LiteralPath -replace [regex]::escape("$($ThisACE.SourceAccessList.PsProvider)::"), '' } switch -Wildcard ($IdentityReference) { "S-1-*" { # IdentityReference is a SID (Revision 1) Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t'$IdentityReference'.LastIndexOf('-')" $IndexOfLastHyphen = $IdentityReference.LastIndexOf("-") Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t'$IdentityReference'.Substring(0, $IndexOfLastHyphen)" $DomainSid = $IdentityReference.Substring(0, $IndexOfLastHyphen) if ($DomainSid) { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsBySID[$DomainSid] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t# Domain SID cache hit for '$DomainSid'" $ThisServerDns = $DomainCacheResult.Dns $DomainNetBios = $DomainCacheResult.Netbios } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t# Domain SID cache miss for '$DomainSid'" } } } "NT SERVICE\*" { $ThisServerDns = Find-ServerNameInPath -LiteralPath $LiteralPath } "BUILTIN\*" { $ThisServerDns = Find-ServerNameInPath -LiteralPath $LiteralPath } "NT AUTHORITY\*" { $ThisServerDns = Find-ServerNameInPath -LiteralPath $LiteralPath } default { $DomainNetBios = ($IdentityReference -split '\\')[0] if ($DomainNetBios) { $ThisServerDns = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBios].Dns #Doesn't work for BUILTIN, etc. } if (-not $ThisServerDns) { $ThisServerDn = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain $DomainNetBios -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $ThisServerDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName $ThisServerDn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } } } if (-not $ThisServerDns) { # Bug: I think this will report incorrectly for a remote domain not in the cache (trust broken or something) $ThisServerDns = Find-ServerNameInPath -LiteralPath $LiteralPath } Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t# '$IdentityReference' has a domain DNS name of '$ThisServerDns'" if (-not $DomainNetBios) { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByFqdn[$ThisServerDns] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t# Domain FQDN cache hit for '$ThisServerDns'" $DomainNetBios = $DomainCacheResult.Netbios } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t# Domain FQDN cache miss for '$ThisServerDns'" } } if (-not $DomainNetBios) { $DomainNetBios = ConvertTo-LDAPDomainNetBIOS -DomainFQDN $ThisServerDns -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -AdsiServersByDns $AdsiServersByDns -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t# '$IdentityReference' has a domain NetBIOS name of '$DomainNetBios'" $GetAdsiServerParams = @{ AdsiServer = $ThisServerDns AdsiServersByDns = $AdsiServersByDns Win32AccountsBySID = $Win32AccountsBySID Win32AccountsByCaption = $Win32AccountsByCaption } $AdsiServer = Get-AdsiServer @GetAdsiServerParams Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-Ace`t# '$IdentityReference' has an ADSI server of '$($AdsiServer.AdsiProvider)://$($AdsiServer.ServerName)'" $ResolveIdentityReferenceParams = @{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference ServerName = $ThisServerDns AdsiServer = $AdsiServer Win32AccountsBySID = $Win32AccountsBySID Win32AccountsByCaption = $Win32AccountsByCaption DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsBySID = $DomainsBySID DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios AdsiServersByDns = $AdsiServersByDns DomainsByFqdn = $DomainsByFqdn } $ResolvedIdentityReference = Resolve-IdentityReference @ResolveIdentityReferenceParams # not sure if I should add a param to offer DNS instead of NetBIOS $ObjectProperties = @{ AdsiProvider = $AdsiServer.AdsiProvider AdsiServer = $AdsiServer.ServerName IdentityReferenceSID = $ResolvedIdentityReference.SIDString IdentityReferenceName = $ResolvedIdentityReference.IdentityReferenceUnresolved IdentityReferenceResolved = $ResolvedIdentityReference.IdentityReferenceNetBios } ForEach ($ThisProperty in $ACEPropertyNames) { $ObjectProperties[$ThisProperty] = $ThisACE.$ThisProperty } [PSCustomObject]$ObjectProperties } } } function Resolve-IdentityReference { <# .SYNOPSIS Use ADSI to lookup info about IdentityReferences from Access Control Entries that came from Discretionary Access Control Lists .DESCRIPTION Based on the IdentityReference proprety of each Access Control Entry: Resolve SID to NT account name and vise-versa Resolve well-known SIDs Resolve generic defaults like 'NT AUTHORITY' and 'BUILTIN' to the applicable computer or domain name .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] with UnresolvedIdentityReference and SIDString properties (each strings) .EXAMPLE Resolve-IdentityReference -IdentityReference 'BUILTIN\Administrator' -ServerName 'localhost' -AdsiServer (Get-AdsiServer 'localhost') Get information about the local Administrator account #> [OutputType([PSCustomObject])] param ( # IdentityReference from an Access Control Entry # Expecting either a SID (S-1-5-18) or an NT account name (CONTOSO\User) [Parameter(Mandatory)] [string]$IdentityReference, # Name of the directory server to use to resolve the IdentityReference [string]$ServerName, # Object from Get-AdsiServer representing the directory server and its attributes [PSObject]$AdsiServer, [hashtable]$KnownDomains = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}), <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$Win32AccountsBySID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$Win32AccountsByCaption = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsBySID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Dictionary to cache known servers to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$AdsiServersByDns = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}) ) $ThisHostName = hostname if ($AdsiServer.AdsiProvider -eq 'LDAP') { $ServerNetBIOS = ConvertTo-LDAPDomainNetBIOS -DomainFQDN $AdsiServer.ServerName -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -AdsiServersByDns $AdsiServersByDns -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } else { $ServerNetBIOS = ($AdsiServer.ServerName -split '\.')[0] } $split = $IdentityReference.Split('\') $DomainNetBIOS = $split[0] $DomainNetBIOS = $ServerNetBIOS $Name = $split[1] # Many Well-Known SIDs cannot be translated with the Translate method # Instead we have used CIM to collect information on instances of the Win32_Account class from the AdsiServer # This has been done by Get-AdsiServer and it updated the Win32AccountsBySID and Win32AccountsByCaption caches # Search the caches now $CacheResult = $Win32AccountsBySID["$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference"] if ($CacheResult) { #IdentityReference is a SID, and has been cached from this server Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Win32_Account SID cache hit for '$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference'" return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReferenceOriginal = $IdentityReference # IdentityReferenceNameUnresolved below is not available, the Win32_Account instances in the cache are already resolved to the NetBios domain names IdentityReferenceUnresolved = $null # Could parse SID to get this? SIDString = $CacheResult.SID IdentityReferenceNetBios = $CacheResult.Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$($AdsiServer.ServerName)\$($CacheResult.Name)" } } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Win32_Account SID cache miss for '$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference'" } if ($Name) { # Win32_Account provides a NetBIOS-resolved IdentityReference # NT Authority\SYSTEM on would be SERVER123\SYSTEM as a Win32_Account on a server with hostname server123 # This could also match on a domain account since those can be returned as Win32_Account, not sure if that will be a bug or what $CacheResult = $Win32AccountsByCaption["$ServerNetBIOS\$ServerNetBIOS\$Name"] if ($CacheResult) { # IdentityReference is an NT Account Name, and has been cached from this server Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Win32_Account caption cache hit for '$ServerNetBIOS\$ServerNetBIOS\$Name'" if ($ServerNetBIOS -eq $CacheResult.Domain) { $DomainDns = $AdsiServer.ServerName } if (-not $DomainDns) { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$CacheResult.Domain] if ($DomainCacheResult) { $DomainDns = $DomainCacheResult.Dns } } if (-not $DomainDns) { $DomainDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -NetBIOS $DomainNetBIOS -KnownDomains $KnownDomains -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $DomainDn = $KnownDomains[$DomainNetBIOS] } return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReferenceOriginal = $IdentityReference # IdentityReferenceNameUnresolved below is not available, the Win32_Account instances in the cache are already resolved to the NetBios domain names IdentityReferenceUnresolved = $IdentityReference SIDString = $CacheResult.SID IdentityReferenceNetBios = $CacheResult.Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$($CacheResult.Name)" } } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Win32_Account caption cache miss for '$ServerNetBIOS\$ServerNetBIOS\$Name'" } } $CacheResult = $Win32AccountsByCaption["$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference"] if ($CacheResult) { # IdentityReference is an NT Account Name, and has been cached from this server Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Win32_Account caption cache hit for '$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference'" return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReferenceOriginal = $IdentityReference # IdentityReferenceNameUnresolved below is not available, the Win32_Account instances in the cache are already resolved to the NetBios domain names IdentityReferenceUnresolved = $null SIDString = $CacheResult.SID IdentityReferenceNetBios = $CacheResult.Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$($AdsiServer.ServerName)\$($CacheResult.Name)" } } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Win32_Account caption cache miss for '$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference'" } switch -Wildcard ($IdentityReference) { "S-1-*" { # IdentityReference is a SID (Revision 1) # Constricted a SecurityIdentifier object based on the SID Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t[System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new('$IdentityReference')" $SecurityIdentifier = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($IdentityReference) <# Use the SecurityIdentifier.Translate() method to translate the SID to an NT Account name This .Net method makes it impossible to redirect the error stream directly Wrapping it in a scriptblock (which is then executed with &) fixes the problem I don't understand exactly why The scriptblock will evaluate null if the SID cannot be translated, and the error stream redirection supresses the error #> Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t[System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new('$IdentityReference').Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])" $UnresolvedIdentityReference = & { $SecurityIdentifier.Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]).Value } 2>$null # The SID of the domain is everything up to (but not including) the last hyphen $DomainSid = $IdentityReference.Substring(0, $IdentityReference.LastIndexOf("-")) # Search the cache of domains (TrustedDomainSidNameMap) $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsBySID[$DomainSid] if (-not $DomainCacheResult) { $split = $UnresolvedIdentityReference -split '\\' $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$split[0]] Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Domain SID cache miss for '$DomainSid'" } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Domain SID cache hit for '$DomainSid'" } if ($DomainCacheResult) { $DomainNetBIOS = $DomainCacheResult.Netbios $DomainDns = $DomainCacheResult.Dns } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Domain SID '$DomainSid' is unknown." $DomainNetBIOS = $split[0] Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Translated NTAccount name for '$IdentityReference' is '$UnresolvedIdentityReference'" $DomainDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -NetBIOS $DomainNetBIOS -KnownDomains $KnownDomains -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } $AdsiServer = Get-AdsiServer -AdsiServer $DomainDns -AdsiServersByDns $AdsiServersByDns # Recursively call this function to resolve the new IdentityReference we have $ResolveIdentityReferenceParams = @{ IdentityReference = $UnresolvedIdentityReference ServerName = $DomainDns AdsiServer = $AdsiServer Win32AccountsBySID = $Win32AccountsBySID Win32AccountsByCaption = $Win32AccountsByCaption DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsBySID = $DomainsBySID DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios } $Resolved = Resolve-IdentityReference @ResolveIdentityReferenceParams if ( -not $UnresolvedIdentityReference ) { $Resolved = [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReferenceOriginal = $IdentityReference IdentityReferenceUnresolved = $IdentityReference SIDString = $IdentityReference IdentityReferenceNetBios = "$DomainNetBIOS\$IdentityReference" IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$IdentityReference" } } return $Resolved } "NT SERVICE\*" { # Some of them are services (yes services can have SIDs, notably this includes TrustedInstaller but it is also common with SQL) if ($ServerNetBIOS -eq $ThisHostName) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`tsc.exe showsid $Name" [string[]]$ScResult = & sc.exe showsid $Name } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`tInvoke-Command -ComputerName $ServerNetBIOS -ScriptBlock { & sc.exe showsid `$args[0] } -ArgumentList $Name" [string[]]$ScResult = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $ServerNetBIOS -ScriptBlock { & sc.exe showsid $args[0] } -ArgumentList $Name } $ScResultProps = @{} $ScResult | ForEach-Object { $Prop, $Value = ($_ -split ':').Trim() $ScResultProps[$Prop] = $Value } $SIDString = $ScResultProps['SERVICE SID'] $Caption = $IdentityReference -replace 'NT SERVICE', $ServerNetBIOS $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$ServerNetBIOS] if ($DomainCacheResult) { $DomainDns = $DomainCacheResult.Dns } if (-not $DomainDns) { $DomainDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -NetBIOS $ServerNetBIOS -KnownDomains $KnownDomains -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $SIDString Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $Name } $Win32AccountsByCaption["$ServerNetBIOS\$Caption"] = $Win32Acct $Win32AccountsBySID["$ServerNetBIOS\$SIDString"] = $Win32Acct return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReferenceOriginal = $IdentityReference IdentityReferenceUnresolved = $IdentityReference SIDString = $SIDString IdentityReferenceNetBios = $Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$Name" } } "BUILTIN\*" { # Some built-in groups such as BUILTIN\Users and BUILTIN\Administrators are not in the CIM class or translatable with the NTAccount.Translate() method # But they may have real DirectoryEntry objects # Try to find the DirectoryEntry object locally on the server $DirectoryPath = "$($AdsiServer.AdsiProvider)`://$ServerNetBIOS/$Name" $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $SIDString = (Add-SidInfo -InputObject $DirectoryEntry -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios).SidString $Caption = $IdentityReference -replace 'BUILTIN', $ServerNetBIOS $DomainDns = $AdsiServer.ServerName # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $SIDString Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $Name } $Win32AccountsByCaption["$ServerNetBIOS\$Caption"] = $Win32Acct $Win32AccountsBySID["$ServerNetBIOS\$SIDString"] = $Win32Acct return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReferenceOriginal = $IdentityReference IdentityReferenceUnresolved = $IdentityReference SIDString = $SIDString IdentityReferenceNetBios = $Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$Name" } } } # The IdentityReference is an NTAccount # Resolve NTAccount to SID # Start by determining the domain if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DomainNetBIOS)) { } $DomainDNCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBIOS] if (-not $DomainDNCacheResult) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$($DomainNetBIOS)'." $KnownDomains[$DomainNetBIOS] = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain $DomainNetBIOS -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$($DomainNetBIOS)'." $KnownDomains[$DomainNetBIOS] = $DomainDNCacheResult } $DomainDn = $KnownDomains[$DomainNetBIOS] $DomainDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName $DomainDn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios # Try to resolve the account against the server the Access Control Entry came from (which may or may not be the directory server for the account) Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t[System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new('$ServerNetBIOS', '$Name')" $NTAccount = [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new($ServerNetBIOS, $Name) Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t[System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new('$ServerNetBIOS', '$Name').Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])" $SIDString = & { $NTAccount.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]) } 2>$null if (-not $SIDString) { # Try to resolve the account against the domain indicated in its NT Account Name (which may or may not be the correct ADSI server for the account, it won't be if it's NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM for example) Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t[System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new('$DomainNetBIOS', '$Name')" $NTAccount = [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new($DomainNetBIOS, $Name) Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t[System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new('$DomainNetBIOS', '$Name').Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])" $SIDString = & { $NTAccount.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]) } 2>$null } else { $DomainNetBIOS = $ServerNetBIOS } if (-not $SIDString) { # Try to resolve the account against the domain indicated in its NT Account Name # Add this domain to our list of known domains try { $SearchPath = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainDn" -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $DirectoryEntry = Search-Directory -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DirectoryPath $SearchPath -Filter "(samaccountname=$Name)" -PropertiesToLoad @('objectClass', 'distinguishedName', 'name', 'grouptype', 'description', 'managedby', 'member', 'objectClass', 'Department', 'Title') -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $SIDString = (Add-SidInfo -InputObject $DirectoryEntry -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios).SidString } catch { Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-IdentityReference`t$($StartingIdentityName) could not be resolved against its directory" Write-Warning "$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$(hostname)`tResolve-IdentityReference`t$($_.Exception.Message)" } } if (-not $SIDString) { # Try to find the DirectoryEntry object directly on the server $DirectoryPath = "$($AdsiServer.AdsiProvider)`://$ServerNetBIOS/$Name" $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios $SIDString = (Add-SidInfo -InputObject $DirectoryEntry -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios).SidString } if ($SIDString) { $DomainNetBIOS = $ServerNetBIOS } # This covers unresolved SIDs for deleted accounts, broken domain trusts, etc. if ( '' -eq "$Name" ) { $Name = $IdentityReference Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# An identity reference girl has no name ($Name)" } else { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tResolve-IdentityReference`t# '$IdentityReference' is named '$Name'" } return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReferenceOriginal = $IdentityReference IdentityReferenceUnresolved = $IdentityReference SIDString = $SIDString IdentityReferenceNetBios = "$DomainNetBios\$Name" IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$Name" } } function Search-Directory { <# .SYNOPSIS Use Active Directory Service Interfaces to search an LDAP directory .DESCRIPTION Find directory entries using the LDAP provider for ADSI (the WinNT provider does not support searching) Provides a wrapper around the [System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher] class .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] .EXAMPLE Search-Directory -Filter '' As the current user on a domain-joined computer, bind to the current domain and search for all directory entries matching the LDAP filter #> param ( <# Path to the directory object to retrieve Defaults to the root of the current domain #> [string]$DirectoryPath = (([adsisearcher]'').SearchRoot.Path), # Filter for the LDAP search [string]$Filter, # Number of records per page of results [int]$PageSize = 1000, # Additional properties to return [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, # Credentials to use [pscredential]$Credential, # Scope of the search [string]$SearchScope = 'subtree', <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) $ThisHostName = HOSTNAME.EXE $DirectoryEntryParameters = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios } if ($Credential) { $DirectoryEntryParameters['Credential'] = $Credential } if (($null -eq $DirectoryPath -or '' -eq $DirectoryPath)) { $Workgroup = (Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_ComputerSystem).Workgroup $DirectoryPath = "WinNT://$Workgroup/$(hostname)" } $DirectoryEntryParameters['DirectoryPath'] = $DirectoryPath $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry @DirectoryEntryParameters Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tSearch-Directory`t`$DirectorySearcher = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new(([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('$DirectoryPath')))" $DirectorySearcher = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new($DirectoryEntry) if ($Filter) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tSearch-Directory`t`$DirectorySearcher.Filter = '$Filter'" $DirectorySearcher.Filter = $Filter } Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tSearch-Directory`t`$DirectorySearcher.PageSize = '$PageSize'" $DirectorySearcher.PageSize = $PageSize Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tSearch-Directory`t`$DirectorySearcher.SearchScope = '$SearchScope'" $DirectorySearcher.SearchScope = $SearchScope ForEach ($Property in $PropertiesToLoad) { Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tSearch-Directory`t`$DirectorySearcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add('$Property')" $null = $DirectorySearcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add($Property) } Write-Debug -Message " $(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostName`tSearch-Directory`t`$DirectorySearcher.FindAll()" $SearchResultCollection = $DirectorySearcher.FindAll() # TODO: Fix this. Problems in integration testing trying to use the objects later if I dispose them here now. # Error: Cannot access a disposed object. #$null = $DirectorySearcher.Dispose() #$null = $DirectoryEntry.Dispose() $Output = [System.DirectoryServices.SearchResult[]]::new($SearchResultCollection.Count) $SearchResultCollection.CopyTo($Output, 0) #$null = $SearchResultCollection.Dispose() return $Output } <# # Add any custom C# classes as usable (exported) types $CSharpFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path "$PSScriptRoot\*.cs" ForEach ($ThisFile in $CSharpFiles) { Add-Type -Path $ThisFile.FullName -ErrorAction Stop } #> Export-ModuleMember -Function @('Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath','Add-SidInfo','ConvertFrom-DirectoryEntry','ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString','ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation','ConvertTo-DistinguishedName','ConvertTo-Fqdn','ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentation','ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentationForLDAPFilterString','ConvertTo-LDAPDomainNetBIOS','ConvertTo-SidByteArray','Expand-AdsiGroupMember','Expand-IdentityReference','Expand-WinNTGroupMember','Find-AdsiProvider','Get-AdsiGroup','Get-AdsiGroupMember','Get-AdsiServer','Get-CurrentDomain','Get-DirectoryEntry','Get-TrustedDomainSidNameMap','Get-WellKnownSid','Get-WinNTGroupMember','Invoke-ComObject','New-FakeDirectoryEntry','Resolve-Ace','Resolve-IdentityReference','Search-Directory') |